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NATIONAL/ORGANIC SUPPORT

Chapter 3 *
NATIONAL/ORGANIC SUPPORT *
ATCAE *
INTELINK *
BROADCAST NETWORKS *
TACTICAL RELATED APPLICATIONS (TRAP). *
TDDS *
Tactical Data Information Exchange System-B (TADIX-B). *
TACTICAL DATA BROADCAST SERVICE (TIBS). *
THE TACTICAL RECONNAISSANCE INTELLIGENCE EXCHANGE SYSTEM (TRIXS) *
GUARDRAIL/COMMON SENSOR (GR/CS) *
Commander’s Tactical Temrinal *
CTT Low Rate Initial Production (LRIP) (AN/TSC-125) *
CTT 2 Channel Hybrid-Receive Only (CTT/H-R) (AN/USR-5) *
CTT 3 Channel Hybrid (CTT/H(3) (AN/USC-55) and Hybrid-Receive Only (CTT/H-R(3)) (AN/USR-6) *
CTT H/R AND PC SETUP INSTRUCTIONS: *
LOAD CRYPTO KEYS INTO THE CTT H/R. *
LOADING THE IREC KEYS FOR TRAP/TADIXS-B OPERATIONS *
CTT H/R PC SETUP *
CTT H/R TIBS OPERATIONS *
CTT H/R TRAP/TADIXS-B *
IBS *
JTT/CIBS-M *
BASELINE CHANNELS for 8RX/1TX Terminal *
BASELINE CHANNELS for 12RX/4TX Terminal *
BASELINE FUNCTIONALITY *
TDP HOST INTERFACES *
JTT (RS) *
JTT-B *
JOINT STARS PROGRAM *
JOINT STARS Aircraft *
Joint Stars Ground Station Evolution *
Current CGS Interfaces *
CGS Products *
The CGS CONOP *
TACTICAL INTELLIGENCE GENERATION AND EVALUATION RELAY (TIGER) *
    1. NATIONAL/ORGANIC SUPPORT
      2.

      This chapter discusses the importance of the partnership between the national and organic intelligence dissemination architectures. Global communications networks are increasing due to advances in fiber optic cellular and personal communications technology. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly more important to understand the integration of national support dissemination architectures and missions as well as the developmental process of organic IBOS communications architectures. The development of all intelligence support architectures must keep pace with modern technology in order to support the information requirements of the Warfighter. As tactical elements evolve worldwide, the use of advanced communications technologies, such as our broadcast intelligence systems, will become more and more valuable. The end result of and the primary focus of all intelligence support communications architectures must be the delivery of timely accurate intelligence information to the tactical commander and/or maneuver element.

      Across the spectrum of military operations, the national, operational and tactical intelligence communication missions and support structures tend to blur together. It is difficult to determine which system or element supports specific warfigher information requirements. What is clear is the fact that some division of effort will exist across a wide variety of intelligence producing organizations in support of whatever operational commander is at the forefront of enforcing the policies of our national command authority. National support can manifest itself in many different forms. Therefore, it is important to understand the multiple systems and architectures that the national community can implement in support of unit operations. Often a tactical unit will not be given access to the direct source of information; however, what is most important is to ascertain by what means the necessary information can be received. This chapter, in part, will talk about some of the national systems, which units have successfully used to augment intelligence support to the warfighter.

      We have seen that it is important to understand a wide variety of national level support architectures in order to maximize intelligence support. Doctrinal assumptions for any communications architecture must include the requirement to link all sensors with the processing capability of the supporting command and with the dissemination systems employed in support of the Warfighter. An in-depth understanding of the principal intelligence force providers, intelligence assets, and standard operating procedures is also necessary in order to ensure that the communications architecture is both achievable and supportable. Many of the IBOS sensors include specialized linking technologies, and each system, i.e. TRQ32, TLQ17, PRD12, has its own organic network capabilities. With the realization of a wide variety of force modernization of the Army’s IBOS, systems like TENCAP, TROJAN SPIRIT, and ASAS all come with their own communication suites, and justify the acquisition of several independent routers servicing the IBOS. There is also an increase in the use of UHF Line of Sight (LOS) communications in order to host the sensor’s reporting requirements. Of course, this mandates that the Military Intelligence Battalion Signal Officer (SIGO) perform frequency management in concert with the command level SIGO. In reference to organic assets, it is critical to plan, initiate and maintain the means necessary to facilitate the flow of information from the unit’s organic assets to the IBOS processors.

      With the emergence of new support architectures, it will become increasingly important for the intelligence professional to understand and be able to gain access to these architectures. The remainder of this chapter will provide an overview of many of the existing intelligence support architectures like the Army Technical Control and Analysis Element, INTELINK, broadcast networks etc. It is important to note that many of these accesses (when system terminals are UNIX based) will be dependent upon the ability to edit UNIX system host tables. Edit routine for UNIX host table is included in Appendix C.

    2. ATCAE

      3. The Army Technical Control and Analysis Element (ATCAE) is a US Army activity located at the National Security Agency dedicated to producing and providing, technical support to Army (conventional and SF) and USMC tactical SIGINT/EW units world-wide. This support is provided for peacetime training programs, pre-deployment preparation, and during deployed or split-based operations. It includes:

      - maintenance of unit tasking databases at NSA in order to document unit mission capabilities and support requirements

      - information on current world situation, friendly and threat military operations, tailored to a given unit’s mission

      - technical target information to support 98G and 98J collection, analysis, and reporting

      - collateral support (maps, gazetteers, dictionaries, working aids) for the unit’s SIGINT/EW mission

      - assistance in obtaining special-purpose hardware and software to carry out specific training and operational missions beyond the capability of organic equipment and systems

      - support for unit training and real-world operations using the TROJAN CLASSIC system, to include scheduling assets, on-line trouble-shooting, and planning targets/missions for unit operations

      - electronic quality control of unit reporting, and forwarding to national time sensitive systems

      - assistance in obtaining access to national databases, such as Wrangler

      The Army TCAE can provide this support through its integration into--and liaison with--the various NSA offices, as well as with sister Army organizations such as the INSCOM Army Cryptologic Operations (ACO), the National Ground Intelligence Center (NGIC), and the CECOM Intelligence and Electronic Warfare Directorate (I2WD). The ATCAE provides 24-hour service through its TROJAN Service Desk (TSD) and its Military Operations Support Team (MOST) Desk in the National Security Operations Center (NSOC).

      The TCAE provides support via the medium and means most advantageous to the unit, within technical capabilities. For example:

      - hardcopy material forwarded via mail, courier, or fax

      - email, or file transfer protocol (FTP) (JWICS/JDISS, TROJAN, NSA Net);

      - file transfers to ASAS/SSP-S or other ASAS terminal

      - mobile training team (MTT)

      The Army TCAE can be reached by any of the following means:

      TROJAN Service Desk (TSD)

      Phones: Comm (301) 688-6900 (STU III); DSN 644-6900; TROJAN Orderwire 3011;

      TROJAN TDVI 7011/7012; Toll-free CONUS 1-888-4SIGINT (STU III);

      Secure 963-4017

      Nonsecure fax: Comm (301) 688-3799; DSN 644-3799

      Secure fax: Comm (301) 688-6900; DSN 644-6900

      Secure email: atcae@asastwo.trojan.ic.gov

      ASAS IP address: 164.184.18.11

      NSOC Desk (Military Operations Support Team - MOST)

      Phones: Comm (301) 688-4442 (STU III); DSN 644-4442; TROJAN TVDI 7014

      COASTLINE: TAN "TCAE"

      Secure email: tcae@nsa.ic.gov or nsoctcae@asas5.nsa.ic.gov; SIPRNET (not

      monitored 24 hours) lbharve@mailhost.gccs.nsa.smil.mil

      ASAS IP address: 192.13.244.50

      ZIRCON: NSOC-TCAE is the Channel Operator for Channel TCAE/ACE/OCA;

      NSOC-TCAE also monitors nine other crisis-related channels.

