The President signed H.R.2159, the Foreign Operations Appropriation Act for Fiscal Year 1998, into law on 26 November 1997 (Public Law 105-118). In it, Congress appropriated $6 billion of military assistance, for the most part complying with the administration's requested levels (see ASM No. 34).

Several trends apparent in past budgets were continued in this legislation, including increased support for militaries in Central and East Europe, additional assistance to Jordan, and a reduction in aid to Greece and Turkey. (For a comparison to the preceding year's appropriation, see ASM No. 33.)

Congress appropriated just under $3.3 billion in Foreign Military Financing (FMF), to underwrite the purchase of U.S. weapons and services by foreign governments. The majority of FMF was provided in grants, with Israel and Egypt receiving 94 percent of the total. Aid to Jordan rose to $75 million, with one-third in the form of a draw down of military equipment and training from Pentagon stocks and the remaining $50 million to fund F-16 fighter jets.

Participation in NATO's "Partnership for Peace," and the future demands of integration into the alliance, provided the impetus for an $18.3 million FMF grant for Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, as well as $50 million dedicated to Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic.

Congress also appropriated $60 million in FMF to subsidize $657 million in loans for weapons purchases. For antagonistic neighbors Greece and Turkey, the loans were appropriated in a 7:10 ratio, respectively, as has been customary for many years. The remaining $402 million of loans was slated to assist with expansion of the NATO alliance through the Central Europe Defense Loan program.

The administration received $2.4 billion for the Economic Support Fund (ESF). While not specifically targeted to weapons purchases, annual grant economic aid to Israel, Egypt and Turkey has historically been considered "security assistance." Egypt and Israel received their customary large grants for FY 1998, a reward for signing the Camp David accords twenty years ago. Jordan, which began receiving ESF following its rapprochement with Israel, received a significant increase in ESF this year.

House appropriators inserted a provision requiring that half of the $40 million ESF grant to Turkey for FY 1998 be given to non-governmental organizations "engaged in strengthening democratic institutions in Turkey, providing economic assistance for individuals and communities affected by civil unrest, and supporting and promoting peaceful solutions and economic development which will contribute to the settlement of regional problems in Turkey." The Turkish government refused to accept any of the ESF.

The administration requested and received $50 million for the training of nearly 7,400 members of 120 foreign militaries, a significant increase from FY 1997 levels. Some of the largest recipients of this aid were recognized by the State Department as having poor human rights records. IMET generally involves training in the operation of U.S. weapons systems, military doctrine, military management or human rights/ democracy education. For the level of IMET funding to a particular country, see ASM No. 34 and the box.

International Narcotics Control

Congress appropriated $230 million for the international drug control programs run by the State Depart- ment. The majority of this funding supports law enforcement, institution building and economic incentives to grow alternative crops, but it also includes the provision of weapons and training, principally to Bolivia, Colombia and Peru. Congress specifically allocated $36 million toward the purchase of three "Black Hawk" helicopters and $14 million to upgrade UH-1H "Huey" helicopters for the Colombian National Police, with the stipulation that these aircraft are to be used solely for drug control purposes.

Increasingly, military aid programs have been authorized and funded through the Department of Defense budget--principally under the rubric of counter-narcotics efforts. The National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 1998 (H.R.1119, Public Law 105-85) extended a program established last year to provide $8 million of non-lethal equipment to Mexico for counter-drug activities, allowing the unused funds to carry over into the current year. Mexico also received $28 million in new funds through the Pentagon's $713 million drug interdiction program. Hundreds of Mexican soldiers and police have trained through this program, in addition to those trained under the IMET program.

The U.S. administration approved $19.8 billion in exports of military equipment to more than 140 countries in FY 1997. This figure--which combines the value of government-negotiated contracts signed with the value of export licenses approved--continues a downward trend since new sales peaked in the early 1990s. (Deliveries, however, are at record levels, with over $19 billion of arms shipped through FMS in FY 1997.)

