(U) COST (Dollars in thousands)
| PROJECT NUMBER & TITLE | FY 1996 ACTUAL | FY 1997 ESTIMATE | FY 1998 ESTIMATE | FY 1999 ESTIMATE | FY 2000 ESTIMATE | FY 2001 ESTIMATE | FY 2002 ESTIMATE | FY 2003 ESTIMATE | TO COMPLETE |
TOTAL
PROGRAM |
| N/A Oceanographic and Atmospheric Technology Technology | 57,260 | 73,416 | 48,211 | 58,037 | 60,946 | 52,734 | 53,560 | 54,737 | CONT. | CONT. |
A. (U) MISSION DESCRIPTION AND BUDGET ITEM JUSTIFICATION: This Program Element (PE) provides the fundamental programmatic instrument by which basic environmental research is transformed into technology developments that provide new or enhanced warfare capabilities. This PE also provides environmental technologies that form the general environmental technical base on which all systems development and advanced technology depend. This PE contains the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (Title II, subtitle E, of Public Law 104-201) enacted into law for FY 1997.
(U) Due to the sheer volume of efforts included in this PE, the programs described in the Accomplishments and Plans sections are representative selections of the work included in this PE.
(U) This PE provides for ocean and atmospheric technology developments that contribute to meeting top joint warfare capabilities established by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Major efforts of this PE are devoted to (1) gaining real-time knowledge of the battlefield environment, (2) environmental needs of regional warfare, (3) providing the on-scene commander the capability to exploit the environment to tactical advantage, and (4) atmospheric research related to detection of sea-skimming missiles and strike warfare.
(U) This PE provides environmental support for fleet operations and for current or emerging systems. This PE supports virtually all the Joint Mission Areas/Support Areas with primary emphasis on Joint Littoral Warfare and Joint Strike Warfare. Specifically:
(U) Joint Littoral Warfare efforts address issues in undersea, surface, and air battlespace. Programs include ocean and atmospheric prediction for real-time description of the operational environment, shallow water (SW) acoustics and multiple-influence sensors for undersea surveillance and weapon systems, and environmental influences on mine countermeasure (MCM) systems.
(U) Joint Strike Warfare efforts address issues in air battlespace dominance. Programs include environmental influences on electromagnetic (EM)/electro-optic (EO) systems used in the targeting and detection of missile weapon systems as well as improvements in tactical environmental information management.
(U) These efforts support the Joint Warfare Strategy "Forward...From the Sea." This program adheres to Tri-Service Reliance Agreements on Environmental Sciences with oversight provided by the Joint Directors of Laboratories. Work in this PE is related to and fully coordinated with efforts in accordance with the ongoing Reliance joint planning process. There is close coordination with the US Air Force under the Reliance program in the Environmental Sciences categories of Lower Atmospheric Sciences and Ocean Sciences.
(U) The Navy program includes projects that focus on or have attributes that enhance the affordability of warfighting systems.
(U) JUSTIFICATION FOR BUDGET ACTIVITY: This program is budgeted within the APPLIED RESEARCH Budget Activity because it investigates technological advances with possible applications toward solution of specific Naval problems, short of a major development effort.
(U) PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND PLANS:
1. (U) FY 1996 ACCOMPLISHMENTS:
(U)($13,929) ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN UNDERSEA SURVEILLANCE AND WEAPONS:
- (U) Validated a mid-frequency (1-10 kHz) state-of-the-art, bistatic active acoustic performance model for continental shelf and slope regions as a contribution to undersea acoustic surveillance.
- (U) Transitioned a mid-frequency reverberation-suppression technique (Principal Components Inverse Method) to the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command; this enables mathematical characterization of the acoustic components of the reverberation in near real-time.
- (U) Used measurements to assess ocean bottom influences on transient and broadband detection capabilities in SW regions; this directly supports efforts in detecting transients emitted by quiet targets.
- (U) Performed numerical testing and field testing of stochastic acoustic formalisms aimed at enabling complex SW environments to be treated without a complete deterministic description.
- (U) Conducted field measurements to provide a basis for linking acoustic variability with ocean variability.
- (U) Developed full-spectrum source models for surf, shrimp, fish and earthquake contributions and developed full-spectrum noise clutter statistics to advance the detection capabilities of full-spectrum processing.