      The Army’s TCAE architecture also includes Regional TCAEs that provide geographically focused support for specific missions and operations. There are three Regional TCAEs: Ft Gordon, GA; Kunia, HI; and Medina (San Antonio), TX. Units may develop habitual training and support relationships with one or more of the regional TCAEs, but the Army TCAE operates 24 hours per day to support all units, regardless of area or mission. The bottom line is that the Army TCAE will work with individual regional TCAEs and units to provide the best-tailored support possible.

      More details on the organization, mission and functions of the Army and Regional TCAEs can be found at their INTELINK web sites:

      - ATCAE http://atcae1.trojan.ic.gov/

      - RTCAE Gordon http://saladin.grsoc.ic.gov/rtcaeg/

      (Phone: Comm (706) 791-0481; DSN 780-0481)

      (Email: rtcaeg@nsa.ic.gov)

      - RTCAE Kunia http://www-rtcaek.trojan.ic.gov/

      (Phone: Comm (808) 655-3367/3179; DSN 455-3367/3179)

      (Email: share@rtcaek3.trojan.ic.gov)

      - RTCAE Medina http://medina-1.trojan.ic.gov/

      (Phone: Comm (210) 671-1540/0147; DSN 473-1540/0147

    3. INTELINK

INTELINK has been referred to as the dissemination mechanism of the future. Originally started as a tool by the Intelligence Systems Board (ISB), the telecommunications architecture necessary to make NSA a full supporter of the INTELINK program is currently being developed. This architecture will allow NSA analysts to view the community products posted on INTELINK and will allow them to place products on a Near Real Time Intelligence (NRTI) master server for external analysts to view. Many organizations provide information on INTELINK. The following is a list of some of the intelligence community members who actively support INTELINK:

 

    2. BROADCAST NETWORKS
      3.

       

      There are primarily three broadcasts that contribute significantly to the dissemination of operational and tactical information. TDDS/TOPS is predominately used to queue other assets, TRIXS is designed to assist in the tracking of friendly and enemy elements within the battlespace, and the TRIXS (GRCS) provides accurate data to assist with targeting. These intelligence broadcasts have refined their respective producer capabilities as well as the accuracy of the broadcasts; therefore, they are more applicable to the Warfighter than they once were. In fact, intelligence personnel glean actionable and targetable data from these broadcasts on a daily basis.

    3. TACTICAL RELATED APPLICATIONS (TRAP).

      4. Part of the TDDS network, the TRAP concept is to collect information from multiple sources and disseminate it through an UHF SATCOM broadcast to tactical users. TRAP provides global surveillance information for sensor cueing and integration into databases at the various field receive locations. Data is forwarded from sensor to processor to communications gateways/relays to one of the FLTSATCOM broadcast satellites for dissemination to worldwide military users.

      The Defense Support Project Office (DSPO), Washington, DC, is the lead agency for the TRAP broadcast. Each Service maintains a program office responsible for the development, deployment, and employment of its TRAP reception and exploitation devices. The Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR) is the office of primary responsibility for the Navy Tactical Receive Equipment (TRE). Electronic Systems Command (ESC), Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts manages the Air Force CONSTANT SOURCE receipt and exploitation equipment. The Army Space Programs Office (ASPO), Ft. Belvoir, Virginia, is the office of prime responsibility for the SUCCESS radio, the key Army link to the TRAP broadcast.

       

      1. TDDS

      TACTICAL RECEIVER EQUIPMENT/TRE-RELATED APPLICATION

      DATA DISSEMINATION SYSTEM

      TRE/TRAP DATA DISSEMINATION SYSTEM

      TDDS satisfies a multi-service operational requirement for the near-real-time global dissemination of time sensitive (threat emitters) surveillance and intelligence information. TDSS provides ELINT oriented data from remote national sensors to specific users in support of worldwide tactical and strategic missions, focusing on over the horizon targeting data. Current user equipment for TDDS includes Navy TRE, Army Commanders Tactical Terminal Hybrid Receiver (CTT-H/R) and SUCCESS radio, and the Air Force/USSOCOM Multi mission Advanced Tactical Terminal (MATT).

    4. Tactical Data Information Exchange System-B (TADIX-B).

      5. The TADIXS broadcast was developed to meet multi-Service requirements for direct guaranteed delivery of minimum-essential battlefield information. The TADIX-B capability, which began using the TRAP broadcast, has evolved as a separate broadcast network. The TADIX-B concept is to process and distribute Nationally generated tactical data to operational forces and commanders worldwide. The information delivered directly to the commanders, supports indications and warning, sensor cueing, and user mission planning. Units can set locally controlled filters to tailor the received data to their mission based on such parameters as geographical areas, signals, signals parametric, time periods, and targets of interest. Figure 1-X provides a representation of the TADIXS broadcast.

       

    5. TACTICAL DATA BROADCAST SERVICE (TIBS).

      6. The TIBS network provides a capability to disseminate correlated, time-sensitive tactical information to Joint operational users via UHF broadcasts from aircraft and/or the Fleet Satellite Communications System (FLTSATCOM). TIBS provides an air picture of fast-moving targets. The first tactical collector to feed TIBS was the RC-135 RIVET JOINT. RIVET JOINT information can be transmitted directly to users within line of sight of the aircraft and can provide input for the TIBS broadcast via satellite. Current sources of data can include GRCS, Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS), SENIOR TROUPE, SENIOR SCOUT, etc. The network can broadcast data from up to 10 information producers, each with multiple sensors. Also, specified users can query TIBS. A select number of users (up to 50) can query the TIBS network, while an unlimited number of users can have a receive-only capability. Figure X is a representation of the TIBS network. TIBS reports are broadcast periodically, followed by updates, new data, amplifications, or deletions. Users can set filters in the CTT to reduce the volume of messages forwarded to the host workstations. Users can also filter the broadcast data based on specified parameters, including geographical areas of interest, altitudes, specific targets, collection parameters, etc. An operator at the host workstation can select and initiate up to 20 filters through software. The Air Force Air Intelligence Agency (AIA), Kelly Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas, is the lead agency for TIBS development.