Government-to-government contracts, negotiated through the Pentagon's Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program, held fairly steady at $8.8 billion in new agreements. Egypt was the largest customer, contracting for over $1 billion of arms in FY 1997. South Korea and Saudi Arabia were also major FMS buyers. The U.S. government sold $62 million of weapons to regional security organizations and the United Nations, and $610 million of "classified" arms sales were made.

The State Department approved an additional $11 billion worth of export licenses for direct commercial sales (DCS) negotiated by U.S. arms corporations and foreign buyers. The DCS figures do not necessarily represent final deals (as do the FMS figures), but they do indicate official permission for the sales to go forward. The State Department has estimated in the past that about half of the export licenses eventually result in actual exports.

During 1997, the Clinton administration notified Congress of the following proposed government-negotiated Foreign Military Sales (FMS) agreements, export licenses for industry-negotiated Direct Commercial Sales (DCS), leases of equipment, and reduced price or free excess defense article (EDA) transfers to developing countries.

This list is not complete. The Arms Export Control Act requires only that the administration notify Congress of FMS and DCS valued at $14 million or more. Sales below that threshold are not recorded here.

Congress has 30 days to stop proposed FMS agreements and DCS licenses from going forward (15 days for NATO members and major non-NATO allies). To block a sale, a two-thirds majority in both houses of Congress must pass a resolution of disapproval. None of the following sales were challenged.