- (U) Incorporated ocean focusing techniques using measured environmental data into signal processing algorithms to eliminate directional noise and other sources of interference to provide a robust tracking capability in the littoral environment.
- (U) Developed a detector/classifier which exploits the nonlinear character of broadband signals by simultaneously using nonlinear and chaotic methods to improve detection performance and increase detection/ classification ranges, especially for the "quiet" submarine in littoral regions.
- (U) Conducted a joint oceanographic-acoustic field experiment to determine the significance of the variability of coastal oceans for undersea acoustic surveillance.
- (U) Revised the SW environmental false target model to include bottom features to advance torpedo guidance & control (G&C) in SW; validated a bistatic bottom scattering strength model.
I. (U) ($26,083) ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON MCM SYSTEMS, INCLUDING LITTORAL OCEANOGRAPHY:
- (U) Transitioned bottom sediment scattering and penetration models and associated data bases to the MCM community to improve the capability to predict environmental effects on MCM acoustic systems.
- (U) Demonstrated the use of remotely-sensed optical properties in predicting the performance of MCM optical systems; conducted optical characterization of a second coastal ocean site for support of optical MCM systems.
- (U) Completed documentation of MCM Tactical Environmental Data System (MTEDS) and its transition to the MCM community; this system will enable the on-scene commander to have critical environmental data available for tactical improvements.
- (U) Continued development of hydrodynamical models that describe the migration, scour, and burial of mines in the surf zone (SZ).
- (U) Developed a rapid, three-dimensional seismoacoustic scattering model in support of statistical algorithms to characterize littoral sediments for prediction of both geoacoustic and shock wave interaction with sediments.
- (U) Performed preliminary tests and modification of bubble and acoustic scattering measurement systems in SW to enable determination of the effect of bubbles on acoustic and optical MCM systems.
- (U) Analyzed experimental data on high-frequency acoustic spatial/temporal coherence to determine the major environmental influences on high-resolution MCM sonar systems, such as real and synthetic aperture sonar systems.
- (U) Used the tactical oceanography simulation laboratory to provide environmental fields for amphibious warfare and special operations warfare simulations at Cherry Point, North Carolina.
- (U) Developed expendable, low-cost tide sensor technology and initiate development of sensor fusion procedures for littoral warfare applications.
- (U) Continued development of selected environmental sensor technologies that contribute to a remote semi-autonomous underwater oceanographic measurement capability.
- (U) Initiated development of a Portable Hyperspectral Imaging Low-Light Spectrometer (PHILLS) for use in the coastal zone to enable remote sensing of environmental characteristics and features of the coastal ocean.
II. (U)($12,428) OCEAN AND ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTION:
- (U) Evaluated data assimilation techniques for the North Atlantic basin for inclusion in a large-scale ocean forecast system to be implemented by the year 2000.
- (U) Delivered an ocean forecast system for operational testing and subsequent use aboard Navy ships.
- (U) Demonstrated three-dimensional visualization methods applicable to real-time situations in shipboard environments as a means of improving the utility of ocean forecasts.
- (U) Demonstrated an ocean forecast model for the Yellow Sea - an area of operational interest.
- (U) Delivered a global ocean high-resolution eddy-resolving model for testing and operational evaluation; this represents a key step toward the goal of achieving a global ocean prediction system.
- (U) Developed new initialization methods for all atmospheric prediction models to enhance continuous assimilation of unconventional data.
- (U) Converted atmospheric prediction models to massively parallel processing machines to take advantage of their potential for greatly increased computational speed.
- (U) Continued atmospheric modeling of aerosols and improved non-hydrostatic model parameterization.
- (U) Further developed artificial intelligence and neural network techniques to extract atmospheric parameters of tactical importance from remotely-sensed data.
- (U) Initiated effort to determine utility of tactical radar systems for real-time, localized weather description as a means of contributing to ship self-defense and strike warfare.
- (U) Conducted development and integration of the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) sensor, which is scheduled for launch aboard a French satellite in the fall of 1997; POAM data will have significance for communications, theater defense, and surveillance.
III. (U) ($4,820) ATMOSPHERIC INFLUENCES ON EM/EO SYSTEMS:
- (U) Transitioned the full vertical extent version of the radio physical optics model that incorporates terrain effects; this model will enable better performance assessments in complex ocean-land coastal regions.
