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ARMY COMMUNICATIONS

Chapter 7 *
ARMY COMMUNICATIONS *
TACDB *
CHATTERBOX *
CHATTERBOX ACCESS *
ZIRCON GUIDELINES *
ZIRCON NETIQUETTE *
AFFORDABLE VTC CONFERNECING SOLUTION *
Design Methodology *
SOFTWARE *
TESTING *
SATCOM *
FLTSATCOM *
MILSATCOM *
MILSTAR *
DSCS *
UFO *
COMMERCIAL *
C4I System Descriptions *
DMS *
AUTODIN *
CRITICOMM *
SPINTCOMM *
GENSER *
DDN *
MILNET *
DISNET *
DSN *
NIPRNET *
SIPRNET *
DEB *
ETHICS *
IINCOMNET *
SOCRATES *
DICS *
LATIN *
SINET *
INTELNET *
MUSIC *
NIPS *
JDISS *
JWICS *
GMFSC *
STU-III *
INMARSAT-ST *
STICS *
TRIGS GPF *
HAVE QUICK *
DAMA *
MSE *
SUPPORT ASSEMBLAGES: *
MSE INTEROPERABILITY CAPABILITIES *
SINGLE CHANNEL GROUND & AIRBORNE RADIO *
SINCGARS *
ANCD *
    1. ARMY COMMUNICATIONS
      2.

      Intelligence professionals today must be able to discern the capabilities and potential interconnections associated with the wide range of U.S. equipment. The Joint spectrum Center (JSC), a provider of spectrum-related services for military system acquisition and operational support, has put together a fantastic resource in support of their mission. This resource provides access to JSC equipment characteristics and space databases, platform and unit configuration databases, frequency assignment databases, electromagnetic infrastructure area studies, and interference resolution reports. This Resource can be found on INTELLINK at http://intellink.jsc.ic.gov

    2. TACDB

      3. Tactical Database

      The Tactical Database (TACDB) contains data on Tables of Organization and Equipment (TO&E) and platform configurations. The TO&E data include equipment inventory data that describes Communications-Electronic (C-E) equipment assigned to typical and real-world organizations. The platform configuration data includes the C-E equipment found on weapon systems and mobile platforms such as ships, aircraft, tanks, etc. The JSC maintains extensive data on each of the US military services in this database. Additional data include commercial ship and aircraft C-E configurations. Tactical platforms and U.S. armed forces units (DoD force structure organizations) have extracted from the current active force structure and are updated periodically to maintain currency. Associated with each platform in the TACDB is its C-E suite listed by the JTEDS (Joint electronics Type Designation System) nomenclature. However, commercial C-E nomenclatures are used when no JTEDS designation has been established. Associated with each unit are the subordinated units, platforms, and C-E equipment as provided by their respective service.

      Current functionality of the TACDB includes platform lists, sorted by nomenclature, which contain links to the C-E equipment complement of each platform followed by links to the parametric data for each piece of equipment. Also included are military unit lists, which contain links to subordinate units and associated platforms as well as C-E equipment owned by each unit.

      The following is an update to the Army Communications covered in the Warfighters’ Guide to Intelligence Communications Architectures.

       

    3. CHATTERBOX

      4. ZIRCON/JWICS

      This section will outline instructions for access and use of the ZIRCON IRC tool on the chatterbox.mall.nsa JWICS (intelink community) server.

      1. CHATTERBOX ACCESS

        2. To gain access to chatterbox, fill out the form, using a web browser, at:

        http://www.q1.q.nsa/q512emall/e-forms/irc_access_request_form.html

        On the form by the System Type/OS, select the appropriate operating system running on the machine that you want to use for your chatterbox access. The machine name and IP should be located on the front of the monitor or "pizza box". If you don’t know what operating system you’re using or your IP address, contact your system administrator. The following represents the information requested from chatterbox for your setup; be prepared to answer all of the following:

        Information Requested

        Response

        User’s Login ID (SID)