Recipient	Notice to Congress	Description of Articles and Services	Transfer Type	Managed By	Estimated Cost
Algeria	29 May 97	Six aircraft equipped with U.S.-origin defense articles to Canada for integration and then re-export to Algeria	DCS	State Dept	>$50 million
Argentina	15 Jan 97	Eight A-4F/TA-4J "Skyhawk" attack aircraft	EDA	Air Force	free
	18 Feb 97	.38 caliber pistols	EDA	Army	free
	25 Mar 97	Three Bell Textron UH-1H "Huey" util. helicopters	EDA	Army	free
	3 Apr 97	Spare parts for Grumman OV-1D "Mohawk" reconnaissance and surveillance aircraft	EDA	Air Force	free
	2 Sept 97	Twelve Bell Textron UH-1H "Huey" util. helicopters	EDA	Army	free
	11 Dec 97	One P-3B "Orion" patrol aircraft	EDA	Navy	free
Bahrain	10 Mar 97	Propelling charges for M20 155mm rocket launchers	EDA	Army	free
	14 May 97	18 Alliant Techsystems MK 46 torpedoes	EDA	Navy	free
	24 June 97	65 M239 Smoke grenade launchers, 65 M85 machine guns, grenades, and ammunition	EDA	Army	free
	8 July 97	20 Lockheed Martin F-16A/B fighter jets with Mid-Life Update modification kits or 10 F-16C/D jets; Pratt-Whitney 220E engine upgrade or General Electric 110 engines; spares	FMS	Air Force	$303 million
Bangladesh	16 July 97	Four C-130 troop/cargo transport planes	EDA	Air Force	free
Bosnia-Herz	4 Apr 97	261 M114A2 towed howitzers	EDA	Army	free
	31 May 97	45 M60A3 tanks; 80 M113A2 armored personnel carriers; 41,100 M16A1 rifles; 1000 M60 machine guns; 80 M2 .50 caliber machine guns; 45 M85 machine guns; 45 M240 machine guns; 17,000,000 rounds, 5.56mm ball ammo (M16); 2,000,000 rounds, 5.56mm blank ammo (M16); 2,000,000 rounds, 7.62mm 4in1 ammo; 285,110 rounds, .50 caliber ammo; 840 light anti-tank weapons (AT-4); 10,618 rounds, tank ammo; 2,000 rounds, smoke grenades for armored vehicles; and radios, batteries, binoculars, support equipment	Draw down	Army	free
	26 June 97	Ammunition	EDA	Army	free
	25 July 97	Services to aid the development of a formal structure for civilian control of the military, tactics training to improve deterrence capability and territory defense	DCS	State Dept	>$14 million
Botswana	17 June 97	100,000 rounds of M246 20mm ammunition	EDA	Army	free
	11 July 97	Re-transfer 5 CF-5 "Freedom Fighter" jets from Canada	DCS	State Dept	>$14 million
	16 Oct 97	One C-130B cargo aircraft	EDA	Air Force	free
Brazil	8 Apr 97	Newport-class tank landing ship and equipment, 5 years	lease	Navy	$47,616/month
	21 Apr 97	Hunley-class submarine support ship	EDA	Navy	$2.8 million
	17 July 97	Four S-70A-36 helicopters, support and spares	DCS	State Dept	>$14 million
Brunei	6 Mar 97	One S-70A helicopter with External Stores Support Sys.	DCS	State Dept	>$14 million
Chile	15 Jan 97	O-2A "Skymaster" reconnaissance aircraft	EDA	Air Force	?
	21 Apr 97	Kaiser-class fleet oiling ship	EDA	Navy	$12.1 million
	18 June 97	Newport-class tank landing ship and equipment, 2 years	lease	Navy	$47,823/month
	18 Nov 97	Vulcan air defense systems and ammunition	EDA	Navy	free
	8 Dec 97	Two TH-57A "Sea Ranger" utility helicopters	EDA	Navy	free
Colombia	10 July 97	Three OV-10A "Bronco" reconnaissance aircraft	EDA	Navy	free
	1 Oct 97	2 Point-class patrol boats, 1 Balsam-class buoy tender	EDA	Navy	free
Czech Rep.	26 June 97	Boeing avionics suite and cockpit procedures and trainer a for the L-159 aircraft program	DCS	State Dept	>$50 million
	30 Sept 97	353 tank transmissions	DCS	State Dept	>$50 million
Egypt	12 Mar 97	Lots of ammunition	EDA	Army	free
	21 Apr 97	Two Knox-class frigates, to be sold as logistics assets only; 2 Knox-class frigates; 2 Perry-class frigates	EDA	Navy	$133.6 million
	26 June 97	Three Kaman SH-2 "Seasprite" anti-submarine helos	EDA	Navy	free
	3 Sept 97	Four Boeing CH-47D "Chinook" helicopters and parts	FMS	Army	$149 million
	3 Sept 97	84 Alliant Tech MK-46 torpedoes with containers, MK-85 exercise heads, warheads, training, support, parts	FMS	Navy	$32 million
	3 Sept 97	32 McDonnell Douglas AGM-84G (Block 1G) "Harpoon" missiles with containers, training, equipment	FMS	Navy	$51 million
	3 Sept 97	Medical equipment, training, support	FMS	Army	$100 million