    6. THE TACTICAL RECONNAISSANCE INTELLIGENCE EXCHANGE SYSTEM (TRIXS)

      7. The Tactical Reconnaissance Intelligence Exchange System (TRIXS) provides the data structure and direct dedicated data links for dissemination of critical, time-sensitive joint-service tactical intelligence information to battlefield commanders via UHF line-of-sight communications, from CTT/TRIXS relays on-board military aircraft. TRIXS was first fielded to V Corps, U.S. Army Europe (USAREUR), in September 1993. Similar capabilities have been fielded to Forces Command (FORSCOM) and XVIII Airborne Corps. The TRIXS network can be established at either the SECRET collateral or TOP SECRET SCI level. Figure X depicts a representative configuration of the TRIXS network.

      The Army GUARDRAIL Common Sensor (GR/CS), with its Intermediate Processing Facility (IPF) and RC-12 Airborne Relay Facility (ARF) platforms, was the first tactical intelligence collector/producer to operate with TRIXS. This use of TRIXS complements the Air Force Tactical Reconnaissance System (TRS), with the CARS DGS ground processing facility and its U-2R relay platform. The network can support up to five producers and relays, such as for the EP-3E or UAV aircraft. The network, controlled by the IPF, can support 100 full-duplex CTT user addresses or an unlimited number of receive-only CTT terminals in the broadcast footprint defined by both the GR/CS and the U-2R. (See Figure X for a representative diagram of the TRIX broadcast footprint)

      A single TRIXS network includes a pair of split-band UHF uplinks and downlinks. Each link is 25 kilohertz wide and can pass full-duplex data and half-duplex digital voice. The network currently supports character-oriented, data message distribution and bit-oriented message distribution (when defined). Messages can be forwarded to a specific address or a group of addressees. The network protocol requires messages addressees to acknowledge error-free receipt. Up to two repeats transmissions are automatic after a brief time-out. The relay terminal that first logs on the network becomes the master station. The master station establishes and maintains the net timing reference. All relay terminals control acquisition and use of particular time slots, discretionary access to Special Intelligence (SI) users by employing password authentication, and allocations of access for commanders to use voice in time slots. The network, when configured with the CTT objective three channel systems, can support as many as five GPF/relay nodes, 250 individual addresses, and 56 group designators. All GPF terminals maintain a log of incoming and outgoing SI message transmissions. Field users authorized to task collectors/producers can transmit dynamic tasking adjustment requests, queries, acknowledgements, and retransmission requests. CTT traffic is intended only for high-priority, time-sensitive data; routine transmission of non-perishable data is passed by other available communications means.

      1. GUARDRAIL/COMMON SENSOR (GR/CS)

GR/CS is the Army’s premiere airborne signals intelligence (SIGINT) collection/location system. Originally conceived in 1971, GR/CS now integrates the Improved Guardrail V, the Communications High Accuracy Airborne Location System (CHAALS) and the Advanced Quick Look (AQL) into a single platform.

GR/CS supports echelons above corps, corps, division and joint land force component commanders as well as peacetime aerial reconnaissance missions. GR/CS is authorized in the Aerial Exploitation Battalion (AEB) within the MI brigade assigned to each corps. GR/CS collects selected low, mid, and high band signals, identifies them, and locates their sources in order to provide near-real-time reporting and targeting information to the tactical commander. GR/CS has a full complement of SIGINT collection subsystems in order to intercept, copy and locate both COMINT and ELINT emitters. The location of emitters is determined using a Differential Doppler and Time Of Arrival techniques (algorithms used by the computing power of the IPF). Reporting is accomplished using the CTT system.

GR/CS is fielded with:

GR system II (Currently fielding) promises the following:
    1. Commander’s Tactical Terminal(CTT)

      2. The CTT is an anti-jam, readily transportable COMINT/ELINT tasking, reporting, transmitter/receiver designed for rapid, near-real-time dissemination of tactical intelligence. The purpose of the CTT is to provide the capability for selected U.S. Army and Air Force airborne collection systems to forward on a dedicated basis, perishable intelligence to deep, close, and rear operations weapons systems, aviation assets, air defense artillery, fire support, and intelligence centers at all echelons.

      The nomenclature for the terminals is a follows: Commander’s Tactical Terminal-1 (CTT-1); CTT 2-Channel Hybrid-Receive Only (CTT/H-R); and CTT 3-Channel Hybrid and Hybrid-Receive Only (CTT/H (3) and CTT/H-R (3)). CTT hardware is incorporated in both ground and airborne systems and consists of four major sub-components: a Communications Terminal (CT), also referred to as a Field Terminal (FT); the Radio Relay Test Set (RRTS); Security Data System (SDS); and a Radio Relay System (RRS) on board the aircraft. The RRS, AN/ARW-85 consists of an UHF radio receiver and transmitter, signal data translator, and rack/harness assembly. The function of the RRS is to receive the uplink data for retransmission on UHF and to receive UHF data for downlink to the Ground Processing Facilities (GPF).

      CTT airborne relay subsystems are located on board the Air Force U2-R and the Army RC-12 aircraft. The SDS, AN/GYQ-65, provides message accountability, user authentication, discretionary access, and an audit log and analysis capability necessary to meet national agency accreditation requirements for operation in a system-high environment. The SDS consists of a computer terminal, monitor, keyboard, printer, and removable disks. The RRTS, AN/URM-214, supports pre-flight checkout, operational verification, and fault isolation of the RRS. The RRTS is located on flightlines at relay platform ground sites and consists of a receiver/transmitter test group and a test controller and cable/case assembly.

      The communications terminal is a stand-alone system consisting of four components: an Operator Terminal (OT); Red/Black Processor (RBP); Radio Receiver Transmitter (RRT); and an adaptive array line of sight antenna. The CTT provides simultaneous, secure full duplex data and half-duplex voice communications between ground processing facilities and mobile, tactical field units. The ground processing facilities are the U.S. Air Force Contingency Airborne Reconnaissance System (CARS) deployable Ground Station (DGD), and the U.S. Army GUARDRAIL/Common Sensor (GR/CS) Integrated Processing Facility (IPF).

      1. CTT Low Rate Initial Production (LRIP) (AN/TSC-125)

        2. The CTT LRIP system is a full duplex data, half-duplex voice system with a one-channel transmit/receive capability. The LRIP communications terminal is a fully militarized, modular terminal packaged in three 19-inch rack-mountable transit cases for the RBP, RRT, OT and antenna assembly. The combined weight of all three cases is less than 225 pounds. The terminal is capable of stand-alone field deployment in tactical combat, as well as installation in shelters, vehicles, and airborne platforms. Currently, messages/reports transmitted or received over the TRIXS net are in USMTF character oriented format. The CTT LRIP is in USAREUR (7 systems with GR/CS System 4) and XVIII Airborne Corps (16 systems with GR/CS System 1).

      2. CTT 2 Channel Hybrid-Receive Only (CTT/H-R) (AN/USR-5)

        3. The CTT/H-R is a ruggedized, lightweight, miniaturized, modular, two-channel receiver. The CTT/H-R consists of a single 3/4 Airborne Transportable Rack (ATR) Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) which must interfaced with a user provided host processor/workstation in order to receive and display data. Weight of the CTT/H-R is 43 pounds. The CTT/H-R provides access to the TRIXS net as well as to satellite broadcast networks, the Tactical Information Exchange Service (TIBS), and the Tactical Related Applications/Tactical Data Information Exchange System-B (TRAP/TADIX-B). The system can provide commanders access to multiple sources of information at corps, theater, and national level. Data received over the TIBS and TRAP/TADIX-B nets is in a bit oriented format. The system can received simultaneously any two sources, except the TIBS and TRIXS combination. UHF satellite antennas are used to receive the TIBS network and TRAP/TADIX-B broadcasts. Hemispherical and directional dish antennas are among the optional UHF Satellite Communication (SATCOM) antennas available. Separate antennas will usually be required for simultaneous reception of more than one satellite broadcast. The system incorporates the capability to filter data received over the TIBS and TRAP/TADIXS networks.

