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S 2566 IS

109th CONGRESS

2d Session

S. 2566

To provide for coordination of proliferation interdiction activities and conventional arms disarmament, and for other purposes.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

April 6, 2006

Mr. LUGAR (for himself and Mr. OBAMA) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations

A BILL

To provide for coordination of proliferation interdiction activities and conventional arms disarmament, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the `Cooperative Proliferation Detection, Interdiction Assistance, and Conventional Threat Reduction Act of 2006'.

TITLE I--PROLIFERATION ASSISTANCE COORDINATION

SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE.

This title may be cited as the `Cooperative Proliferation Detection and Interdiction Assistance Act of 2006'.

SEC. 102. FINDINGS.

Congress makes the following findings:

(1) On May 31, 2003, at Wawel Royal Castle, Krakow, Poland, the United States and its allies announced a new effort to fight proliferation called the Proliferation Security Initiative. The Proliferation Security Initiative enhances cooperation among states employing legal means to search planes and ships carrying suspect cargo and to seize illegal weapons or missile technologies to keep the world's most destructive weapons away from our shores and out of the hands of our common enemies.

(2) Since its inception in 2003, more than 70 countries have participated in or provided support for the Proliferation Security Initiative.

(3) The Proliferation Security Initiative has led to the negotiation of bilateral ship boarding agreements designed to facilitate the interdiction of weapons of mass destruction and related materials and means of delivery.

(4) Security Council Resolution 1540, adopted unanimously by the United Nations Security Council on April 28, 2004, calls on all countries to take cooperative action to prevent trafficking in weapons of mass destruction, related materials, and means of delivery and dual-use items of proliferation concern.

(5) Security Council Resolution 1540 provides a basis for developing an internationally accepted practice regarding criminalization of the trafficking of weapons of mass destruction, related materials and means of delivery.

(6) The Report of the United Nations Secretary General's High Level Panel on Threats, Challenges, and Change, dated September 23, 2003, found that `[r]ecent experience of the activities of the A.Q. Khan network has demonstrated the need for and the value of measures taken to interdict the illicit and clandestine trade in components for nuclear programs'.

(7) The Report also welcomes `the voluntary Proliferation Security Initiative, under which more and more states are cooperating to prevent illicit trafficking in nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons'.

(8) There have been a number of air, land, and sea interdiction training exercises conducted under the Proliferation Security Initiative.

(9) The United States provides foreign assistance to many countries participating in the Proliferation Security Initiative, including the following types of assistance:

(A) International narcotics control under chapter 8 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2291 et seq.).

(B) Border control assistance under section 499C of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2296c).

(C) Military assistance, education, and training under chapters 2, 3, and 5 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2291 et seq.).

(D) Antiterrorism assistance under chapter 8 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2291 et seq.).

(E) Nonproliferation and export control assistance under chapter 9 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2934bb et seq.).

(F) Activities carried out under sections 503 and 504 of the FREEDOM Support Act (22 U.S.C. 5853 and 5854).

(10) Many countries participating in the Proliferation Security Initiative also are provided defense articles and services and foreign military sales under the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.), a purpose of which, as specified in section 4 of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2754), is to prevent or hinder the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and the means of delivering such weapons.

(11) Congress has specifically authorized the President to provide countries with proliferation interdiction assistance under chapter 9 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2394bb et seq.), which provides that--

(A) the President should ensure that not less than 1/4 of the assistance provided under such chapter is expended for the purpose of enhancing the capabilities of friendly countries to detect and interdict proliferation-related shipments of cargo that originate from, and are destined for, other countries; and

(B) priority should be given to any friendly country that has been determined by the Secretary of State to be a country frequently transited by proliferation-related shipments of cargo.

(12) Many executive agencies and departments currently furnish assistance to nations participating in the Proliferation Security Initiative, including the following:

(A) Nunn-Lugar/Cooperative Threat Reduction programs carried out under the Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991 (title II of Public Law 102-228; 22 U.S.C. 2551 note) and the Cooperative Threat Reduction Act of 1993 (title XII of Public Law 103-160; 22 U.S.C. 5951 note).

(B) Ongoing programs and activities of the Department of Energy authorized under subtitle C of title XXXI of division C of the Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2005 (Public Law 108-375).

(C) Other programs assisting friendly foreign countries in law enforcement, regulatory, and operational capabilities to enhance the potential of such countries in interdicting weapons of mass destruction, related materials and means of delivery, and any dual-use items of proliferation concern.

(13) While statutory authority exists to assist friendly foreign countries in meeting the threat posed by the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, related materials and means of delivery, and dual-use items of proliferation concern, mechanisms for coordinating within the executive branch programs and assistance implemented under those authorities should be employed fully in order to ensure the most effective use of United States assistance to train and equip friendly foreign countries to deal with this threat.