        Sid

        User’s Full Name

        Name

        User’s Organization

        Put in location and office symbol

        User’s Location

        Put in location

        User’s Phone Number

        NSTS phone number

        User’s E-Mail Address

        Sid@server

        System Type/OS

        e.g. SunOS 4.1.4 or Solaris 2.5

        System Name

        Name of Machine usually on monitor

        System IP

        IP usually on monitor or pizza box

        Supervisor’s Name

        Your Boss

        Supervisor’s Location

        Same as yours

        Supervisor’s E-Mail Address

        Your Bosses E-Mail

        Supervisor’s Phone

        NSTS phone number

        When the account is created, you will receive email about it and instructions to set up your Zircon. You must have your IRCname set up as sid@nsa.ic.gov and use a nickname with your location name included in it like "RAINsmith" or "RSOCsmith" or anything that clearly states who you are. Don’t use your office symbol by itself; other organizations may use the same office designator, thus causing confusion among customers.

      2. ZIRCON GUIDELINES

        3. Use of ZIRCON is, as it has always been intended, FOR OFFICIAL BUSINESS ONLY. It is not to be used for personal chat rooms or for any inappropriate activities. NSA monitors all channels, public or private, through a background logging function.

      3. ZIRCON NETIQUETTE

      When in chat rooms, make sure you use good etiquette (no profanity etc.). Typing in UPPERCASE is considered yelling, so avoid it. Make use of the time stamp function during critical events, which is good for knowing when things are passed. Avoid excessive use of "Beeps" (control-g); only use it when passing critical items that need attention.

    4. AFFORDABLE VTC CONFERENCING SOLUTION

      5. III Corps has been doing a great deal of testing associated with VTC conferencing solutions, and they have enjoyed some measured success in their testing. The following is a synopsis of the III Corps initiative thus far. Their initiative involves the use of current standard VTC platforms connected with any operating system and VTC camera setup, thus making the capability platform and operating system independent. This capability allows them to use previously purchased hardware and integrate more cost effective systems.

      1. Design Methodology
  1. VTC conferencing capability that is platform and operating system independent.
  2. Supports multicast to conserve bandwidth.
  3. Allows conference VTC with at least 6 separate locations.
  4. Supports point to point sessions.
  5. Gives capability to compress the video, audio and control frame rate.
  6. Provides the ability to stream video (CNN, etc).
  7. Allows preplanned scheduling of conference sessions.
  8. The ability to view the session and provide audio input on systems without video capture capability.
  9. Provides the ability to encrypt the session for enhanced privacy.
  10. Provides whiteboard and chat functionality.
  11. The ability to work through a firewall and across a WAN.
  12. Constant 15-30 frames per second full motion video is not required.

With the above design criteria in mind, III Corps started looking for a means to make cost effective, multiple user VTC multicasting a reality. Initially the initiative was limited due to the lack of off the shelf software. Given these constraints the III Corps G2 and BDE Commander tasked members of their command to be vigilant and look for cost effective ways to enhance the Corps’ ability to share information throughout the intelligence community and the rest of the Corps.

Recently III Corps found an integrated software package written by University of Exeter (http://www-mice.cs.ucl.ac.uk/multimedia/software/) that meets their design methodology. Listed below are the software, functions and III Corps testing to date.

SOFTWARE

  1. All software and documentation are available at the above URL.
  2. RAT is the audio component of the integrated solution.
  3. VIC is the video component.
  4. Relate binds the package together.
  5. SDR is the session director. This allows a session to be setup and advertised so that you can join a session and participate (UP to 8 active VTC participants) and unknown number of audio participants.
  6. WBD White board.
    1. TESTING

      2. III Corps has tested the above software on both multicast and unicast. The software has been loaded on a WIN NT workstation, NT server, WIN 98 & 95 and Linux machines. III Corps has used four different cameras and three different capture cards and six different operating systems, all of which worked. Listed below is the breakdown of OS and Cameras combinations.