        A number of CTT/H-R are being fielded to Army divisions and corps as dissemination systems for the All Source Analysis System (ASAS) and Joint Stars Light Ground Station Module (LGSM). Additional systems are being fielded to Army Air Defense Patriot units. Figure 2-X depicts the 2channel CTT/H-R.

      3. CTT 3 Channel Hybrid (CTT/H(3) (AN/USC-55) and Hybrid-Receive Only (CTT/H-R(3)) (AN/USR-6)

      These systems have a 3-channel capability. Two versions are being fielded: the CTT/H (3) is a full duplex system with transmit and receive capabilities, and the CTT/H-R (3) has a receive-only capability. The CTT/H consists of two full Airborne Transportable Rack (ATR) Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) while the CTT/H-R consists of a single LRU. These systems have the access to the same sources of data as does the CTT/H-R 2 channel, with the addition of a SATCOM or Line-Of-Sight (LOS) General Purpose Link (GPL). The CTT/H (3) is capable of transmitting in the TRIXS (over 100 addressees) and TIBS net (limited to 10 producers and 50 query nodes). Simultaneous reception of 3 sources in any combination, including TRIXS and TIBS, is possible over both the CTT/H (3) and CTT/H-R (3). However, satellite antennas are required for receipt of additional nets or transmissions over the TIBS or GPL nets. These modular, rack-mountable systems have an operate-on-the-move capability and can be integrated into various host platforms, vehicles and aircraft configured for that purpose. Figure X depicts the 3-channel Hybrid systems.

    2. CTT H/R AND PC SETUP INSTRUCTIONS:

      3. Do not apply power to the processor until all other system connections are complete.

      Connect the power cable to the processor power port (J2 on the KMS or D-plug connector on the DCI).

      On the KMS, connect the keyboard cable to the connector located next to the processor front panel power switch. The processor has an optional keyboard connection port (J1) located next to the fuse compartment on the rear of the computer; however, if the processor is rack mounted, the front keyboard connector is preferable. The DCI Trak 101 keyboard is connected to the 9-pin COM1 port and to the keyboard DIN port on the rear of the processor.

      Connect the power cable to the back of the monitor. Do not apply power to the monitor until all connections are complete.

      On the SMT and Sony monitors, connect the RGB video cable between the monitor and the video 1 port of the DCI processor. Connect the red, green and blue cables to the R, G, and B ports on the monitor. Connect the black cable to the COMP HD port and the white cable to the VD port. On the KMS, connect the five-pin multi coax connector to the HI-RES port on the KMS processor (J9).

      On the SMT and Sony monitors, make sure the three resistor switches labeled H and 75 Ohm and the single resistor switch labeled f 2K Ohm and 75 Ohm are set to the 75 Ohm (up position).

      The external device inter-cabling is processor dependent. If the processor being used is a KMS, there is a single 37-pin interface connector (J4) on the back of the computer to which a multi-port wiring harness is attached. The wiring harness has a DB37 on one end and labeled connectors on the other end. The labeled connector assignments are as follows: Figure 2-8 CTT H/R

      Prep 0 Port A - CTT H/R,

      Prep 1,2,3 is used only in relay or multiple radio modes

      If the processor being used is a DCI, there are two small 37-pin connectors (J2 and J10) on the back of the computer. The prep ports are laid out the same as previously described. J10 is for prep 0, 1, and J2 is for prep 2 and prep 3.

      At this point the antenna should be carried out to the location selected for set-up. Also required at the site will be the receive preamplifier (preamp).

      Reel the signal cable to the antenna’s location.

      Connect the 100-ft antenna cable (12-04498-001) to J1 on the RF splitter assembly and J2 (output) port of the preamp assembly.

      Connect the 3-ft antenna cable installed on J1 (input) port of the preamp to the antenna.

      Connect the 3-ft (W3) (12-04498-002) cable to J2 on the RF splitter assembly and J6 on the front of the CTT H/R panel.

      Connect the 3-ft (W3) (12-04498-002) cable to J3 on the RF splitter assembly and J5 on the front of the CTT H/R panel.

      Connect the CTT H/R power cable (W1) (12-044997-001) to J4 on the front of the CTT H/R panel.

      Connect the CTT H/R data cable (W4) (12-04499-001) to J1 on the front of the CTT H/R panel. Connect the 25 pin connector of the CTT H/R data cable to the PC data cable marked Prep 0 Port A. In the COM CTT H/R mode, connect the CTT H/R data cable to the 25-pin connector on the data cable coming from the PC comm port.

      Connect all power cables to a power source. Make sure all settings on the components match the voltage and current of the available power source. The entire system draws less than 10 Amps.

      Position the CTT H/R CH1/KG1 CH2/KG2 switch to the CH1/KG1 position. Turn power switch to ON and observe the status window behind the front panel-carrying handle. The CTT H/R status window will display the word INIT and, after a short pause, the unit’s fan will cycle for an instant during BIT. "BIT RUNNING" and Download in Progress (if valid Download has been retained) will scroll across the display.

      Once BIT is complete, "BIT PASS" will display in the CTT H/R status window. If characters display just before the BIT PASS indicator or if BIT failed, recycle power on the CTT H/R. Upon a valid BIT PASS, the status window will revert to the time display within thirty seconds.

      The CTT H/R baud rate will default to 9600 Baud any time the internal battery is discharged or the operator clears CTT H/R memory. Set the CTT H/R Baud rate to 19200 by pressing the SEL/LD execute switch to the SEL position until CONFIG displays in the CTT H/R status window. Press SEL/LD Executor switch to the LD Execute position and the status window will display SEL BAUD. Press SEL/LD Execute switch to the LD Execute position and the status window will display PORT A. Press SEL/LD Execute switch to the LD Execute position and the status window will display 4800. Press SEL/LD Execute switch to the Select position and the status window will display 9600*. Press SEL/LD Execute switch to the select position and the status window will display 19200. Press SEL/LD Execute switch to the LD Execute position to set Baud rate of 19200.

      The (*) next to the baud rate indicates the current setting.

       

    3. LOAD CRYPTO KEYS INTO THE CTT H/R.

      4. The COMSEC/TRANSEC Integrated Circuit (CTIC) board in the CTT H/R is KGV11/11A compatible and is used to access data loaded with a KYK-13 or a KOI-18 keying device. The IREC1 and IREC2 boards in the CTT H/R are KGR-96 compatible and are used to access data on the TRAP or TADIXS-B networks. TRAP/ TADIXS-B key loads are larger than TIBS or TRIXS keys, and a KYK-13 can not accommodate the additional loads. IREC boards for TRAP/ TADIXS-B keys can only be loaded with a KOI-18.

