0602270A Electronic Warfare (EW) Technology

Mission Description and Budget Item Justification: This program investigates electronic warfare (EW) technologies for current and future systems. The efforts in EW will enable the Army to deny the enemy use of the radio spectrum for command, control, communications and computer intelligence purposes, and provide a decisive advantage to our operational forces against the full range of traditional and non-traditional threat forces. Electronic countermeasures and self protection developments will protect Army forces from a broad range of radio frequency (RF) surveillance/tracking systems and advanced RF/ electro-optical infrared (EOIR) missiles and smart munitions. It also includes development of automated intelligence fusion systems and techniques for managing assets on the battlefield. Work in this program will lead to winning the battlefield information war by controlling the electromagnetic spectrum and conducting successful electronic disruptive/destructive operations inside the enemy decision cycle. Work in this program element is consistent with the resource constrained Army Science and Technology Master Plan (ASTMP), Science and Technology Objectives (STOs) and the Army Modernization Plan, and adheres to Tri-Service Reliance Agreements on electronic warfare. This program includes non-system specific development efforts pointed toward specific military needs and therefore is appropriate to Budget Activity 2. It is related to and fully coordinated with efforts in

PE 0602782A (Command, Control and Communications (C3) Technology), PE 0602709A (Night Vision and Electro-Optics Technology), PE 0603789F (C3 Intelligence Technology Development), PE 0603270A (Electronic Warfare Technology), PE 0604270A (Electronic Warfare Development), and PE 0603745A (Tactical Electronic Support Systems - Advanced Development) in accordance with the ongoing Reliance joint planning process. This program is primarily managed by Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center (CERDEC), Fort Monmouth, NJ.

	COST (In Thousands)	FY 1996 Actual	FY 1997 Estimate	FY 1998 Estimate	FY 1999 Estimate	FY 2000 Estimate	FY 2001 Estimate	FY 2002 Estimate	FY 2003 Estimate	Cost to Complete	Total Cost
A442	Tactical Electronic Warfare Technology	8907	8599	9155	9957	9922	10275	10489	10724	Continuing	Continuing

A. Mission Description and Justification: This project develops electronic warfare sensor and countermeasure (CM) technologies for self protection of air and ground platforms, area protection against radar-directed weapons (i.e., jamming of enemy counter mortar/counter battery radars), and combat surveillance and target acquisition. The following technology areas are investigated:

Infrared (IR) countermeasures (IRCM) - technologies that provide air and ground platforms with the capability to detect and jam heat-seeking surface-to-air missiles and anti-tank guided missiles with active IR sources, or to decoy them with flares or other devices.

Self-protection radar countermeasures/warning - technologies that provide air and ground platforms with warning and jamming against radar-directed air defense weapons, and jamming of top attack/smart munitions/ artillery-delivered radio proximity fuzes.

Laser warning and countermeasures - technologies that provide air and ground platforms with warning and jamming capability against laser-aided and electro-optically-directed threats including laser range finders, laser designators and laser beamrider missiles.

Electronic support (ES) - technologies that provide the capability to intercept, direction find, and locate current and emerging hostile non-communications emitters for targeting and tactical situational awareness.

Area protection radar countermeasures - technologies that provide radar stand-off and stand-in jamming and deception in support of ground forces.

FY 1996 Accomplishments:

	3050	- Demonstrated radio frequency (RF) sensor and electronic attack (EA) modulator with capability to locate, deceive and jam monopulse and phased array radars from UHF through millimeter wave; initiated development of low cost finger-printing for signal sorting and combat identification (ID) assistance.
		- Conducted experiments to pass threat data derived from electronic warfare (EW) self-protection systems to ground vehicles and command posts.
	3601	- Demonstrated missile warning sensor for low observable (LO) platforms; developed gimbal-less beam steering; developed CM to advanced electro-optic-infrared (EOIR) missiles using advanced special seekers.
	2256	Completed the design of the ES/super high frequency (SHF) receiver and demonstrated the advantages over current receivers.
		Initiated the design of an ES signal processor to provide optimal exploitation of radar signals of interest.
		Initiated fabrication of the omni-directional, high gain, multi-band antenna.
		Continued program for advanced countermeasures against advanced special radar systems.
		Continued efforts to target non-conventional sensors to develop "surgical" countermeasures techniques.
Total	8907