      1. Win NT Server Ospery 101 Working

      2. Win 95 Panasonic Egg Cam Working

      3. Win NT Workstation 3COM VideoPhone Working

      4. Linux Connectix Quick Cam Working

      5. Gateway laptop Win 95 Connectix Quick Cam Working

      6. WIN 98 3COM Video Phone Working

      III Corps plans on testing the SUN with parallex card and the Linux with Osprey 101, as the software supports these platforms. The software supports up to 8 clients in a active VTC at one time and a potentially unlimited number of passive participants in observation (Video) but able to join audio input to the session.

      III Corps has tested up to four cameras at one time and two others in audio input only with 100% success. The router set to max of 256K bandwidth (to replicate the limited bandwidth of a Trojan Spirit circuit), with a firewall using network address translation in use. III Corps further compressed the signal out to 128K. On average III Corps was able to have all participants average 6 frames a sec with good audio. III Corps tested sending just audio and had 100% success with up to 9 machines and identify the top end as ???. III Corps set up multiple sessions running at the same time to put additional load on the network and haven’t saturated the network so far. So far III Corps tried to replicate the most adverse conditions possible in a test environment and have been 100% successful.

    2. SATCOM

      3. Army operations will continue to rely on power projection from a largely CONUS-based force. The bulk of sup-port functions are sanctuary based in CONUS, allied countries or staging bases. Communications architects can no longer assume Warfighters within an area of operations will be widely dispersed, in mobile units on an extended and fluid battlefield. They may in fact be deployed in tightly controlled geographic areas, with very restrictive and specific missions. However deployed, the Warfighter will need access to satellite communications to ensure connectivity with all segments of the deployed element, and a CONUS based support system. Additionally, access to satellite communications is the easiest assured compatibility with a joint systems communications architecture. It is important to note that both UHF and SHF satellite channels are available in very finite sets. Access to these systems must be coordinated through your unit G6/J6. Articulate your SATCOM requirements as accurately and early as possible. Unit TACSOPs should include IBOS SATCOM requirements for Long Range Surveillance Units (LRSU), TENCAP, ASAS, TROJAN, and any other organic SATCOM terminals such as the LST5. Currently the Army only has four UHF Intelligence/Tactical Terminals, the AN/PSC-3, LST-5 (V), MST-20+/AN/PSC7 and the SUCCESSS RADIO. Additionally the Army has only one SHF terminal, the TROJAN SPIRIT that has access to the C and Ku Bands as well.

      SATCOM ESSENTIAL TO IEW MISSION

      Intelligence is the key to the warfighting commander’s understanding of the battlefield. Today’s military intelligence mission is to provide timely, accurate, and relevant intelligence and electronic warfare support to tactical, operational, and strategic commanders across the continuum of military operations. The Intelligence and Electronics Warfare (lEW) architectures support a variety of missions using both military and commercial SATCOM. Some intelligence missions cannot be supported with area common user systems because of capacity and security limitations. This has led the Military Intelligence (MI) community to develop SATCOM systems designed to provide the timeliness, capacity, and security separation required for their unique missions.

      The TROJAN program continues to be a dedicated communications system that supports intelligence dissemination. TROJAN is not a common user system. The TROJAN system employs both commercial and military satellite communications systems. There are many components of the TROJAN system including switching systems and ground terminals. The MI SATCOM architect must permit intelligence units to receive and transmit imagery, bulk databases, templates, and graphics. MI SATCOM systems enable direct dissemination of intelligence information through broadcast, point-to-point, and common user systems.

      A force projection Army demands reliable multi-echeloned intelligence support. Clearly the intelligence effort cannot be achieved without satellite communications. The Army must continue to exploit technology and work towards obtaining long-range communications systems that will meet the requirements of the intelligence community. SATCOM is a vital part of the IEW communications architectur3e at every echelon.