	29 Oct 97	14 Lockheed Martin mobile Advanced Gunnery Training Systems, spares, support, and training	FMS	Army	$23 million
	10 Nov 97	50 M88A2 recovery vehicle kits, 53 M2 machine guns, 100 AN/PVS-7B night visions goggles, spare parts	FMS	Army	$197.9 million
FYROM	6 Nov 97	36 105mm howitzers with ammunition	EDA	Army	free
Greece	14 May 97	Six M577A2 command post carriers	EDA	Army	free
	24 July 97	One MK 60 MOD 6 guided missile training round, P-3 mobile maintenance facility; support and electronic warfare equipment	EDA	Navy	free
		Three Adams-class guided missile destroyers with equipment, 2 Knox-class frigates with equipment	lease	Navy	free
	9 Oct 97	20 McDonnell Douglas "Harpoon" surface launch missiles and missile containers	FMS	Navy	$35 million
	10 Oct 97	90 Hughes AIM-120B Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missiles (AMRAAM), missile containers, and support	FMS	Air Force	$42 million
	31 Oct 97	AGM-65A and AGM-65B TV, AGM-65G IR, and AGM-65H TV Upgrade Maverick Weapons System for integration into the Hellenic Air Force Command's F-16, A-7, and F-4 aircraft	DCS	State Dept	>$50 million
	10 Nov 97	Seven Boeing CH-47D "Chinook" helicopters with 28 M60 and 8 M2 machine guns, chaff, radar, spares	FMS	Air Force	$376 million
		30 Lockheed Martin Army Tactical Missiles (ATACMS) and launch assemblies	FMS	Air Force	$31 million
Indonesia	20 Mar 97	16 APG-66H radars, spare parts and support equipment	DCS	State Dept	>$14 million
Israel	2 Jan 97	Ground equipment for "Hawk" air-defense missiles	EDA	Army	free
	6 Feb 97	Electronic Support Measures system and Mission Radar System for the United Kingdom's Replacement Maritime Patrol Aircraft	DCS	State Dept	>$14 million
	2 Apr 97	15 Sikorsky UH-60L "Blackhawk" transport/attack helicopters; 30 GE turbine engines; spare parts	FMS	Army	$200 million
	21 Apr 97	Newport-class tank landing ship	EDA	Navy	$2.6 million
	11 June 97	98,745 M107 155mm high explosive projectiles	FMS	Army	$30 million
	24 June 97	Nine Pratt and Whitney F100-PW-229 engines, spares parts	DCS	State Dept	>$14 million
	26 June 97	Miscellaneous support equipment	EDA	DSAA	free
	11 Sept 97	Radios and miscellaneous support equipment	EDA	Army	free
	30 Sept 97	70 tank engines	DCS	State Dept	>$14 million
	20 Oct 97	301 Lockheed Martin Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) tactical rocket pods and related support	FMS	Army	$30 million
	6 Nov 97	Technical data for the manufacture of conformal fuel tanks for use by the U.S.	DCS	State Dept	>$14 million
	18 Nov 97	M16 rifles and ammunition	EDA	Army	free
	23 Dec 97	45 AGM-142D air-to-ground missiles, containers, spares	FMS	Army	$41,000,000
Jordan	5 Mar 97	300 Vulcan Air Defense Systems	EDA	Army	free
	1 Apr 97	Lots of ammunition	EDA	Army	free
Korea	11 June 97	1,065 Hughes "Stinger" RMP missiles less reprogrammable modules, 213 gripstock control group guided missile launchers, made by Hughes; onterrogator friend or foe systems; spares	FMS	Army	$307 million
	19 June 97	Upgrade of 190 Lockheed Martin Multiple Launch Rocket Systems previously sold to extended-range version	FMS	Army	$29 million
	3 Sept 97	200 Hughes "Stinger" RMP missiles less reprogrammable modules, 48 fly-to-buy "Stinger" missiles, 40 weapons rounds, 40 gripstock launchers, "friend or foe" night sights, support	FMS	Army	$45 million
	3 Sept 97	Four Boeing E-767 Airborne Warning and Control Systems (AWACS), parts, support	FMS	Air Force	$3 billion
	24 Sept 97	Kaiser-class fleet oiler	lease	Navy	?
	9 Oct 97	Co-development of training aircraft for Korean forces	DCS	State Dept	>$50 million
	10 Oct 97	159 Hughes/Raytheon Aim-120B Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missiles (AMRAAM), containers, spares, support	FMS	Air Force	$90 million
	20 Oct 97	One Lockheed Martin MK 41 vertical launch system for installation on new frigate, weapon direction system, transmitter, canisters, support	FMS	Navy	$90 million
	21 Oct 97	20 AN/ALQ-165 Airborne Self Protection Jammers	DCS	State Dept	>$50 million