      When loading a CTT H/R with TIBS or TRIXS keys, set the KG select toggle switch to "CH1/KG1" then connect the KYK-13 or KOI-18 to J3. "KG1 CON" will display in the CTT H/R status window when the KYK-13 ON/OFF switch is set to ON or when the KOI-18 is connected.

      Toggle the LD/EXEC switch to SELECT. "KEWY 0" will display in the CTT H/R status window. Toggle to the SELECT position until the key variable that you wish to load is displayed.

      On the KYK-13 select the key slot (1-6) to be loaded into the selected variable and toggle the LD/SELECT switch to LD. If using a KOI-18, toggle to the LD position then pull the key strip through the KOI-18 loading device. The CTT H/R status window will display "LD 0 OK".

      Toggle the LD/SELECT switch to SELECT and the next variable will display in the status window. Repeat the procedure until all desired variables are loaded.

      Eight positions (0-7) can be loaded in the CTT/H-R KG1 (CTIC). Remember that variables are paired and automatic rollover only occurs between the paired variables (0-1, 2-3, 4-5, 6-7).

      When loading is completed, set the KYK-13 ON/OFF switch to OFF or disconnect the KOI18. The CTT H/R status window will display "KG1 DCON".

       

    4. LOADING THE IREC KEYS FOR TRAP/TADIXS-B OPERATIONS

      5. TRAP/TADIXS-B keys are loaded into the CTT H/R using a KOI-18 and a two-segment keystrip.

      Make sure the KG select switch is toggled to the CH2/KG2 position. When the KOI-18 cable is connected to the J3 port on the CTT H/R, The IREC Serial Number will display in the CTT H/R status window.

      Toggle the LD/SELECT switch to SELECT and "KEY0" will display in the status window.

      Toggle the LD/SELECT switch to LD and "SHORT 0" will display in the status window.

      Pull the first segment of the key strip through the KOI-18 strip loader and the CTT H/R status display will indicate "LONG 0"

      Pull the second segment of the key strip through the loading device. If the load is successful, "TEK 0 OK" will display in the status window.

      Toggle the LD/SELECT switch to SELECT to load the next key variable and continue with the above procedure until all variables are loaded.

       

    5. CTT H/R PC SETUP

      6. Turn power to monitor "on".

      Insert the RH 5500 (RICOH) system disk into DRIVE C of the lCCI or KMS.

      Turn on the PC power with the system disk inserted.

      Most systems will boot to the program manager window with a TIPOFF and mission setup icon in that window. Some systems may only boot to the MS DOS software application screen with a DOS prompt. If this occurs, at the DOS prompt for the C drive, type WIN then press enter. The system will continue to boot to the program manager window display.

      Using the track ball on the keyboard, move the cursor over the "globe" icon labeled TIPOFF. Double click on TIPOFF. The system will boot to the operator display configuration in use when the system was last properly shut down.

      When TIPOFF program load is complete, the TIPOFF advisory window will display with current version of software indicated.

       

    6. CTT H/R TIBS OPERATIONS

      7. Select Assign from the main menu.

      Select CTT H/R.

      Select Port CTT H/R Port menu will display. To configure the port, move the cursor to the desired options and click once on the mouse button. A dot will appear in the selection box.

      Select CTT H/R/PC Port A and CTT H/R Port A.

      Recommended settings for the other options are 19.2 for the port baud, TIBS or TRIXS on Channel 1 and TRAP/TADIXS-B on Channel 2.

      When selections are correct, click on OK.

      The CTT H/R Port configuration window will close and display an Advisory window that will indicate the successful results of your port configuration, a BIT test and a Crypto load set.

      Select "Download" from the CTT H/R sub-menu.

      CTT H/R Download window will appear.

      Select OK. The CTT H/R Download window will open and the advisory window will indicate "HH: MM: SS CTT/H-R TIBS Misc.: CHAN1 DOWNLOAD REQUEST RECEIVED"

      The CTT H/R Download window will update to indicate the number of blocks downloaded and the CTT H/R status window will scroll "Download in progress".

      When the download is complete, the CTT H/R Download window will disappear and the CTT/ H-R status window will revert to the time display. The Advisory window on the graphic monitor will indicate: "HH: MM: SS CTT/H-R Misc.: DOWNLOAD COMPLETE".

      Ensure the correct Crypto Rollover dates are set.

      Select "Crypto" from the CTT H/R sub-menu. The CRYPTO window will open. Select data source options using the mouse button and the dot convention.

      When the settings are correct, select OK. The CRYPTO window will close and an advisory window will display Crypto Key Parameters. If crypto settings are correct, network parameters can now be set and the TIBS net can be accessed.

      Set your network time based on the Global Positioning System (GPS) if at all possible. Set your time by using the OPTIONS from the main menu. Select "Tme/Date" from the submenu. Once date time is set, click on OK.

      Select the "CH1 TIBS Sign On" option and the TIBS Sign On window will open.

      RECEIVE FREQUENCY: Receive frequency for the line-of-sight mode must be within the range of 225 to 399.975 Mhz. Receive frequency range for the satellite mode is from 243.855 to 265.250 Mhz. Type the operational frequency for the assigned network in the window.

      TRANSMIT MODE: Select the operational transmit mode for the assigned network

      NETWORK MODE: The network mode, satellite or line-of-sight are the two selections. Select mode for operational network

      SYNCLOSS WAIT TIME: The range for SYNC loss wait time is from 70 to 255 seconds. 140 is a nominal value for this field.

      KG VARIABLE: This can be set from 0 to 7. Enter the variable number, which corresponds to the current keys.

      SIGN-ON TIMEOUT: This can be set from 10 to 999 seconds. 300 seconds is a nominal value for this field.

      After required parameters are set, click on OK. The Advisory window will display messages. The system will automatically attempt to sign-on for as many seconds as were set in the sign-on time out field. If you are unable to sign on to the network in the designated time, the advisory window will display "Sign On Time-out Exceeded"..

       

    7. CTT H/R TRAP/TADIXS-B

      8. Sign on is similar to the TIBS sign on, but selected variables are different.

      Select "Assign" from the Main Menu.

      Select "CTT H/R" from the sub-menu.

      Select "CH2: TRAP/TADIXS-B Sign On" from the sub-menu Sign on menu.

      Set the First Receive Frequency; place the cursor in the frequency display area and double click.

      Type in the operational frequency.

      Select "First Modulation Rate", usually 4800 baud; use the dot motif to select.

      Select "First Network TRAP" or "TADIXS-B" and use the dot motif to select.

      Select "First Viterbi Decode". This is normally set to On for normal TRAP operations. Use the dot motif to select.

      Select "First Crypto Variable Pair"; select the current month’s keys.

      Select "First Crypto Mode". This is normally set to B for normal TRAP operations. Use the dot motif to select.

      Select "First Diff Decode", this is normally set to On for normal TRAP operations. Use the dot motif to select.

      Set Old Message Time Limit; type the desired fade time (usually 3 minutes).

      Set Sign On Timeout normally for 300 seconds. If alternative network parameters are known, a Second Network Parameters window can be accessed. Therefore, repeat the above steps to set Second and Third network parameters. Once parameters are set, place the cursor in the OK box and click once to initiate Sign On.