      1. FLTSATCOM

        2. FLEET SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

        FLTSATCOM is a system of four US Navy UHF satellites in equatorial geosynchronous orbit, all in reserve status. The system provides virtually worldwide connectivity between 70 degrees N and 70 degrees S for a variety of long haul, point to point, broadcast, and netted communication links among mobile and shore units. Each FLTSATCOM satellite has the capability to relay communications on 23 separate UHF channels, ten 25 kHz channels, twelve 5 kHz channels, and one 500 kHz channel. The twelve 5 kHz UHF channels are primarily used for ship to ship, ship to shore, shore to ship and patrol air craft to ship voice or data transmissions. Ten 25 kHz UHF accesses and one 500 kHz UHF wideband transponder sub-divided into 21 25 kHz channels and capable of 21 simultaneous data accesses or vocoded voice accesses. The 500 kHz transponder, 12 5 kHz channels, and 10 25 kHz UHF channels are independent of each other. The failure of one does not affect the others. The Joint Chiefs of Staff allocates capacity to the unified and specified CINCs. The Navy has applied ground-based demand Assigned Multiple Access (DAMA) techniques for more efficient channel use. Channel capacity

        The Navy, Air Force, Army, and DoD share FLTSATCOM. It is capable of providing reliable, secure communications for ships and submarines at sea, aircraft, and military ground units throughout the world, however its main purpose is for naval afloat communications.

      2. MILSATCOM

        3. The MILSATCOM program primarily provides basic longhaul communication support to the deployed Warfighter. MILSATCOM has four key components: UHF Systems; SHF systems; EHF systems and commercial satellite communications. MILSATCOM supports three key operational areas: strategic operations, theater tactical operations, and general-purpose support to military operations. The primary emphasis of MILSATCOM is to provide low-data-rate (LDR), medium-data rate (MDR) and high-data- rate (HDR) communications for US strategic and tactical forces employed in one or more regional conflicts. UHF systems essentially provide unprotected LDR connectivity to deployed forces. SHF systems essentially provide LDR and MDR connectivity to deployed forces with a moderate degree of protection against electronic warfare. EHF systems provide a survivable, jam-resistant, worldwide communications system to meet essential communications needs of the National Command Authority, combatant commanders and operational forces at all levels of conflict.

        Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) systems will use small, low-cost commercial type terminals to provide high-capacity one-way data transfer of information such as imagery, Tomahawk, MDUs, ATOs, mapping, and logistics data directly to Warfighters and other users at all levels.

        Commercial satellites will be used increasingly to carry non-sensitive administrative or combat support traffic. These systems will be used predominately in the C and Ku bands, presently in use internationally.

        National MILSATCOM systems are limited by bandwidth, power, and frequency and cannot satisfy all missions simultaneously. For this reason, they are designated as joint assets and controlled by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS). Thus, MILSATCOM resources are allocated in accordance with the access priorities established by CJCS Memorandum of Policy (MOP) 37, Military Satellite Communications Systems. Army component command requirements for MILSATCOM must be submitted to the supported CINC. The CINC establishes priorities for each request in accordance with theater warfighting plans and forwards them for CJCS action. The Joint Staff processes these requests through the Joint MILSATCOM Requirements Panel, which is chaired by J6 with service/agency membership. Emergency requirements are handled directly by the CINC/ JTF and J6 under special provisions of CJCS MOP 37.

        The current MILSATCOM satellites providing polar support do not meet warfighter requirements and are nearing the end of their expected lifetimes. The MILSATCOM polar adjunct provide satellite communications for forces operating in the northern latitudes (65N -90N). The Navy is working on a MILSTAR compatible, near-term (1997 launch) interim system, which will provide limited polar support. USAF is working on a MILSTAR compatible system designed for full requirement satisfactions with a projected launch NLT 2003.

        Despite the limited number of assets available to the MILSATCOM system, it still plays several key roles in support of the Warfighter. MILSATCOM has been responsible for communications to deployed forces; extension to isolated areas; response to connectivity surge requirements; intra-inter- theater and reachback capabilities; communications on the move; as well as backup to terrestrial systems.

        Key features of MILSATCOM must include; worldwide coverage and connectivity; effective terrestrial/SATCOM integration; capacity for peacetime and force projection surges; threat mitigation; operational flexibility and responsiveness; joint and combined interoperability; real time net-work control and recognition; and cost effective technology systems. The global reach supported by SATCOM today must include MILSTAR, DSCS, UFO and a mix of domestic and international satellites.