	10 Nov 97	Three MK 41 Vertical Launch System, 144 MK 13 MOD 0 canisters, equipment, support	FMS	Navy	$109 million
	13 Nov 97	Spare parts under a cooperative logistics supply support arrangement for F-4D/E, RF-4C, F-5A/B/E/F, RF-5A, A/T-37, F-16C/D, and C-130H aircraft; AN/FPS-117 and AN/FRN-45 radar systems; and AIM-7 and AIM-9 missile components	FMS	Air Force	$160 million
	21 Nov 97	Tracked landing vehicle spare parts	EDA	Army	$689,772
Kuwait	8 Sept 97	16 McDonnell Douglas AH-64D APACHE attack helicopters, 384 Lockheed Martin HELLFIRE missiles (including 24 training and 50 dummy missiles), two spare launchers, four spare T-700 General Electric engines, spares, support	FMS	Army	$800 million
	29 Oct 97	70 Pandur 6x6 Light Armored Vehicles	DCS	State Dept	>$50 million
Latvia	6 Nov 97	Miscellaneous equipment	EDA	DSAA	free
Lebanon	29 Aug 97	Radios	EDA	Army	free
	3 Dec 97	27 cargo trucks, 18 M548A1 tracked cargo carriers, and 5 M578 armored recovery vehicles	EDA	Army	$776,035
Lithuania	7 July 97	200 M16A1 assault rifles	EDA	Army	free
	6 Nov 97	Miscellaneous equipment	EDA	DSAA	free
Malaysia	21 Apr 97	"Newport"-class tank landing ship	EDA	Navy	$2.6 million
	8 May 97	Two Sikorsky S-70A helicopters with external stores support system, countermeasure equipment, spares	DCS	State Dept	>$14 million
Mexico	21 Apr 97	Knox-class frigate, to be sold as a logistics asset only	EDA	Navy	$1.9 million
	16 June 97	133,695 rounds, 20mm ammunition	EDA	Army	free
	21 Nov 97	Auxiliary ocean construction platform vessel	EDA	Navy	$215,000
Morocco	5 Mar 97	Two "Vulcan" air defense systems	EDA	Air Force	free
	12 Mar 97	Lots of ammunition	EDA	Army	free
	1 Apr 97	Lots of ammunition	EDA	Army	free
	20 May 97	Seven M60A1 tanks, 849 M85 machine guns	EDA	Army	free
	29 July 97	30 M 578 armored recovery vehicles	EDA	Army	free
	1 Aug 97	20mm ammunition	EDA	Navy (?)	Free
	6 Nov 97	20 AN/TPQ-32 radar sets	EDA	Air Force	free
	6 Nov 97	Miscellaneous equipment	EDA	DSAA	free
	19 Dec 97	M60A1 tank spare parts	EDA	DSAA	free
Oman	28 Jan 97	Three M728 combat engineering vehicles; 30 M35A2C two- ton cargo trucks; 10 Bell Textron UH-1H "Huey" helicopters	EDA	Army	free
Phillippines	10 Apr 97	13 CF-5 "Freedom Fighter" fighter/bomber aircraft	DCS	State Dept	>$14 million
Romania	21 Oct 97	Five FPS-117 long-range radar systems	DCS	State Dept	>$50 million
Saudi Arabia	20 June 97	Technical data and assistance for F-5 aircraft program	DCS	State Dept	>$50 million
	27 June 97	15 M577A2 tracked command post carriers	EDA	Army	$969,390
	11 July 97	Maintenance and construction in support of previously sold Airborne Warning and Control Systems (AWACS), and KE-3 aerial refueling tankers. Boeing is the prime contractor.	FMS	Air Force	$300 million
	22 July 97	130 90mm Turret Weapon Systems for integration into Light Armored Vehicles, chassis upgrades, 130 M240 machine guns, 130 M2 .50 caliber machine guns, 169,490 rounds of 90mm ammunition, spares, support. The prime contractor is GM Canada, with Cockerill Mechanical Industries as subcontractor.	FMS	Army	$1.075 billion
		465 AN/VRC-90, 355 AN/VRC-92 and 404 AN/VRC-119 radios, 42 RT-1702C receiver transmitter, high frequency radios, installation kits, spares, and support. Principal contractors are ITT and Harris Corporation.	FMS	Army	$53 million
	9 Nov 97	Installation of modified bomb racks on F-15S aircraft	FMS	Air Force	$12.5 million
	4 Dec 97	Training, operation and maintenance of "Peace Shield" air defense command, control and communication system	DCS	State Dept	>$50,000,000
Singapore	10 Mar 97	Equipment for "Hawk" Phase II air defense system	EDA	DSAA	$66,565
	21 Oct 97	Twelve Lockheed Martin F-16C/D fighter aircraft, support equipment, spares, training	DCS	State Dept	$350 million
	6 Nov 97	Ten Boeing CH-47SD helicopters, spares, flight simulator	DCS	State Dept	>$14 million
	12 Nov 97	Services and support for F-16C/D aircraft, 12 M61A1 20mm guns, modification kits, maintenance, training, equipment	FMS	Air Force	$287 million
Slovakia	17 Oct 97	Radios	EDA	Army	free
