These pages detail U.S. arms sales, military financing, and grant transfers to Turkey over the past decade.

In fiscal year 1994, the Pentagon signed new Foreign Military Sales (FMS) contracts for $2.2 billion of arms to Turkey. We do not know how much was finalized in direct commercial sales, but we do know that the State Department approved export licenses worth an additional $607.5 million. New sales agreements to Turkey dropped in fiscal year 1995 to $599.1 million in Pentagon contracts and $574.7 million in commercial licenses approved. In fiscal year 1996, $227.3 million in new Pentagon contracts were signed, and the State Department approved another $584.3 million of arms export licenses for Turkey. In fiscal year 1997, the Pentagon signed $339.6 million worth of new contracts, and the State Department approved $403.4 million in commercial licenses. FMS agreements for FY98 were down to $240.5 million.

In terms of deliveries, the DOD shipped Turkey $937 million of weapons in FY94, while the US arms industry shipped an additional $14.8 million. Pentagon shipments to Turkey declined in FY95 to $374 million of DOD sales, while commercial deliveries rose to $162.5 million. Pentagon arms shipments climbed to $482.9 million in FY96, while commercial deliveries were valued at $64 million. Pentagon deliveries shot up in FY97 to $1.17 billion, with $103.9 million of commercial shipments. (** Note: These figures are subject to change as more information on deliveries is made available to the Pentagon and the State Department.)

Much of America's arms supply to Turkey over the past two decades has been on a grant basis.

* Arms imports here means the total dollar value of arms Turkey took delivery of from the United States through the Foreign Military Sales (government to government) program and through direct commercial sales from industry.

**As of 30 September 1997, Turkey had an outstanding balance of $3.1 billion for military loans from the U.S.

*** FY98 direct commercial sales deliveries are estimated at $201 million.

****FY99 figure includes only direct commercial sales estimated by the State Dept. based on previously issued export licences.

Sources: Defense Security Assistance Agency, Foreign Military Sales Facts, FY89 and FY97; Defense Security Assistance Agency, letter to the Speaker of the House, 31 January 1996, "Section 655 Report" on U.S. arms tranfers: FY 96, 97 and 98, Congressional Presentations Document for Foreign Operations, FY2000.

The Clinton Administration notified Congress of the following proposed government-negotiated Foreign Military Sales (FMS) agreements, export licenses for industry-negotiated Direct Commercial Sales (DCS), leases of equipment, and reduced price or free excess defense article (EDA) transfers to Mexico. The Arms Export Control Act requires only that the administration notify Congress of FMS and DCS valued at $14 million or more. Sales below that threshold are not recorded here. Congress has 30 days to stop proposed FMS agreements or DCS licenses from going forward. To block a sale, a two-thirds majority in both houses of Congress must pass a resolution of disapproval.