- (U) Completed demonstration of the determination of atmospheric moisture profiles using Global Positioning Satellite signals of opportunity; this is an important advance in the ability to easily determine atmospheric moisture, which influences the performance of all weapon and sensor systems using EM propagation.
- (U) Delivered algorithm to estimate height of surface trapping layer above the ocean surface from remotely- sensed data; this provides a breakthrough in the ability to estimate a critical environmental characteristic that affects the detection of sea-skimming missiles.
- (U) Conduct a major coastal field experiment off the US west coast (Electro Optical Propagation and Aerosol Characterization Experiment - EOPACE) to characterize EO transmission and coastal aerosol distributions.
3. (U) FY 1997 PLAN:
IV. (U) ($16,919) ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN UNDERSEA SURVEILLANCE AND WEAPONS (INCLUDES CONGRESSIONAL PLUS-UP OCEAN CLIMATE RESEARCH):
- (U) Transition a bottom-scattering strength algorithm, good down to low grazing angles, that will enable bottom scattering to be accurately incorporated in Navy models that support undersea surveillance systems.
- (U) Develop and validate an environmentally-based method for clutter control in SW to advance the capabilities of underwater active acoustic detection techniques.
- (U) Evaluate deterministic acoustic predictions of the influence of ocean fronts and horizontal refraction on slopes to determine the significance of such features for underwater surveillance systems.
- (U) Conduct a field test of predictions based on stochastic propagation formalisms to determine whether the stochastic approach can adequately represent acoustic conditions in harsh SW environments.
- (U) Perform an assessment of the impact of noise on full-spectrum processors (frequencies up to 5 kHz), which offer a means of exploiting nontraditional signals emitted by submarines.
- (U) Demonstrate in a littoral environment narrowband and broadband internode processing for a multi-node surveillance array that accounts for differential target Doppler; this capability will allow greater node separation and a lower cost for a given area coverage.
- (U) Derive semi-empirical relationships linking acoustic variability with ocean variability.
- (U) Extend the SW scattering function model used in torpedo G&C to muddy bottoms; update the time, frequency and spatial coherence models using trial data.
- (U) Utilize underwater acoustic techniques to determine the ocean "climate" in a large ocean basin.
V.
(U) ($24,391) ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON MCM SYSTEMS, INCLUDING LITTORAL OCEANOGRAPHY (INCLUDES CONGRESSIONAL PLUS-UP SENSING SYSTEMS AND UNMANNED UNDERWATER VEHICLES (UUVs)):
- (U) Begin development of a semi-empirical formulation to predict lateral variability of high-frequency acoustic scattering in coastal areas and prepare to conduct further towed-body measurements to assess the spatial variability of high-frequency acoustic properties relevant to MCM operations in coastal areas.
- (U) Use remote-sensing techniques to extend optical characterizations for MCM systems to high interest areas outside the continental US; evaluate surface effects on optical MCM system performance.
- (U) Conduct experiment to demonstrate the environmentally enhanced performance of magnetic MCM systems.
- (U) Make an identification of the fluid flow parameters critical to the surf/swash zone mine/sediment interaction and develop an initial empirical model for the interaction.
- (U) Complete the preliminary development of a three-phase constitutive model for sands to advance the environmental base on which explosive techniques of mine clearance will depend.
- (U) Analyze data from the previous measurements to determine the influence of bubbles on acoustical and optical MCM systems.
- (U) Transition tactical decision support functions to produce worldwide surf statistics, real-time surf data and amphibious vehicle operability data.
- (U) Provide an upgraded coherence model to the MCM development community for insertion into the synthetic aperture sonar system performance prediction model.
- (U) Continue use of simulations to determine environmental sensitivities of systems and sensors that support mine warfare and amphibious warfare.
- (U) Implement moored, low-cost mini-Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler technology to enable an affordable means of monitoring current structures in littoral regions.
- (U) Complete development of the PHILLS sensor and initiate characterization of the sensor capabilities in the coastal ocean.
- (U) Complete a littoral warfare environmental simulation capability including high-resolution circulation, wave, tidal and acoustic models in the tactical oceanographic simulation laboratory and support coastal simulations for joint undersea warfare.
- (U) Continue development of environmental sensor technologies that contribute to remote semi-autonomous
and autonomous ocean measurement; develop plans for further mapping of ocean structure.