FY 1997 Planned Program:

	3043	- Continue development of low cost finger-printing signal sorting, jamming and combat ID assistance; initiate EA testing against bistatic, impulse and low probability of intercept radars; initiate RF countermeasures vs. advanced multi-function munitions/weapons that attack both air and ground vehicles.
		- Develop fiber optic components to remote aircraft and ground vehicle RF antennas and jamming modules as potential upgrades to current EW systems that will increase warning receiver sensitivity, increase jamming signal to noise ratios, improve reliability, and decrease weight.; initiate development of high direction of arrival accuracy laser warning receiver; and conduct tests against advanced phase array radar.
	3327	- Exploit advanced EOIR CM against advanced threat missiles (surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) and anti-tank missiles); techniques will be demonstrated in multi-spectral countermeasures technology demonstration (PE 0603270A/DK16).
	2161	Complete the design of the ES signal processor and demonstrate its performance improvements over currently used processors.
		Demonstrate the omni-directional, high-gain, multiband antenna with the next generation ES/SHF receiver.
		Implement initiative to develop countermeasures to exploit digital radars.
		Continue program for advanced countermeasures against advanced special radar systems.
		Demonstrate efforts to target non-conventional sensors to develop "surgical" countermeasures techniques.
	68	Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer (SBIR/STTR) Programs.
Total	8599

FY 1998 Planned Program:

	3087	- Test low cost finger-printing for signal sorting and targeting assist in the Survivability Integration Laboratory (SIL) and link to Ft. Rucker's aviation testbed for user experiment; complete phased array radar digital model to support ECM development.
	3780	- Initiate development of multispectral sensor for RF and missile warning as a single module that can form, fit and function replace multiple sensors on aircraft and ground vehicles; complete the tri-service work on the digital advanced special IR missile to support the multispectral countermeasures demonstration.
	2288	Continue laboratory demonstrations for the low probability of intercept (LPI) appliqué receiver and the high speed impulse detector to enable common module electronics intelligence system (CMES) to perform rapid detection, characterization and direction finding of low-power impulse emitters.
		Develop test platform for analysis of efforts to ensure compliance with Joint Airborne SIGINT Architecture (JASA) standards.
		Develop a simulation tool for the analysis and effectiveness of technology insertion candidate projects.
		Initiate countermortar counterbattery radar countermeasures program.
		Perform laboratory demonstration of advanced special radar systems countermeasures.
Total	9155

FY 1999 Planned Program:

	3386	- Complete development of the fiber optic remote antenna assembly; integrate into PM-Aviation Electronic Combat (AEC) suite of integrated RF countermeasures testbed for SIL and flight tests. Transition to the Integrated Situation and Countermeasures (ISACM) demonstration.
		Complete precision UHF/MMW precision direction finding, conduct SIL and flight tests, and transition to ISACM; continue development of jamming techniques against bi-static, low probability of intercept (LPI) and impulse radars.
	4082	- Continue multispectral RF and laser warning sensor development; initiate jamming effects ECM against integrated multispectral IR missiles, top attack munitions and advanced anti tank guided missiles (ATGMs); complete development of high direction of arrival accuracy laser warning receiver and conduct test.
	2489	Conduct laboratory demonstrations for the Multiple Spread Spectrum Subreceiver and the Adaptive Matched Filter Receiver to improve the capability of CMES to detect/characterize modern signals in the presence of a heavy conventional signal environment.
		Continue development of the JASA compliant test platform.
		Continue countermortar counterbattery radar countermeasures effort.
		Demonstrate the advanced special countermeasures prototype in the field.
Total	9957

B. Project Change Summary	FY 1996	FY 1997	FY 1998	FY 1999
FY 1997 President's Budget	9023	8783	9078	9498
Appropriated Value	9274	8599
Adjustments to Appropriated Value	-367
FY1998 Pres Bud Request	8907	8599	9155	9957

	COST (In Thousands)	FY 1996 Actual	FY 1997 Estimate	FY 1998 Estimate	FY 1999 Estimate	FY 2000 Estimate	FY 2001 Estimate	FY 2002 Estimate	FY 2003 Estimate	Cost to Complete	Total Cost
A906	Tactical Electronic Warfare Techniques	5744	6911	7373	8194	8166	8460	8639	8825	Continuing	Continuing