SEC. 103. PROLIFERATION INTERDICTION SUPPORT PROGRAM.

(a) Program- Consistent with section 583 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2349bb-2), as amended by subsection (c), the President is authorized to carry out a program to provide assistance to friendly foreign countries for proliferation detection and interdiction activities and for developing complementary capabilities.

(b) Report on Existing Proliferation Detection and Interdiction Assistance-

(1) REPORT REQUIRED- Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives a report on proliferation and interdiction assistance.

(2) CONTENT- The report required under paragraph (1) shall--

(A) specify in detail, including program cost, on a country-by-country basis, the assistance being provided by the Department of State to train and equip personnel in friendly foreign countries in the detection and interdiction of proliferation-related shipments of weapons of mass destruction, related materials and means of delivery, and dual-use items of proliferation concern; and

(B) specify, on an agency-by-agency basis, funding that is being transferred by the Department of State to other executive agencies to carry out such programs.

(c) Interdiction Assistance Amendments- Section 583 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2349bb-2) is amended--

(1) in subsection (a)--

(A) by striking `should ensure that' and inserting `shall ensure that, beginning in fiscal year 2007,';

(B) by striking `expended' and inserting `obligated'; and

(C) by striking `that originate from, and are destined for, other countries' and inserting `to states and non-state actors of proliferation concern'; and

(2) by adding at the end the following new subsections:

`(c) Cooperative Agreements- In order to promote cooperation regarding the interdiction of weapons of mass destruction and related materials and delivery systems, the President is authorized to conclude agreements, including reciprocal maritime agreements, with other countries to facilitate effective measures to prevent the transportation of such items to states and non-state actors of proliferation concern.

`(d) Determination and Notice to Congress- The Secretary of State shall notify the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives in writing not more than 30 days after making a determination that any friendly country has been determined to be a country eligible for priority consideration of any assistance under subsection (b). Such determination shall set forth the reasons for such determination, and may be submitted in classified and unclassified form, as necessary.'.

(d) Fiscal Year 2007 Assistance- Not less than 1/4 of the amount made available for nonproliferation, anti-terrorism, demining and related programs and activities for fiscal year 2007 shall be made available to establish the program under subsection (a), unless otherwise notified for nonproliferation or counterproliferation purposes pursuant to section 634A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2394-1).

TITLE II--CONVENTIONAL ARMS DISARMAMENT

SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE.

This title may be cited as the `Conventional Arms Disarmament Act of 2006'.

SEC. 202. FINDINGS; SENSE OF CONGRESS.

(a) Findings- Congress makes the following findings:

(1) The global proliferation of man-portable air defense systems (MANPADS) and other conventional weapons, including tactical missile systems, poses a direct threat to the national security of the United States.

(2) The use of MANPADS and other conventional weapons by terrorists and insurgent groups continues to hamper United States efforts to achieve peace and security in Iraq and Afghanistan.

(3) The proliferation of conventional weapons, including tactical missile systems, provides many regimes with a means of income and threatens international peace and security.

(4) The Government Accountability Office has estimated that there are between 500,000 and 750,000 MANPADS in the world.

(5) Many countries that possess stocks of MANPADS and other conventional weapons, including tactical missile systems, no longer require such weapons for their own security or self defense, but do not possess the means for the elimination or safeguarding of such systems.

(6) There is currently no single United States program designed to promote efforts in other countries related to conventional arms threat reduction.

(7) The proliferation of conventional weapons in developing countries that have experienced civil conflict threatens political stability and economic development in those countries and neighboring countries.

(8) Land mines left over from past conflicts continue to pose a humanitarian threat and a barrier to economic development in many countries around the world.

(b) Sense of Congress- It is the sense of Congress that--

(1) where appropriate, the United States Government should provide assistance to countries seeking to secure, remove, or eliminate stocks of MANPADS, other conventional weapons, including tactical missile systems that pose a proliferation threat; and

(2) given the clear links between global networks of terrorism and networks of the illicit trade in conventional weapons, the United States Government should place consistent, broad, and continued emphasis on combating the proliferation of MANPADS and other conventional weapons, including tactical missile systems, within the broader nonproliferation strategy of the United States.

SEC. 203. STATEMENT OF POLICY.

It is the policy of the United States to assist the governments of other countries in safeguarding or eliminating stocks of MANPADS and other conventional weapons, including tactical missile systems, that pose a proliferation, local or regional security, or humanitarian threat.

SEC. 204. GLOBAL PROGRAM FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND ELIMINATION OF CONVENTIONAL ARMS.

(a) In General- The Secretary of State is authorized to carry out an accelerated global program to secure, remove, or eliminate stocks of MANPADS, small arms and light weapons, stockpiled munitions, abandoned ordnance, and other conventional weapons, including tactical missile systems (hereafter in this Act referred to as `MANPADS and other conventional weapons'), as well as related equipment and facilities, that are determined by the Secretary to pose a proliferation threat.