         

      3. MILSTAR

        4. THE MILITARY STRATEGIC TACTICAL RELAY

        The MILSTAR Satellite Communications System supports both single channel and multichannel requirements associated with Army support architectures. MILSTAR the newest DoD satellite constellation will provide EHF LDR at up to 2.4 kbps for single channel communications using the SCAMP ground terminal, AN/PSC-11. The MILSTAR constellation will consist of six satellites. The first two have Low Data Rate (LDR)-only capability. The remaining four MILSTAR II satellites, will have (first expected launch this year 1999) Medium Data Rate (MDR) EHF capabilities which increases channel capacity to 1.544 Mbps.

        MILSTAR coverage is worldwide between 65 degrees south and 65 degrees north. Crossljnks between the MILSTR satellites permit worldwide communications without the use of ground stations. This provides increased anti-jamming scenarios. EHF frequency band was selected by the MILSTAR program in order to provide narrow antenna beams for low probability of interception and detection, anti-jamming and spatial diversity. Additionally the EHF frequency band provides wide bandwidth for anti-jam processing and a combination of earth coverage, agile, wide and narrow spot antennas providing appropriate power levels for each type of earth terminal.

         

        1. AN/PSC-11 SCAMP

        The SCAMP AN/PSC-11 is designed to interface with the MILSTAR satellite low data rate payload. It can operate over EHF packages on FLTSAT and UFO. The terminal will operate in point-to-point, network, and broadcast modes providing voice and data services at a maximum data rate of 2.4 kbps. It can provide data-only Mobile Subscriber Equipment range extension. The SCAMP terminal can be paged while in motion and will evolve into a communications on-the-move capability.

        The SCAMP program is divided into two blocks. SCAMP block I is used for critical command and control communications between headquarters elements and their major subordinate commands. Block I provides up to four simultaneous point-to-point, network, or broadcast voice and data services. The Block I terminal weighs approximately 37 pounds. Block II plans to support pint-to-point and combat net radio range extension for conventional and special operations forces. Block II plans to provide a terminal that weighs 12 – 15 pounds.

        SCAMPs will be user-owned and operated. Set-up and teardown time is within ten minutes. It is interoperable with all MILSTAR terminals, and has embedded Transmission Security/COMSEC and Global Positioning system (GPS). The SCAMP has anti-jam and LPI/LPD and exploitation capabilities to reduce the effectiveness of electronic warfare and the possibility of destruction. SCAMP can communicate with Secure, Mobile, Anti-jam Reliable Tactical Terminal (SMART-T), AN/TSC-154, through the LDR port.

        SMART/T

        The Secure, Mobile, Anti-jam, Reliable Tactical Terminal, SMART-T, AN/TSC-154, is a transportable, tactical, satellite communications terminal that operates with the MILSTAR satellite LDR and MDR EHF communications payloads. SMART-T will provide multichannel range extension for MSE at division and corps levels over the MILSTAR satellite constellation. It can also operate over LDR EHF packages on Fleet Satellite and UHF Follow On (UFO). SMART-T using Global Positioning system satellites to obtain time and location data, will operate in view of geosynchronous satellite orbits of all inclinations (from geostationary to highly inclined) using spot, agile, area, and earth coverage beams. SMART-T will replace all of the AN/TSC-85Bs and AN/TSC-93Bs currently deployed at corps and Divisions. The SMART-T will satisfy any ACUS multichannel link requirement that cannot be met by line-of-sight equipment because eof terrain or distance restrictions. Additionally it enhances MSRT communications on-the-move capability by allowing Radio Access Units to be positioned further from node centers. SMART-Ts are among the first terminals hat have the inherent flexibility to participate in the global grid.

        The SMART-T will support up to four simultaneous MSE DTG data streams at 256 kbps, 512 kbbps, or 1024 kbps, full duplex. Two of these four ports will also support an MSE DTG at 4096 kbps each. The SMART-T will support up to four simultaneous MDR users with each user communicating at 4, 8, 9.6, 16, 19.2, 32, 64, 128, 256 kbps, half duplex. It will support up to four simultaneous LDR users, with each user communicating at 75 bps, 150, 300, 600, 1200, and 2400 bps, half and full duplex. The maximum throughput per SMART-T is 2048 kbps. The terminal can be configured for either MDR, LDR or simultaneous LDR/MDR operations. It can host any number of subscribers using a time-division multiplexing scheme.