Taiwan	14 Feb 97	54 McDonnell Douglas "Harpoon" ship-to-ship missiles	FMS	Navy	$95 million
	25 Feb 97	Improved Radar Warning Receiver (IRWR) Production Systems, associated support equipment, spares	DCS	State Dept	>$14 million
	1 Apr 97	Upgrade of previously sold 114 SM-1 Block VIA "Standard" missiles to 114 SM-1 Block VIB	FMS	Navy	?
	10 Apr 97	Newport-class tank landing ship and equipment, 2 years	lease	Navy	$3,048,336
	21 Apr 97	Two Knox-class frigates, to be sold as logistics assets	EDA	Navy	$4.5 million
	7 May 97	Gun mount, barrel, power panel for the 5"/54 naval gun	EDA	Navy	$88,813
	23 May 97	1,786 TOW 2A anti-armor guided missiles and 114 TOW launchers, made by Hughes Aircraft Co.; 100 M1045A2 High Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Vehicles trucks, spare parts, program support	FMS	Army	$80 million
	18 June 97	Excess Knox-class training devices	EDA	Navy	$27,400
	24 July 97	21 Bell Textron AH-1W "Super Cobra" attack helicopters, spares, training, and support	FMS	Army	$479 million
	3 Sept 97	13 Bell OH-58D "Kiowa Warrior" armed scout helicopters, 13 engines, 13 "Hellfire" rocket launchers, rockets, ammo	FMS	Army	$172 million
	10 Nov 97	Continuation of pilot training program and logistical support for F-16 aircraft, including parts, fuels, support	FMS	Air Force	$280 million
	10 Nov 97	Spare parts for F-5B/E/F, F-104, F-16, C-130, C-119, C-47, and T-38 aircraft and for U.S. systems and sub-systems in the "Indigenous Defense Fighter" aircraft	FMS	Air Force	$140 million
	24 Nov 97	Three Knox-class frigates and associated equipment	lease	Navy	?
Thailand	21 Apr 97	One Newport-class tank landing ship	EDA	Navy	$2.5 million
	11 June 97	107 M60A3 tanks with 105mm guns and tank thermal sight capability, overhaul and upgrade of the tanks, 107 .50 caliber and 7.62mm machine guns, engines with containers, radios, support equipment	FMS	Army	$100 million
	9 July 97	37,500 Fabrique Nationale M16A2 rifles, 4,700 M4 carbines, 2,600 M203 grenade launchers, bayonets, spare parts	FMS	Army	$40 million
	9 Sept 97	Ten SH-2F helicopters	EDA	Army	free
Tunisia	12 Mar 97	Lots of ammunition	EDA	Army	free
	20 May 97	23 M35A2 two ton trucks and 4 M728 engineer vehicles	EDA	Army	free
	6 Nov 97	Miscellaneous equipment	EDA	Army	free
	6 Nov 97	40 M2 machine guns	EDA	Army	free
Turkey	14 May 97	58 ASROC rocket motors and containers	EDA	Navy	free
	2 June 97	Nine KC-135R in-flight refueling booms, 3 year	lease	Air Force	$98,614
	23 July 97	Four S70B "Sea Hawk" helos, spare parts, ground support	DCS	State Dept	>$14 million
	24 July 97	Three "Knox"-class frigates and associated equipment	lease	Navy	?
		Two "Perry"-class frigates and 75 STANDARD missiles*	EDA	Navy	free
		300 rounds of 40mm high explosives and 24,000 rounds of 20mm ammunition, preparation of three "Perry"-class frigates for transfer to Turkey*, spares	FMS	Navy	$75 million
	9 Oct 97	20 Lockheed Martin Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared for Night (LANTIRN) Targeting Pods (for F-16s)	DCS	State Dept	>$50 million
	10 Oct 97	138 Hughes/Raytheon AIM-120B Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missiles (AMRAAM), 120 LAU-129A/A launchers	FMS	Air Force	$62 million
	29 Oct 97	HAWK Phase II equipment	EDA	Army	free
	10 Nov 97	Four Hughes AN/TPQ-36(V)9 FIREFINDER radar sets with support equipment, spares, and program support	FMS	Air Force	$26 million
U.A.E.	24 July 97	24 McDonnell Douglas-made RGM-84G-4 "Harpoon" anti-ship missiles with containers, training, spare parts	FMS	Navy	$90 million
		72 Raytheon/Hughes RIM-7M "Seasparrow" ship-launched anti-aircraft missiles, containers, spare parts	FMS	Navy	$27 million
Venezuela	16 May 97	2 AN/ALR-69 Radar Warning Receivers, 2 years	lease	Air Force	$11,016
	28 May 97	Twelve AN/ALR-69 Radar Warning Receivers, 2 years	lease	Air Force	$77,349
Various countries	2 Oct 97	Drawdown of defense articles and services for counternarcotics assistance to Colombia, Venezuela, Peru and the countries of the Eastern Caribbean Regional Security System; Spare helicopter parts to Colombia	Drawdown	various	$20,000,000