      The advisory window will display, and if sign-on is successful, then the following will appear: HH: MM: SS CTT H/R TDX Misc.: CHAN 2 SIGN-ON SUCCESSFUL.

      TIME UPDATE FAILED will display if the CTT/H-R is already signed on to the TIBS net. If TRAP is the first net accessed, "TIME UPDATE SET" will display in this field. Normal practice is to sign on to the TIBS net first when operating in a two-channel mode.

    8. IBS

      9. The current intelligence broadcast systems include the TRAP Data Dissemination System (TDDS), the Tactical Reconnaissance Intelligence eXchange System (TRIXS), the Tactical Information Broadcast Service (TIBS), the Near-Real-Time Dissemination (NRTD) system, the Automated M22 Broadcast (AMB), and the Tactical Data Information Exchange System-B (TADIXS-B). TDDS, TRIXS, TIBS, and TADIXS-B use a proprietary message format and are UHF-based broadcast systems. NRTD uses multiple communications media (UHF and SHF satellite, national secure networks, etc.) and can translate/gateway data to/from the other systems and collection sources. AMB provides a SHF capability and supports multiple formats.

      The IBS will be an integrated, interactive dissemination system, focusing on tactical users’ information requirements and will unify the existing intelligence broadcast systems mentioned above. IBS, while focusing on the tactical user, will also support the needs of the intelligence community. IBS will migrate the existing tactical data broadcast systems into a single interactive dissemination system using the most effective and efficient communications path available in the operational theater, a common message Data Element Dictionary (DED), and J-Series family of message formats.

      The notional IBS architecture contains five major features:

      · A high priority, but low bandwidth, data broadcast to the small, highly mobile tactical users (referred to as narrowband users and producers)

      · An expanded data broadcast (higher bandwidth) to non-mobile, fixed or transportable systems users (wideband users and producers)

      · An Information Management Element (IME) to control the broadcast and manage the users’ data prioritization changes

      · A query capability for users to access additional information on reported data

      · A special Producer Interaction Network (PIN) to permit coordination and tip-offs between producers and users

      IBS will provide an Information Management Element (IME) to each theater and will be responsive to the respective theater CINC. The IME will receive information from intelligence producers and provide collated, prioritized information dissemination over multiple communication paths. Highly mobile producers may inject information directly into the Narrowband Communication (NB) channels while other theater intelligence producers may send their data to the IME for redistribution. Out-of-theater producers will send their data to the Theater IME for distribution (see Figure ES-1). High priority, tactical data will be disseminated over the NB channels while all data will be disseminated over the Wideband Communications (WB) service. Theater IMEs will be interconnected via Defense Information Systems Network (DISN) services. Global dissemination of the data will be provided between the Theater IME centers via networks such as Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS), Secret Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRnet) and National Security Agency Network (NSAnet). IBS will provide the capability for any sensor system from in-theater (EO, radar, Electronic Intelligence (ELINT), etc.) systems to national intelligence systems, to report directly to the battlefield and for the data from any sensor system to be available to all users. IBS will also consolidate several Ultra High Frequency (UHF) tactical terminal (radio) programs (such as Multi-Mission Advanced Tactical Terminals (MATT), Commanders Tactical Terminal (CTT), etc.) into a single common family of Joint Tactical Terminals (JTT).

    9. JTT/CIBS-M

      10. The JTT radio provides 8 Receive and 1 Transmit Channel. This allows the operator to operate within national, operational, and tactical oriented broadcasts, as well as the ability to directly inject into one. One of the strengths of the JTT is it is interoperable with Current IBS Networks Now (TDDS, TADIXS-B, TIBS, TRIXS). Some of the more impressive statistics associated with the CTT are Ao=0.99, MTBOMF = 6500 Hrs (Against 4400 Hr Obj Reqt) Adaptive Array Processing and Quad Diversity Capabilities DAMA Capable (5/25KHz). This enhances the JTT’s bandwidth management. The JTT has a GPS Receiver capability. JTT external connectivity is supported by 10 programmable serial ports (RS-232, 422), MIL-STD 1553B Interface, external Ethernet or fast Ethernet interface (IEEE 802.3). All of the JTTs’ COMSEC supports DS-101/102 Interface, Electronic Key Management System (EKMS). The JTT is compatible with existing CTT3 and MATT Host Interfaces. It has an embedded correlator with port independent data filtering capabilities. The JTT hosts six antenna ports, and software is download capable.

      The JTT radio contract was awarded to RAYTHEON based out of St Petersburg Florida. The Contract is a nine-year buy (the base and eight option years). Raytheon has provided a 10 year failure free warrantee, a 72 hour turn around time within the continental United States should a system need depot level maintenance, and Host System Integration services. The chart has a breakdown of the JTT requirements at this point.

      Clearly the Army is demonstrating its faith in this program by levying a substantial requirement for the JTT radio. Each organization planning to employ the JTT, plans to place the radios in a variety of host systems. The Army plans on integrating the JTT within the JSTARS, GRCS, ARL, MLRS, THAAD, PATRIOT, AFATDS, ASAS, and AVTOC suites of equipment. The Air Force plans on employing the JTT within the AWACS, JSTARS E-8, C-5, C-141, C-130, at the AFTOC squadron and Wing and at the Air force Intelligence Agency. The Navy plan to place the JTT on Carriers, Destroyers, Aegis Cruisers, SSNs, EP-3s, and shore based elements. The Marines plan to use their JTTs with JSTARS, TERPE, MEWS, and their Intel Analysis system. Additionally JTT will be associated with SOF, SOFIV, MH-53s, MH-47s, MC-130s, and AC-130s.

      1. JTT BASELINE CHANNELS for 8RX/1TX Terminal

        2. The following are examples of the maximum number of channels in the baseline (8 RX/1 TX) terminal configuration:

        1 Transmit Channel

        1 TRIXS, TIBS, GPL, or DAMA Transmit Channel

        Total of 8 Receive Channels, Combination of

        Up to 4 TRIXS Receive Channels

        Up to 4 TIBS Receive Channels

        Up to 2 DAMA Receive Channels

        Up to 6 GPL Receive Channels

        Up to 8 TDDS or TADIXS-B Receive Channels

        E.g., TX: TIBS

        RX: TIBS, TRIXS, 4 TDDS, TADIXS-B, DAMA

         

      2. JTT BASELINE CHANNELS for 12RX/4TX Terminal

        3. The following are examples of the maximum number of channels in the expanded (12 RX/4 TX) terminal configuration:

        Total of 4 Channels of Transmit, Combination of

        Up to 4 TRIXS Channels of Transmit

        Up to 4 TIBS Channels of Transmit

        Up to 2 DAMA Channels of Transmit

        Up to 4 GPL Channels of Transmit

        Total of 12 Channels of Receive, Combination of

        Up to 4 TRIXS Channels of Receive

        Up to 4 TIBS Channels of Receive

        Up to 2 DAMA Channels of Receive

        Up to 6 GPL Channels of Receive

        Up to 8 TDDS or TADIXS-B Channels of Receive

        e.g., TX: TRIXS, TIBS, 2 DAMA

        RX: TRIXS, 2 TIBS, 4 TDDS, 2 TADIXS-B, 2 DAMA, GPL

         