VI. (U) ($13,154) OCEAN AND ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTION: (INCLUDES CONGRESSIONAL PLUS-UP POAM)
- (U) Deliver ocean forecast models for the South China Sea and the Sea of Okhotsk, both areas of special operational interest, for operational testing and evaluation.
- (U) Demonstrate a coastal tide prediction model capable of assimilating water level data and ocean current measurements; tide prediction is an essential environmental capability for successful littoral operations.
- (U) Demonstrate the "nesting" of high-resolution coastal ocean models into regional ocean models; nesting of ocean prediction models is the central paradigm being followed in the creation of an ocean prediction scheme that will provide the necessary coverage and detail for military operations.
- (U) Continue development of completely coupled air-ocean modeling schemes; such schemes are needed to account for the effect of the atmosphere on ocean characteristics and of ocean conditions on the atmosphere, particularly in coastal regions where complex interactions are possible.
- (U) Demonstrate new ensemble forecasting methods for atmospheric prediction as a means of yielding not only a forecast but a likely range of possibilities.
- (U) Provide standards for incorporation of atmospheric parameters in Navy simulators.
- (U) Develop synthetic atmospheric environments for use in Navy training, systems testing, and tactical simulations.
- (U) Continue effort aimed at utilization of tactical radar systems for real-time, localized weather description and as providing input to on-scene mesoscale prediction models.
- (U) Continue efforts aimed at integration of the POAM sensor for launch aboard a french satellite.
VII. (U) ($4,900) ATMOSPHERIC INFLUENCES ON EM/EO SYSTEMS (INCLUDES EARMARK CONGRESSIONAL PLUS-UP PM-10):
- (U) Extend the Navy aerosol model into the ocean surface layer (below 10m) which plays a critical role in the detection of sea-skimming missiles; continue further development of aerosol distribution capabilities including efforts aimed at particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM-10).
- (U) Develop a model of cloud edge effects to reduce false alarm rates in infra-red detection systems.
- (U) Deliver an airborne hybrid radio propagation model to improve EM propagation prediction for airborne platforms.
- (U) Continue the EOPACE field experiment at an east coast location, include an aerosol data system.
VIII. (U) ($13,000) NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM (NOPP) (CONGRESSIONAL PLUS-UP):
- (U) Establish a NOPP to promote the goals of assuring national security, advancing economic development, protecting quality of life, and strengthening science education and communication through improved knowledge of the ocean.
- (U) Solicit proposals through a Broad Area Announcement for partnership programs involving federal agencies, academia, industry, and other members of the oceanographic scientific community.
- (U) Establish efforts in "virtual" ocean data and remote sensing centers/facilities that will capitalize on existing centers by developing broad community access/exchange of Navy, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and other data bases together with data display and assimilation techniques.
- (U) Establish a National Littoral "Laboratory" to augment or leverage existing field efforts and programs, keying on analysis and modeling, but emphasizing model development together with data synthesis and assimilation.
- (U) Establish broad-based partnership efforts in areas such as: effects of algal blooms; mechanisms of cross-shelf transport; transport, fate, and effects of arctic ocean and coastal atmospheric contaminants; effects of sound and marine mammals.
IX. (U) ($1,052) Portion of extramural program reserved for Small Business Innovative Research assessment in accordance with 15 U.S.C. 638.
4. (U) FY 1998 PLAN:
X. (U) ($10,679) ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN UNDERSEA SURVEILLANCE AND WEAPONS:
- (U) Continue to advance the capabilities of active acoustic techniques for undersea surveillance in SW regions through developments in clutter characterization and control as well as in performance characterization and modeling.
- (U) Conduct test of influence of internal waves in SW on tactical frequency acoustic propagation, surface duct leakage, and vertical/horizontal coherence in SW.
- (U) Develop techniques for acoustic/nonacoustic fusion performance prediction for nonstationary noise fields in SW as a means of improving undersea surveillance detection capabilities.
- (U) Extend full-spectrum noise models to high frequencies (>15 kHz) and assess impact of full-spectrum noise on the performance of existing broadband detection/classification algorithms using both measured and modeled noise clutter statistics; develop new algorithms that exploit the full-spectrum noise characteristics to reduce the false-alarm/classification-error probabilities.
- (U) Initiate the development and demonstration of environmentally enhanced, volumetric, acoustic surveillance arrays for locating and tracking quiet threats in SW environments.