        The SMART-T consists of a HMMWV, pallet, generator, antenna, RF equipment, associated electronics, operator interface device with cable, remote interface device with cable, LDR Interface Device with cable, AC to DC converter, chemical protective devices, and support equipment. The SMART-T can operate in an NBC, severe electronic warfare and/or electromagnetic pulse environment.

        The SMART-T will be capable of unattended operations. Its setup and tear down time is within 30 minutes and it has a C130 roll on roll off capability. The following table is a snapshot of the SMART-T Distribution Plan.

        UNIT

        # TERMINALS

        FIELDING DATES

        Signal Center

        12

        FY98-6/FY 03-6

        PM Milsatcom

        2

        FY98

        112th Signal Bn

        14

        FY02

        82nd Signal Bn

        12

        FY02

        10th Signal Bn

        12

        FY02

        501st Signal Bn

        12

        FY02

        121st signal Bn

        12

        FY01

        13th Signal Bn

        12

        FY00

        35th Signal Brigade

        15

        FY02

        122nd Signal Bn

        12

        FY03

        141st Signal Bn

        12

        FY01

        123rd Signal Bn

        12

        FY02

        22nd Signal Brigade

        15

        FY01

        125th Signal Bn

        12

        FY03

        29th Signal Bn

        15

        FY03

        124th Signal Bn

        12

        FY99

        3rd Signal Brigade

        15

        FY00

        USAREUR

        1

        FY00

         

      4. DSCS

        5. DEFENSE SATTELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

        DSCS provides the backbone of the U.S. military’s global satellite communications capabilities and is the primary transmission path for much of the DoD’s highest priority communications. The Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) is responsible to manage each DSCS satellite communications subsystem and the respective communications capabilities of the earth terminals to make maximum use of available capacity. DSCS is an SHF system with 5 vehicles in its constellation. Its key users are the Theater and Tactical Operations forces, intelligence dissemination, DCS/NCS, Space Support, and Non DoD users. DSCS coverage and connectivity is worldwide, it has global, Spot, and MBA. DSCS capacity and service are categorized as low to high data rates, including Voice, Data, and Imagery capabilities. This systems survivability is rated as protected services for low to medium data rates. Service outages have been characterized as less than minutes. DSCS flexibility includes fixed networks: point-to point mesh, hub-remote. This satellite system is completely controlled by U.S. and DoD. Terminals associated with DSCS include fixed, mobile, and transportable. On an extended battlefield, MSE mobile subscriber radio terminals (MSRT) provide on the move communications through the MSE to GMF terminal links. Equipment at specially configured fixed strategic terminals called Standardized Tactical Entry Points (STEP) provide an interface between the GMF tactical terminals and the worldwide Defense Information systems Network (DISN).

        The first DSCS III satellite was launched in October of 1982. There are currently nine DSCS III satellites in geosynchronous orbit, five of which are primary and four are in reserve. The design life for each satellite is 10 years.

        The DSCS satellites are not normally considered a part of the single channel AFSATCOM system. However it is important to note that the DSCS III satellites do include a payload that provides an enhanced AFSATCOM function. This payload called the single Channel Transponder (SCT), is the space segment of the Single Channel Transponder system (SCATS), providing an alternate method of EAM dissemination and force direction which allows a robust SHF uplink signal and a UHF or SHF downlink signal. SCTS is limited to a one-way transmission: to the forces. No report back capability is offered.

        The DSCS provides the transmission backbone of high capacity command and control, intelligence and multichannel communications service. The DSCS provides critical connectivity between the NCA/JCS, Unified/Specified Commands, DOD Agencies, Department of State, and (by resource sharing agreements) the UK and NATO. The DSCS directly supports the Worldwide Military Command and Control System (WWMCCS) and Ground Mobile Force Satellite Communications (GMFSC) elements.