      3. BASELINE FUNCTIONALITY

        4. The JTT baseline functionality or contractual requirements include the following:

        TRIXS

        Interoperability Standard for TRIXS UHF Network Waveform, A3111617, 28 October 1994

        Data Format Is Transparent to the TRIXS Waveform & Protocol

        TIBS

        Interoperability Standard for TIBS Network UHF Waveform, G4097.00.44, Rev -, June 1997

        TIBS Message Catalog, G4577.00.41, Rev E, 12 August 1997

        TDDS/TADIXS-B

        TADIXS-B Broadcast Data Spec (E1.6), S1020-A, 24 November 97

        GPL

        Interoperability Standard for Single Access 5-kHz and 25-kHz UHF Satellite Communications Channels, MIL-STD-188-181A, 31 March 1997

        DAMA

        Interoperability Standard for 5-kHz UHF DAMA Terminal Waveform, MIL-STD-188-182A, 31 March 1997

        Interoperability Standard for 25-kHz UHF DAMA Terminal Waveform, MIL-STD-188-183, Notice 1, December 1996

      4. TDP HOST INTERFACES

        5. The JTT provides the following user selectable TDP host interfaces:

        10 Serial I/O Ports

        Configurable to RS-232, RS-422, or MIL-STD-188-114

        Rates supported: 4.8 to 115 kbps

        IEEE 802.3 Ethernet

        10 base-T or 100 base-TX

        Digital I/O for a Dual Redundant MIL-STD-1553B

        Identical to MATT

        Note: Up to Total of 10 Data Users

        Black I/O:

        6 GPL Ports (6 RX and 4 TX)

        EIA-232/422/188-114

        4 DAMA User I/O Ports

        EIA-232/422/188-114

        TRIXS IDL I/O

        EIA-422

        Red I/O:

        GPS Input, EIA-232/422

        Headset Port

        Intercom Port

        JTT supports three types of TDP interfaces:

        JTT TDP

        Full JTT Functionality

        JTT TDP ICD, Draft, 78-00323-001, 10 September 1998

        Output Format: Raw or TDIMF, G4097.00.37, Rev E, Date TBD

        CTT3 Hybrid Host

        Backward Compatible to a CTT3 Hybrid Host, Limited to the existing CTT3 functionality

        CTT3 HH ICD, A3112228-003, Rev A, 9 May 1997

        Output Format: Raw or TDIMF, G4097.00.37, Rev D, 31 August 1997

        *NOTE: JTT Control Client (JCC) will be required

        MATT TDP

        Backward Compatible to a MATT TDP, Limited to existing MATT Functionality (i.e., Channels of Receive)

        IDD for the MATT KBP Interface, SSD-D-TM045C, Rev C, 16 December 1997

        IDD for the MATT TDP PTP Interface, SSD-D-TM081A, Rev A, 25 November 1996

        IDD for the MATT TDP MIL-STD-1553B Interface, SSD-D-TM079B, Rev B, 25 November 1996

        System Operator’s Manual (SOM) for the MATT, SSD-D-TM037C, 25 November 1996

        Classified Supplement to SOM for the MATT, SSD-D-TM037C, 25 November 1996

        Output Formats IAW Classified Supplement of the MATT SOM:

        Abbreviated Binary (BIA)

        Extended Binary Generic (BIG)

        Enhanced Precision Binary (BIE)

        SENSOREP (SEN)

        TACELINT (TAC)

        TABULAR (TAB)

        *NOTE: JTT Control Client (JCC) will be required

         

      5. JTT (RS)

REDUCED SIZED JTT (JTT (RS)) is the smallest, lightest, most-capable tactical terminal for the highly mobile platform.

FEATURES:

4 Receive/0 Transmit (4R/0T), 2R/2T or 3R/1T

MATT KBP/PTP

ARINC-404, compatible pin-for-pin with MATT

(Interim HAYFIELD)

DS-101/102

The JTT (RS) provides four configurable channels (4R/0T, 3R/1T,2R/2T,1R,3T). It is compatible with TDDS, TADIX-B, TIBS, and TRIXS, up to 5 X 25 kHz DAMA channels for SIDS, and TADIL-A. The JTT (RS) has four RS232/RS424 serial ports. The JTT envelope size is 7.9"(W) x 22"(L) x 9.5"(H), including mounting tray and cooling fan. Its envelope weight is 45 lbs., including JTT-RE and mounting tray.

      1. JTT-B

The JTT BRIEFCASE (JTT-B)

 

FEATURES

The JTT-B may be developed concurrently with the JTT (RS).

 

JOINT STARS PROGRAM

The JOINT STARS Program could easily be looked at as a system; however, it has taken on all of the characteristics of a full-blown program. The Joint Stars program consists of an Air and a ground component. The Air component consists of the Air Force E8C aircraft; the ground component consists of the Common Ground Station (CGS) and/or the Joint Service workstation (JSWS). Included in these systems is the ability to send Joint Stars products from CGS to a JSWS via a SATCOM link. The Joint Stars program provides the consumer the ability to receive a wide array of products. The collection abilities associated with the E8C are Moving Target Indicators (MTI) and Side Looking Airborne Radar (SAR). Tasking for the Joint Stars program is accomplished through normal collection management channels with the exception of the tasks injection into the Air Force Wing Operations element by the Theater level air Operations Center collection Manager. For the Army, the tasking chain would be from Manuever Brigade S2s, Division Artillery S2s, and/or Division Aviation S2s to the Division Collection Managers (CM). Division CM would pass the requirements to the Corps CM. At the Corps level, the Corps ACR, Aviation and Artillery S2s levy their tasks to the Corps CM. Corps CM sends its requirements to the Theater CM who validates the requirement and passes the mission request to the Theater to Air Operations Centers’ CM to the Wing Operations Center for implementation.

      1. JOINT STARS Aircraft

        2. The E8C is a Boeing 707-300C, using four JT3D-3B engines with a service Ceiling of 42,000 Feet. It operates at an operational Altitude of 30,000 feet. This aircraft normally stays on station (mission duration) for 11 hours. If refueled it can stay on station for 20 hours. A standard crew consists of 21 personnel.

      2. Joint Stars Ground Station Evolution

        3. The Ground Stations associated with the Joint Stars program began with the Limited Procurement Urgent (LPU) in 1984. This system was deployed to Korea and Germany and received sensor data from the OV1 (MTI data). Eventually interfaces were developed that worked with MCS and TACFIRE. Also, the inclusion of capabilities to receive sensor data from the E8C (SAR & MTI) and the ability to work with the TROJAN support architecture enhanced the system’s capability. This new ground station was called the Interim Ground Station Module (IGSM) developed in 1986 and was subsequently deployed to Operation Desert Storm. The next evolution in the Joint Stars ground segment was developed in 1992. This ground segment was called the Medium Ground Station Module (MGSM). The MGSM was capable of simultaneous multi-sensor (OV1, E8C, and HUNTER UAV) processing. It could also deal with Joint Stars MTI, FTI, and SAR. CTT (2Channel) allowed it to receive TRIX, TIBS, TRAP, TADIX-B (any two), received Video and/or telemetry from the Hunter UAV and SIPRNET. In the Korean Theater it could receive U2R EMTI and ARLs’ MTI. Eventually, MGSM had interfaces to both ASAS and TACFIRE. This system deployed to both Joint Endeavor and the Korean Theater. In 1994 the Light Ground Station Module (LGSM) was developed. It had all the capabilities of the MGSM with the exception of those associated with the Korean Theater deployment. The LGSM was deployed to Joint Endeavor. In 1997 the Common Ground Station (CGS) was developed. It had all the capabilities of its predecessors with the added functionality of receiving IDM from the APACHE LONGBOW, U2R and ARL MTI, Secondary Imagery Dissemination (SIDs) and an interface to ATACMS (which transitioned into an interface for AFATDS). Additionally the CTT2 (two channels) was upgraded to the CTT3 (three channels). The CGS is deployed with two 10KW generators on cargo trailers, the operations vehicle and a support vehicle.

