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3. Airborne Reconnaissance Functional Reference Model and Selected Technology Standards

3.1 FRM Overview

3.2 Front-End Processing Functions

3.2.1 Common Front-End Functions

3.2.1.1 Sensor/Platform Integration Mechanics

3.2.1.2 Sensor Control Functions

3.2.1.3 Special Pre-Processing Functions

3.2.1.4 Mission Recorders

3.2.2 SIGINT Front-End Functions

3.2.2.1 RF Distribution

3.2.2.2 Low and High Band Tuners

3.2.2.3 Set-On Receivers

3.2.2.4 IF Distribution

3.2.2.5 IF Digitizer

3.2.2.6 Sub-Band Tuners/Digitizers/Channelizers

3.2.3 IMINT Front-End Functions

3.2.3.1 Film Cameras

3.2.3.2 Electro-Optical Sensors

3.2.3.3 Infrared Sensors

3.2.3.4 Video Cameras

3.2.3.5 Synthetic Aperture Radars

3.2.3.6 Moving Target Indicator Radar

3.2.3.7 Spectral Sensors

3.2.3.8 Image Quality Standards

3.2.4 MASINT Front-End Functions

3.2.4.1 Chemical/Biological Weapons Sensors

3.2.4.2 Laser Warning Receivers

3.2.4.3 Unattended Ground Sensors

3.2.4.4 Air Sampling

3.2.4.5 Synthetic Aperture Radars

3.2.4.6 Spectral Sensors

3.2.4.7 RF Sensors

3.2.4.7.1 Passive Bistatic Radar

3.2.4.7.2 Foliage Penetration

3.2.4.7.3 Ultra-Wideband

3.2.4.7.4 Non-Cooperative Target Identification

3.3 Navigation, Timing, and Ancillary Data

3.4 Networking Functions

3.4.1 Command and Control Network

3.4.2 High-Speed Data Flow Network

3.4.3 Multimedia Network

3.4.4 Data Link

3.5 High Performance Processing Functions

3.5.1 Digital Signal Processing Functions

3.5.2 System Processing and Control Functions

3.5.3 Encrypted Storage Functions

3.6 Operator Oriented Processing Functions

3.6.1 Operator Workstations

3.6.2 Database Functions

3.6.3 Server Functions

3.6.4 Product Library Functions

3.7 Reporting and Connectivity Functions

3.7.1 Direct Reporting Functions

3.7.2 Operator Reporting Functions

3.7.3 Command and Control Interface Functions

3.7.4 Reach Back / Reach Forward Functions

3.7.5 Multi-Level Guard Functions

3.8 System Planning and Control Functions

3.8.1 Collection Management Interfaces

3.8.2 Mission Planning Functions and Interfaces

3.8.3 Mission Control Functions

3.9 Summary of Technology Standards for the FRM


The airborne reconnaissance functional reference model (FRM) provides a common framework for defining the scope and functional makeup of airborne reconnaissance systems. The FRM is critical for selecting standards and effectively depicting where they must be applied in the overall framework. The FRM is based on the functional model developed by the Joint Airborne SIGINT Architecture (JASA) Working Group and approved by the Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Steering Committee (DARSC). The FRM incorporates additional functions found in IMINT and MASINT systems required to satisfy warfighter requirements, more explicit mission planning and control functions, and expanded functions for integrating airborne reconnaissance with warfighter and other C4I systems (e.g., command and control systems, air tasking, and collection management).


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