A. Mission Description and Justification: This applied research program involves technologies that provide the capability to intercept, direction find (DF) and locate current and emerging threat communications emitters for targeting, tactical situation awareness, and disruption/destruction of enemy command, control and communications (C3) systems. It specifically develops essential electronic attack (EA) components and techniques for advanced jammers and smaller, low power, lightweight, common modules for advanced systems to counter communications associated with modern threat C3 systems. In addition, it will provide the capability to update through remote means the intelligence and electronic warfare common sensor system (IEWCS) with EA algorithms that allow the system to disrupt, deny or destroy threat communication signals. This effort establishes friendly force ownership of the electromagnetic spectrum. This program also involves fusion (automated assimilation and synthesis) of battlefield intelligence data. It specifically involves development and demonstration of fusion technology to automate manpower intensive command and control information from battlefield sensors, enabling friendly commanders to operate inside of the enemy decision cycle. Resultant enhancements will support joint C3 warfare, by denying threat forces access to their own C3 systems and operating within the decision cycle of threat C3 systems that survive.

FY 1996 Accomplishments:

	2650	Continued fabrication of HF antenna technology demonstrator and transformer utilizing high temperature superconducting (HTSC) materials and test functionality .
		Continued analysis of diverse antenna applications against platform requirements for optimization purposes.
		Completed vulnerability assessment of communication radio systems with several complex communication formats.
		Acquired, analyzed and exploited modern tactical communications systems to develop EA strategies and update IEWCS threat system database.
	3094	Completed development of the efficient wideband receiver with the final breadboard configuration of the fast Fourier Transform (FFT) application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) utilizing quadratic residue number system (QRNS).
		Completed development of initial battle damage assessment tools and techniques.
		Completed initial capability for effectively tasking and receiving multi-intelligence sensor data.
		Completed electronic intelligence (ELINT) portion of sensor asset management.
		Completed initial terrain reasoning algorithms.
		Completed initial prototype of correlation and templating tool.
		Continued development of advanced terrain reasoning algorithms.
Total	5744

FY 1997 Planned Program:

	4200	Complete testing of HF antenna technology demonstrator and transformer.
		Acquire, analyze and exploit modern tactical communications systems to develop EA strategies and update IEWCS threat system database.
		Complete full military intelligence (MI) sensor asset management tools and techniques.
		Initiate examination of exploitation techniques for advanced communication networks.
	2711	Complete tools and techniques for airborne asset management capability.
		Complete prototype of advanced terrain reasoning and generic tools for effectively tasking and receiving multi-intelligence sensor data.
		Continue smart agent tool for effectively tasking and receiving multi-intelligence sensor data.
		Investigate advanced communications jamming techniques to be utilized against evolving threat communications systems.
Total	6911

FY 1998 Planned Program:

	3920	Develop laboratory exploitation techniques against wideband commercial communication signals used for military purposes.
		Demonstrate laboratory exploitation capability against low power advanced communication system.
		Develop and test antenna systems supporting commercial communication exploitation effort.
		Initiate the breadboard development of a field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based signal analysis/attack control system (intended for IEWCS upgrade).
	3453	Continue smart agent tools for effectively tasking and receiving multi-intelligence sensor data.
		Continue airborne asset management tools and techniques.
		Continue advanced terrain reasoning tools and techniques and development of SIGINT correlation, templating and associated terrain reasoning tools.
		Execute simulation project to asses incorporating information from airborne survivability equipment with conventional SIGINT assets.
		Begin prediction and assessment tools for electronic attack
Total	7373

FY 1999 Planned Program:

	4928	Port attack algorithms against modern communication signals to the FPGA-based signals analysis control system.
		Initiate countermeasure analysis from a network perspective.
	3266	Complete airborne asset management tools and techniques.
		Complete advanced terrain reasoning tools and techniques.
		Continue SIGINT correlation, templating and associated terrain reasoning tools.
		Continue electronic attack assessment and prediction tools
Total	8194

B. Project Change Summary	FY 1996	FY 1997	FY 1998	FY 1999
FY 1997 President's Budget	5763	7062	7175	8538
Appropriated Value	6037	6911
Adjustments to Appropriated Value	-293
FY1998 Pres Bud Request	5744	6911	7373	8194

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