(b) Program Elements- The program authorized under subsection (a) may include the following activities:

(1) Humanitarian demining activities.

(2) Programs for the elimination or securing of MANPADS.

(3) Programs for the elimination or securing of other conventional weapons.

(4) Programs to assist countries in the safe handling and proper storage of MANPADS and other conventional weapons.

(5) Cooperative programs with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and other international organizations to assist countries in the safe handling and proper storage or elimination of MANPADS and other conventional weapons.

(6) The utilization of funds for the elimination or safeguarding of MANPADS and other conventional weapons.

(7) Programs for the security and safeguarding of MANPADS and other conventional weapons.

(8) Actions to ensure that equipment and funds, including security upgrades at locations for the storage or disposition of MANPADS and other conventional weapons and related equipment that are determined by the Secretary of State to pose a proliferation threat, continue to be used for authorized purposes.

SEC. 205. REPORT ON CONVENTIONAL ARMS THREAT REDUCTION.

(a) In General- Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the Committees on Foreign Relations and Appropriations of the Senate and the Committees on International Relations and Appropriations of the House of Representatives a report on conventional arms threat reduction.

(b) Content- The report required under subsection (a) shall include the following information:

(1) A description of prior efforts of the Department of State regarding conventional arms threat reduction.

(2) A description, on a country-by-country basis, of the implementation of a global strategy for the elimination or safeguarding of MANPADS and other conventional weapons, including, to the extent possible, a prioritization of such elimination and safeguarding efforts with respect to the proliferation sensitivity of such weapons in each country and their potential impact on local and regional security.

(3) An evaluation of the extent to which activities under this title and other United States Government programs are integrated to ensure that the conventional arms threat reduction efforts of the United States are consistent with United States policy and goals in countries receiving assistance through such activities.

(4) A description of the scope and nature of other complementary United States programs related to conventional arms threat reduction, including tactical missile systems.

TITLE III--GENERAL AUTHORITIES

SEC. 301. PERMANENT AUTHORITY FOR THE NONPROLIFERATION, ANTI-TERRORISM, DIMINING, AND RELATED PROGRAMS ACCOUNT.

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end of part II the following new chapter:

`CHAPTER 10--AUTHORIZATION FOR NONPROLIFERATION, ANTI-TERRORISM, DEMINING, AND RELATED PROGRAMS.

`SEC. 591. CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNT AUTHORIZATION.

`(a) Authority- The President is authorized to establish a consolidated Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining, and Related Programs Account for the purpose of carrying out nonproliferation, anti-terrorism, demining, and related programs and activities under--

`(1) chapter 8 of part II of this Act;

`(2) chapter 9 of part II of this Act;

`(3) chapter 6 of part II of this Act and section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763) for demining activities, clearance of unexploded ordnance, the destruction of small arms and light weapons, other conventional weapons, associated ammunition, and related activities, except that, notwithstanding any other provision of law, activities may be implemented through nongovernmental and international organizations, and related activities;

`(4) section 504 of the FREEDOM Support Act (22 U.S.C. 5854) for programs under the Nonproliferation and Disarmament Fund to promote bilateral and multilateral activities relating to nonproliferation and disarmament and related activities, notwithstanding any other provision of law, including, when in the national security interests of the United States, assistance for international organizations and countries other than the independent states of the former Soviet Union; and

`(5) section 301 of this Act.'.

SEC. 302. FUNDING ALLOCATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2007.

(a) Authorization of Appropriations- There are authorized to be appropriated to the President for fiscal year 2007 $524,430,000 and such sums as may be necessary for each fiscal year thereafter for the consolidated Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining, and Related Programs authorized by section 591 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as added by section 301, for the purpose of carrying out nonproliferation, anti-terrorism, demining, and related programs and activities.

(b) Specification of Certain Amounts- Of the amount authorized to be appropriated under subsection (a) for fiscal year 2007, the following amounts are authorized to be appropriated for the following purposes:

(1) Not less than $95,050,000 to carry out activities under chapter 9 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2349bb et seq.);

(2) Not less than $33,600,000 to carry out activities under chapter 6 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2349bb et seq.), and section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763), for clearance of unexploded ordnance, the destruction of small arms and light weapons, MANPADS, and other conventional weapons, including tactical missile systems and associated ammunition, and related activities. Such activities may be implemented through nongovernmental and international organizations notwithstanding any other provision of law.

(c) Availability of Funds- Amounts appropriated under subsection (a) are authorized to remain available until September 30, 2008.

(d) Administrative Expenses- There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for administrative expenses related to activities under subsection (b)(2). Such amount shall be in addition to funds otherwise made available for such purposes.

(e) Amounts in Addition to Other Authorized Funds- Amounts authorized to be appropriated under this section and section 301 are in addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes.

END