         

      3. Current CGS Interfaces (see figure x)
      4. CGS Products

        5. The products produced by the CGS provide a unique view of multi source information. In the following example imagery is integrated with MTIs, COMINT and ELINT collection and all are overlayed on a map. This example includes a variety of imagery to include UAV and SIDs. In addition, SAR images can be scaled and oriented on the map to provide a realistic view of the terrain as it exists in near-real-time. Although the quality of the SAR images is considered low level, it is clear that these products can assist in providing a near-real-time view of named areas of interest (NAIs) and/or target areas of interest (TAIs). Clearly this type of graphic product can provide operational commanders with a unique view of the battle space. Also, graphics with this versatility can enhance the Collection Management planning process. Graphic intelligence products can easily demonstrate the intelligence derived from a variety of assets in support of the operational and tactical element collection plan. As the Intelligence Battlefield Operating system (IBOS) continues to migrate to more graphic oriented products, the CGS product represent a good beginning for the type of graphic oriented product integration that our future systems will be required to satisfy.

         

      5. The CGS Concept of Operation (CONOP)

The CGS concept of operations calls for the employment of six CGSs at the Division level (one at each of three maneuver brigades, and one each at the Division Aviation, TAC and Main CP). The CONOP calls for three more CGSs at the Corps level (one each at the Corps Aviation, Artillery and Main CPs). Each of these CGSs shares a common picture; however, each focuses on its commander’s area of influence.

There are many ways to include the CGS in a TOC setup. The following example shows CGS connected on the TOC LAN. The CGS can be directly connected to the unit’s ASAS system using any of the following: a 10 Base 2 LAN using TCP/IP, a KY68 four wire connection using GGP, a KY68 four wire connection through MSE using GGP, or a 10 Base 2 LAN using TCP/IP through MSE using TPN/MPN. These protocols represent the primary means of linking CGS to ASAS and apply to both the ASAS RWS and the ASAS CSP.

The CGS currently interfaces with the Predator and Hunter UAV Ground Segments via hardwire using an RS170 connection to receive both EO and IR video and an RS422 connection to receive telemetry. Future plans are to provide this data via other than hardwire connections. Currently over the horizon imagery can be forwarded to friendly helicopters via an FM link. Future requirements have been established to create an SCDL link to the Joint Stars aircraft in an effort to extend the range of the over the horizon imagery capability associated with the Joint Stars program.

The CGS is capable of receiving SIDS. The principle processors involved in the receipt and transmission of SIDs are included in the following diagram. The protocols and connections necessary to accomplish this type of architecture will be discussed in depth later in this document. It is important at this point to recognize that the CGS is capable of receipt of SIDs in one of three ways. The first via a KY68 to DSVT link, the second via LAN and the third via a direct connection using the TROJAN SPIRIT. At the Corps level the architecture takes on a new shape. With the addition of the MIES, ETRACK and a wide variety of SID capabilities, the development of a support architecture can take on a wide array of shapes. This graphic represents one such implementation.

As you develop your infrastructure and architecture, remember there are a myriad of intelligence producers available to assist your mission.

The following list represents some of the potential sources of secondary imagery.

 

 

 

Joint Stars and Corps Artillery

The Joint Stars program has managed to foster a relationship with organizations that have traditionally been considered outside the intelligence community. The strongest of these relationships is represented by the inclusion of Joint Stars data in the decision making cycle for the Corps level Fire direction center. Joint Stars performs its mission and delivers products to the CGS. The CGS delivers its products to the Corps Fire Support Element (FSE) which passes the information to the Corps MLRS Fire Direction Center (FDC). These interfaces are accomplished digitally over a LAN or via FM (SINCGARS) radio. Even though this relationship can provide great benefits to the warfighter, there is also a potential down side. Without the ability to properly interpret the wide array of intelligence products delivered to the CGS, the potential for inaccurate conclusions exists. All of our collection assets have a fluid set of capabilities, and a wide arrange of variables contribute to the fluidity of these capabilities. Also, if intelligence professionals do not interpret the validity of products delivered to the warfighter, the potential for the misdirection of operational assets is certainly possible.

 

    1. TACTICAL INTELLIGENCE GENERATION AND EVALUATION RELAY (TIGER)

The Radio Repeater Set, AN/TSQ-175 TIGER, provides relayed tasking and reporting data link communications for the Net Radio Protocol (NRP) network, acting as either a Network Control Station (NCS) or Network Station (NS) for networks operating in polling or contention mode. The TIGER allows for more efficient positioning of the Analysis and Control Team (ACT) relative to the intercept/DF systems, or, in the case where there is no ACT, it allows the intercept/DF systems to maintain a data link with the Analysis and Control Element. Due to the UHF frequency range of the TIGER radio group, this system must be placed where it has line-of-sight (LOS) between the radio antenna and all distant end stations on the network

The RT-I288AIARC-164 (V) UHF radio handles communications for the AN/TSQ-175. The radio operates in the UHF band between 200.00 and 399.975 megahertz (MHz) and includes a radio control set CT-I 288A, which is the frequency selector device for the radio. The controls are analog with .025 MHz channel spacing detents. The radio can hold 10 preset frequencies. The system includes an omni-directional UHF antenna, with telescoping fiberglass mast. The mast, fully extended with antenna, is 54 feet tall. The antenna is capable of operating in the UHF frequency band between 225.00 to 400.00 megahertz. Communications Security is handled by a TSEC/KG-84A. The RT-1 288AIARC-1 64(V)-radio w/CT-1 288AIARC-1 64(V) control set weighs 20.65 LBS; the antenna weighs 6.5 LBS, the mast 42.0 LBS with accessories. The TSEC/KG-84A weighs 22.25 LBS. The system is deployable with a TRQ-32V(2) or as standalone system on C130, C141, C17, CS, maritime transport, rail, and unit-owned transportation. The system has 24 hour mission availability and can be operated in a tactical or fixed site environment. DS/GS maintenance for LRU components is resident in supporting MI BN/CO. The system supports the ACE/ACT with the relevant, common picture of the battlespace and rapidly disseminates time sensitive intelligence reports to the supported warfighter. It also can interface with forward-deployed tactical IEW elements and with the ACE. TIGER provides digital interface to machine-readable messaging and ASAS parsing for AN/TLQ-17A (V)3 voice intercept reporting.

REFERENCES: TM 32-5820-900-12; FM 34-25-3; FM 34-1-1

 

 


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