- (U) Initiate the development of geo-acoustical inversion algorithms to improve the performance of environmentally enhanced signal processing algorithms for undersea surveillance.
- (U) Participate in international program to conduct high-frequency acoustic measurements in SW off Australia; the aim is to characterize effects of the environment on detection, classification and localization of small, quiet submarines.
XI. (U) ($17,525) ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON MCM SYSTEMS, INCLUDING LITTORAL OCEANOGRAPHY:
- (U) Based on the lateral variability observed in acoustic bottom-related properties from the seaside Panama City site, design and conduct a second towed body experiment at a second site to test hypotheses developed by the initial data set and the semi-empirical formulations.
- (U) Using satellite-based data develop performance estimates of optical MCM systems in a foreign coastal area. Validate these using in-situ measurements.
- (U) Conduct field experiment to test environmental data extraction algorithms (bathymetry, sediment type, bottom backscatter, sound velocity and volume reverberation) from mine-hunting sonars.
- (U) Continue development of techniques for fusing multiple data types to achieve gains in MCM.
- (U) Test performance of the toroidal volume sonar system (TVSS) and the side-looking sonar (SLS) using real time environmental data for performance prediction.
- (U) Begin task of describing distribution as well as bulk per-cent gas in marine sediments for shock wave method of neutralizing mines.
- (U) Complete micro-scale modeling of fluid-gas flow in marine sediments in support of improved shock wave models.
- (U) Initiate tests of predictive quality of geoacoustic database algorithms for "type" geologic
- (U) Develop a predictive model of mine migration/burial within the SZ based upon the previous year's field study. Initiation of a study of morphological stability assessing the stationarity of sandbar structures; this work will facilitate prediction of the probability of burial for large (stationary) anti-landing mines in 3-6 feet of water. Additionally, this work is useful for the assessment of the meaningfulness of previously obtained bathymetry, based on the predicted stationarity of the sandbar.
- (U) Continue assessments of techniques for optical characterization of environments to serve MCM, especially in terms of variety of environments.
- (U) Analyze data and report results of FY 97 experiment on SW, high-frequency acoustics bubble effects, especially as they impact MCM systems.
- (U) Apply interim bubble/acoustics models to FY 97 SW data and help define a FY 99 experiment.
- (U) Incorporate spatial/temporal coherence results from the Mediterranean site into the Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) performance prediction model and make predictions/hypotheses for an additional very SW site; conduct a major acoustic clutter experiment in a high-clutter environment.
- (U) Develop composite mission/tactics analysis model which uses physics-based predictions with realistic environmental descriptions.
- (U) Make investment strategy suggestions relating to accuracies and space/time resolutions of ocean descriptions based on Korean and Persian Gulf environments.
- (U) Develop fully-coupled nonlinear wave/tide model with data assimilation and incorporate into system performance models.
XII. (U) ($10,388) OCEAN AND ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTION:
- (U) Adapt the recent, conservative form of semi-Lagrangian schemes to an ocean model.
- (U) Test ocean models incorporating new advection schemes with coastal ocean data and with deep water data, the aim being to achieve greater capabilities and improved performance of Navy numerical ocean models.
- (U) Deliver a fourth-order advective sigma-coordinate model.
- (U) Deliver a fourth-order advective layer model with topography.
- (U) Advance shipboard ocean forecast capability through inclusion of relocatable ocean circulation component and nesting with shore-based boundary conditions, transition to 6.4.
- (U) Complete Sea of Japan/Yellow Sea SW Assimilation/Forecast System (SWAFS) development. Begin combination of Sea of Japan/Yellow Sea/South China Sea (Asian Seas) SWAFS development as a contribution to oceanography of Navy-priority coastal seas.
- (U) Conduct critical evaluation of new predictive schemes with the aim of determining their effectiveness against current schemes.
- (U) Explore the ability of the SPY-1 tactical radar to detect clear air turbulent features in the marine atmosphere using advanced processing techniques for coded waveforms.
- (U) Transition a variational assimilation capability for incorporating satellite radiance observations directly into the operational atmospheric prediction system.
- (U) Demonstrate and transition a shipboard tactical scale atmospheric prediction capability, incorporating local observations and interfaces to tactical decision aids.
XIII. (U) ($4,619) ATMOSPHERIC INFLUENCES ON EM/EO SYSTEMS:
- (U) Based on EOPACE data, develop a coastal aerosol model for use in EO propagation effects assessment, including near ocean surface effects which are critical in defense against sea-skimmer missiles.