*First notified of this EDA transfer in March 1996, Congress held it up until July 1997 on arms control grounds. Sources: Federal Register, House International Relations Committee, Excess Defense Articles Bulletin Board

The Anti-Drug Effort in the Americas: A Mid-Term Report (hearing before the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere, House International Relations Committee, 16 July 1997), Washington: U.S. GPO, 1997.

Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1989-1996, Congressional Research Service (Report 97-778F), 13 August 1997.

Conventional Arms Transfers to Latin America: U.S. Policy, Congressional Research Service (Report 97-512F), 5 August 1997.

Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1997, U.S. Department of State, Washington: U.S. GPO, 1998. (www.state.gov/www/global/human_rights/ 1997_hrp_report/)

Defense Export Loan Guarantee Program (DELG), Congressional Research Service (Report 97-948F), 20 October 1997.

The DISAM Journal of International Security Assistance Management, Vol. 20, Nos. 1-2 (Fall 1997, Winter 1997-98), Washington: U.S. GPO, 1997.

Foreign Military Sales Administrative Surcharge Fund, Audit Report, Inspector General, Department of Defense (Report No. 97-227), 30 September 1997.

The Future of the Export Administration Act (hearing before the Subcomm. on International Economic Policy and Trade, House Internat'l Rel. Comm., 13 May 1997), Washington: U.S. GPO, 1997.

International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (1997), Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC, March 1998. (www.state.gov/www/global/narcotics_law/1997_narc_report/index.html)

Landmines: Basic Facts and Congressional Concerns, Congressional Research Service (Report 96-362F), 27 October 1997.

Military Requirements and Costs of NATO Enlargement, Department of Defense Report to Congress, Feb. 1998 (www.defenselink.mil/pubs/nato/).

NATO: Alliance Expansion, Partnership for Peace, and U.S. Security Assistance, Congressional Research Service (Report 97-531F), 9 May 1997.

The Proliferation Primer (a report by the Republican staff of the Sucom. on International Security, Proliferation and Federal Services, Senate Comm. on Governmental Affairs) Washington: U.S. GPO, January 1998.

Proliferation and U.S. Export Controls (Senate Hearing 105-238, before the Subcom. on International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services, Senate Comm. on Governmental Affairs, 11 June 1997), Washington: U.S. GPO, 1997.

Technology Transfer Under the F-15I Program, Audit Report, Inspector General, Department of Defense (Report No. 97-210), 27 August 1997.

The Threat from International Organized Crime and Global Terrorism (hearing before the House International Relations Committee, 1 October 1997), Washington: U.S. GPO, 1997.

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