Date of Notice	Description of Equipment	Transfer Type	Price
14-Jun-92	10 KC-135R tankers, 6 spare engines, support	FMS	$560 M
03-Feb-94	113 trucks and trailers, various types; 110 M85 machine guns, ammunition; 1314 rounds 105mm ammunition	EDA	$975,802 value
23-Mar-94	10 GRN-19A transponders, 4 GRA-111 control monitors	EDA	$594,000 value
01-Aug-94	500 Raytheon/Loral Sidewinder missiles; Raytheon/Hughes 80 AMRAAM air-to-air missiles; 16 McDonnell Douglas Harpoon anti-ship missiles; spares and support	FMS	$137 M
05-Aug-94	12 Kaman SH-2F ASW helicopters; six spare engines; spares and support	FMS	$115 M
11-Aug-94	270 FMC MLRS rocket pods; spares and support	FMS	$32 M
22-Aug-94	9 refuelling trucks	EDA	free
22-Aug-94	2 T-38 cockpit simulators	EDA	free
13-Sep-94	ASROC launcher; HAGAN trainer; Phalanx maintenance trainer; F-4 spares; 88,000 rounds of 40mm ammunition	EDA	free
07-Oct-94	Spares for McDonnell Douglas RF/F-4E; Northrop T-38; Lockheed C-130, F-16, F-104, T-33, T-37 aircraft; support	FMS	$110 M
25-Jan-95	515 British Aerospace Rapier missiles with 14 launchers	EDA	free
25-Jan-95	130 Raytheon/Ford AIM-7E Sea Sparrow missiles	EDA	free
10-Mar-95	Two Boeing KC-135R tanker aircraft	3 year lease	$9.8 M
22-Mar-95	16 McDonnell Douglas Harpoon anti-ship missiles, support	FMS	$28 M
24-May-95	Guided missile frigates Clifton Sprague (FFG-16), Antrim (FFG-20) and Flatley (FFG-21)	EDA	free
01-Dec-95	120 Loral Army Tactical Missile Systems (ATACMS), spares and support	FMS	$132 M
29-Mar-96	75 SM-1 Standard anti-aircraft missiles	EDA	free
29-Mar-96	2 Perry-class frigates	EDA	free
23-Apr-96	523 BLU-107 Durandal anti-runway munitions	EDA	free
17-May-96	209 external fuel tanks and pylons for F-16 aircraft	lease	free
21-May-96	Spare parts for C-130, RF/F-4E, RF/F-5, F-104, T-33, T-37 and T-38 aircraft	FMS	$80 M
10-Sep-96	Logistical support, spare parts, upgrades for F-16 fighters	FMS	$125 M
30-Sep-96	30 M85 machine guns	EDA	free
08-Oct-96	Ship spare parts	EDA	free
06-Feb-97	Manufacturing license agreement for Rockwell to provide design details, test results, and production methods to Turkey for manufacture of the Ranger 2000	DCS	?
14-May-97	58 ASROC rocket motors and containers	EDA	free
02-Jun-97	Nine KC-135R in-flight refueling booms, 3 year	lease	$98,614
23-Jul-97	Four S70B "Sea Hawk" helos, spare parts, ground support	DCS	>$14 million
24-Jul-97	Three "Knox"-class frigates and associated equipment	lease	?
24-Jul-97	Two "Perry"-class frigates and 75 STANDARD missiles	EDA	free
24-Jul-97	300 rounds of 40mm high explosives and 24,000 rounds of20mm ammunition, preparation of three "Perry"-class frigates for transfer to Turkey, spares	FMS	$75 million
09-Oct-97	20 Lockheed Martin Low Altitude Navigation andTargeting Infrared for Night (LANTIRN) Targeting Pods (for F-16s)	DCS	>$50 million
10-Oct-97	138 Hughes/Raytheon AIM-120B Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missiles (AMRAAM), 120 LAU-129A/A launchers	FMS	$62 million
29-Oct-97	HAWK Phase II equipment	EDA	free
10-Nov-97	Four Hughes AN/TPQ-36(V)9 FIREFINDER radar sets with support equipment, spares, and program support	FMS	$26 million
04-Mar-98	24 M110 8-inch howitzers and M578 armored recovery vehicles	EDA	free
28-Apr-98	licensed production	DCS	?
11-May-98	licensed production of Low-Cost Thermal Imagers	DCS	?
18-May-98	30 Harpoon missiles and other defense articles and services	FMS	$43 million
04-Jun-98	licensed production of Paveway II laser guided bomb	DCS	?
31-Aug-98		EDA	sale
16-Sep-98	USS THOMAS C. HART (FF 1092) frigate and associated equipment	lease	$8,061,818
16-Sep-98	USS DONALD BEARY (FF 1085) frigate and associated equipment	lease	$7,125,619
21-Sep-98	Four A70B SEAHAWK helicopters, spare parts, ground support equipment and logistical support	DCS	14,000,000 or more
01-Oct-98	Fifty S-70 Black Hawk utility helicopters	?	$500 million
19-Oct-98	manufacturing license agreement	DCS
16-Nov-98	Three FFG-7 PERRY class frigates and eight currently leased FF 1052 KNOX class frigates, also ammunition and support.	FMS	$205,000,000
16-Nov-98		EDA	free

Last Updated: December 21, 1998