- (U) Develop improved periscope detection assessment capability with an EM propagation model incorporating an improved surface clutter model.
XIV. (U) ($5,000) NOPP:
- (U) Continue efforts in "virtual" ocean data and remote sensing centers/facilities to capitalize on existing centers by developing broad community access/exchange of Navy, NOAA, and other data basis together with data display and assimilation techniques.
- (U) Continue efforts aimed at a National Littoral "Laboratory" with the long-term aim of "portable" coastal ocean/atmosphere forecasting capabilities.
- (U) Continue broad-based partnership efforts in oceanography to optimize resources, intellectual talent, and facilities in ocean sciences and education.
4. (U) FY 1999 PLAN:
XV. (U) ($11,225) ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN UNDERSEA SURVEILLANCE AND WEAPONS:
- (U) Demonstrate environmental adaptation techniques for in-situ, near-real-time reverberation assessmen and clutter control, optimizing sonar operation in complex, SW environments so as to further advance active techniques for detection of the quiet submarine threat.
- (U) Analyze FY 98 test data to address potential exploitation of internal waves in SW under surface-duct conditions for mid-water surveillance by hull-mounted sonar.
- (U) Develop predictive capability for optimum placement and fusion of acoustic/nonacoustic sensors in strongly range-dependent environmental such as straits and gulfs.
- (U) Complete validation of high frequency underwater acoustic noise models and conduct experimental of the false-alarm/classification-error performance of newly developed noise exploitation algorithms.
- (U) Demonstrate performance improvements of environmentally enhanced signal processing algorithms using geo-acoustical inversion techniques.
- (U) Perform detailed analyses of high-frequency acoustic data obtained in several SW locales with the purpose of creating a unified basis for undersea weapon performance prediction in SW.
XVI. (U) ($20,433) ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON MCM SYSTEMS, INCLUDING LITTORAL OCEANOGRAPHY:
- (U) Provide an initial spatial variability model (low-grazing angle bottom reverberation backscattering, bottom penetration/sediment scattering) and data bases to Naval Surface Weapons Center, Coastal Systems Station (NSWC-CSS) for MCM system development.
- (U) Process Sea-Viewing-Wide-Field-of View Sensor data, and other satellite data in near real time using new algorithms to extract coastal optical absorption and scattering. Utilize these new algorithms to create a regional data base for forward strategic area.
- (U) Transition algorithms for extracting real-time seafloor data from TVSS and SLS sonars to NSWC-CSS.
- (U) Conduct final test for algorithms for extracting real-time sound speed and surface reverberation data from TVSS sonar.
- (U) Test data fusion algorithms.
- (U) Initiate development of algorithms to extract real-time environmental data in denied areas using SAS and Laser Line Scanner System (LLS).
- (U) Integrate micro-scale modeling of fluid/gas flow into data base predictive model incorporating oceanographic forcing functions.
- (U) Initiate effort to extend geoacoustic data base algorithms to geotechnical data base algorithms.
- (U) Conduct a field study of mine migration and burial behavior in low energy/muddy beach environments.
- (U) Evaluate the Predictive Visibility Model in terms of performance in various environments and determine the feasibility of improvements to the model to provide the environmental basis for optical MCM systems.
- (U) Conduct final and comprehensive experiment on influence of bubbles in SW on sonar performance, especially in terms of MCM systems.
- (U) Begin applying and validating final models of bubble distributions and high-frequency acoustic propagation in a shallow-water bubbly medium.
- (U) Plan and conduct a full-band spatial/temporal coherence measurement in a very SW site and utilize these data to test predictions/hypotheses regarding the oceanographic factors which affect the phase stability of the waterborne paths involved in real aperture and SAS systems for MCM; analyze data from the high-clutter environment to provide an upper bound for the statistical characterization of bottom clutter which will be utilized in the clutter model.
- (U) Adapt physics-based mission/tactics analysis model for use in higher level analyses, like war games, training, trade-off studies, investment decisions, etc.
XVII. (U) ($11,672) OCEAN AND ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTION:
- (U) Continue testing other high-order advection schemes. Compare with older schemes and test in the California Current region.
- (U) Investigate the effect of higher-order schemes on passive tracer dispersion.
