Proposals for further consideration by the Friend of the Chair on Definitions of Terms and Objective Criteria

ANNEX A. DECLARATIONS

I. LISTS AND CRITERIA (AGENTS AND TOXINS)³⁹

1. The list of agents and toxins following below is for use with [specific measures in particular] accordance with [Article III,] [Article III, section D, subsection I, paragraphs ...] [and section F].

[2. The following criteria were used for developing the list of agents and toxins, [and] when considering the matters whether an agent or toxin should be included in the list they should be taken into account:

The following criteria [in subparagraph (a) and the additional factors in subparagraphs (b) and (c)] were considered in developing the list of agents and toxins and shall be considered, inter alia, in reviewing any proposed modifications to the list:

(a) The potential of individual agents and toxins for use as weapons;

- Agents or toxins known to have been developed, produced or used as weapons;

- Agents or toxins which have severe public health and/or socio-economic effects;

- High morbidity, incapacity and/or mortality rates;

- Low infective/toxic dose;

- High level of transmissibility and/or contagiousness;

- Low effective or cost-effective prophylaxis, protection or treatment available;

- Ease of production and/or dissemination;

- Stability in the environment;

- Short incubation period and/or difficult to diagnose/identify at an early stage.]

[2 bis The following criteria [in subparagraph (a) and the additional factors in subparagraphs (b) and (c)] were considered in developing the list of agents and toxins and shall be considered, inter alia, in reviewing any proposed modifications to the list:

(a) The potential of individual agents and toxins for use as weapons;

[For example, whether they are known to have been developed, produced, stockpiled or used as weapons; would have severe adverse socio-economic and/or public health effects; are difficult to diagnose and identify; have short incubation and high morbidity, incapacity and/or mortality rates; have a lack or limited availability of effective and economical prophylaxis and/or treatment; have a low infective or toxic dose; are easily produced and/or disseminated; are stable in the environment; and/or are highly contagious or easily transmissible.]

[In reviewing the list of agents and toxins the Executive Council shall consider, inter alia, the above-mentioned criteria as well as the following factors:]

(b) Scientific and technological developments that may affect the potential of individual agents or toxins for use as weapons;

(c) Effects of potential inclusion or exclusion of an agent or toxin in the list on scientific and technical research and development.]⁴⁰

[REVISION OF THE LIST]

3. Any State Party may propose modifications to the list. The Executive Council shall review such proposed modifications to the list of agents and toxins. Any changes to the list shall be made in accordance with Article[(s) III and] XIV.⁴¹

4. The list is not exhaustive, it does not exclude the relevance for the Protocol of unlisted microbial or other biological agents or toxins which potentially can be used as weapons [or vectors] [such as pests, arthropods and helminths].

[5. In accordance with Article XI, this list shall not be interpreted as in any way modifying or amending the Convention.]

[6. The microorganisms enumerated in the lists of human, animal and plant pathogens do not include live-attenuated strains which have been registered as such in official culture collections or are internationally recognized as such.]

7. Pathogens causing zoonotic diseases appearing in one section of the list shall also apply to the other sections.

For the purposes of the FOC text only those pathogens contained in brackets are shown below.

A. HUMAN AND ZOONOTIC PATHOGENS

Bacteria

2. [Brucella abortus]

4. [Brucella suis]

[Protozoa

1. Naegleria fowleri

2. Naegleria australiensis]

B. ANIMAL PATHOGENS

Bovine pathogens

1. [Contagious bovine (pleuropneumonia)/Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides]

2. [Foot and mouth disease virus]⁴²

4. [Vesicular stomatitis virus]

Ovine pathogens

5. [Peste des petits ruminants virus]

6. [Blue tongue virus]

Swine pathogens

8. [Classic swine fever virus (Hog cholera virus)]

9. [Teschen disease virus (Porcine enterovirus type 1)]

Avian pathogens

10. [Avian influenza virus (Fowl plague virus)]

11. [Newcastle disease virus]

Equine pathogens

12. [African horse sickness virus]

C. PLANT PATHOGENS

Cereal pathogens

1. [Puccinia graminis]

3. [Claviceps purpurea]

Sugar cane pathogens

4. [Sugar cane Fiji disease virus]

Cash crop pathogens

7. [Erwinia amylovora]

8. [Ralstonia solanacearum]

9. [Xanthomonas campestris pv citri]

10. [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum]

11. [Peronospora hyoscyami de Bary f.sp. tabacina (Adam) skalicky]

Forest pathogens

12. [Dothistroma pini (Scirrhia pini)]

[Thrips palmi Karny Frankliniella occidentalis]⁴³