- (U) Deliver Very High Resolution (VHR) Coastal Model with improved advection.
- (U) Deliver Global Layered Model with improved advection and subduction/ventilation capability.
- (U) Initiate eddy-resolving global ocean model development including data assimilation.
- (U) Develop and transition to 6.4 a shipboard tactical ocean nowcast/forecast model that allows for very high resolution (to 100 m).
- (U) Transition Asian Seas SWAFS including data assimilation to 6.4. Develop relocatable baroclinic tide model.
- (U) Continue efforts in critical evaluation of new predictive schemes as a means of achieving more effective models.
- (U) Demonstrate the over water clear-air weather detection capability of SPY-1 at a coastal test site.
- (U) Transition a nested air-sea coupled prediction system for operational implementation incorporating coupled data assimilation.
- (U) Develop a complete nonhydrostatic tactical scale prediction system for shipboard use in forecasting weather effects for operational planning and "what-if" scenario rehearsal, incorporating the targeting of relocatable weather observation capabilities.
XVIII. (U) ($4,707) ATMOSPHERIC INFLUENCES ON EM/EO SYSTEMS:
- (U) Interface the coastal aerosol model with the EO Tactical Decision Aid and with the coastal aerosol data assimilation system to provide a more complete basis for EO systems, especially those used in detection of sea-skimmer missiles.
- (U) Transition improved EM propagation effects decision aids incorporating terrain, surface clutter, airborne platforms, etc, thus expanding the capability to assess environmental effects on radar systems.
XIX. (U) ($10,000) NOPP:
- (U) Continue evolution of efforts in "virtual" ocean data and remote sensing centers/facilities to capitalize on existing centers by developing broad community access/exchange of Navy, NOAA, and other data bases together with data display and assimilation techniques.
- (U) Continue evolution of efforts aimed at a National Littoral "Laboratory" with the long-term aim of "portable" coastal ocean/atmosphere forecasting capabilities.
- (U) Continue broad-based partnership efforts in oceanography to optimize resources, intellectual talent, and facilities in ocean sciences and education.
B. (U) PROGRAM CHANGE SUMMARY:
FY 1996 FY 1997 FY 1998 FY 1999
(U) FY 1997 President's Budget: 56,576 44,559 47,254 53,011
(U) Adjustments from FY 1997 PRESBUDG: +684 +28,857 +957 +5,026
(U) FY 1998/1999 President's Budget Submission: 57,260 73,416 48,211 58,037
(U) CHANGE SUMMARY EXPLANATION:
(U) Funding: The FY 1996 changes resulted in a reductions for the Jordanian F-16 financing rescission (-65); from Transfer of SBIR funds (-293); and actual execution (+1,042). The FY 1997 increase resulted from Congressional plus-ups for Sensing Systems/UUVs (+10,000); NOPP (+13,000); Polar Ozone Atmospheric Monitor (+4,000); Ocean Climate Research (+5,000); and from Congressional Undistributed Reductions (-3,143). FY 1998 increase consists of realignment of funding (-2,000); NWCF and minor adjustments (-3,687); Defense Science and Technology adjustment (+1,685); from NOPP (+5,000); from inflation adjustments (-126); and from Military and Civilian Pay Rate adjustments (+85). FY 1999 increase consists of transferred from this P.E. to Advanced Technology Demonstrations P.E. (-4,000) to fund higher Navy priorities; from NWCF and minor adjustments (-868); from NOPP (+10,000); from inflation adjustments (-216); and from Military and Civilian Pay Rate adjustments (+110).
(U) Schedule: Not applicable.
(U) Technical: Not applicable.
C. (U) OTHER PROGRAM FUNDING SUMMARY: Not applicable
(U) RELATED RDT&E:
(U) PE 0601153N (Defense Research Sciences)
(U) PE 0602101F (Geophysics)
(U) PE 0602314N (Undersea Warfare Surveillance Technology)
(U) PE 0602315N (Mine Countermeasures, Mining and Special Warfare Technology)
(U) PE 0602633N (Undersea Warfare Weapon Technology)
(U) PE 0602784A (Military Engineering Technology)
(U) PE 0603207N (Air/Ocean Tactical Applications)
(U) PE 0603785N (Combat Systems Oceanographic Performance Assessment)
(U) PE 0604218N (TESS ENG)
D. (U) SCHEDULE PROFILE: Not applicable.