         

      5. UFO

        6. UHF FOLLOW ON

        UFO is an UHF system with 8 vehicles in its constellation. The final (9th vehicle) is expected to orbit this year (1999). Its key users are the Theater, Tactical, and Special Operations forces, Intelligence dissemination, Non DoD users. UFO coverage and connectivity is worldwide, it has global beam. UFO Capacity and services are categorized as low to medium data rates, including voice and data capabilities. This systems survivability is rated as unprotected. Service outages have been characterized as less than hours. UFO flexibility includes fixed networks, point-to point mesh, and push to talk capabilities. U.S. and DoD control this satellite system. UFO terminals include fixed, mobile, manpack, transportable, and smaller.

        The U.S. Navy began deploying a new UHF satellite constellation, the UFO in 1992. The UFO satellite system is replacing the existing FLTSATs as they wear out. Each UFO satellite provides 18 channels of 25 kHz and 21 channels of 5 kHz to provide secure voice and data service. Due to frequency conflicts all of the UFOs 25 kHz wideband channels cannot be used until the entire constellation is in place. At that time, there will be an overall gain in channels available.

        The FLTSAT EHF Package (FEP) is a MILSAR compatible communications package that was placed on the last two FLTSAT UHF satellites launched. FEP-1 is on FLTSAT-7 over West Continental United States (CONUS bird), and the other, FEP-2 is on FLTSAT-8 over the Atlantic. These packages were included on FLTSAT in order to test MILSTAR communications terminals. FEP provides approximately 30 communications channels with 5-degree spot beam and earth coverage antennas. This represents approximately 1/6 the LDR communications capability of a MILSTAR satellite.

      6. COMMERCIAL

      Commercial satellites are comprised of a mix of domestic and international satellites and use the L, C, and Ku bands. Their key users are the Theater, Tactical, intelligence, DCS/NCS, Space Support and Non DoD users. Commercial coverage and connectivity is worldwide, they have global and regional beams in the C-, L-band and area/Spot beams in the Ku-band. Commercial Capacity and service are categorized as low to high data rates including voice, data, and imagery capabilities. This system’s Survivability is rated as unprotected. Service Outages have been characterized as less than hours. Commercial flexibility includes fixed and dynamic networks, point-to-point, mesh, and hub-remote capabilities. This satellite system is controlled by CONUS: U.S., OCONUS: U.S., and international consortia. Terminals associated with commercial systems are fixed, mobile, and transportable.

       

    3. C4I System Descriptions

      4. Several Command, Control, Communications and Computers Systems (C4I) issues affect the establishment of any IBOS communications architecture. The following pages are provided in order to enhance your understanding of several U.S. Joint and Army C4I initiatives. Provided are several C4I system descriptions of concern to the Intelligence communications architect. Many other C4I system descriptions can be found in the Joint Command, Control, Communications, and Computers Systems Descriptions Volume II, 1995. Questions concerning the C4 SDD Volume II should be addressed to the Joint Staff/J6E (DSN 227-8590, Commercial (703) 697-8590).

      1. DMS

        2. DEFENSE MESSAGE SYSTEM

        The DMS consists of all hardware, software, procedures, standards, facilities, and personnel used to exchange messages electronically between organizations and individuals in the DOD. The current subsystems of the DMS are the AUTODIN (including base level support systems) and electronic mail on the DOD Internet. The DMS also includes interfaces for tactical and allied systems, but does not include those systems. DMS will provide responsive and reliable exchange of messages electronically among organizations and individuals within the DOD, other Federal Government Agencies, and selected allied and foreign subscribers authorized by DOD. The current DMS service (E-mail) is provided via DDN. DMS will transition to messaging service based on international standards. When fully implemented, DMS will provide seamless writer-to-reader messaging service at a cost and staffing level that is significantly reduced as compared to today’s services.

      2. AUTODIN

        3. AUTOMATIC DIGITAL NETWORK

        AUTODIN is a common-user switched message service. It is the principal long haul, DOD digital network for transmitting message traffic on an automated store and forward basis between switching centers and among a wide variety of fixed or transportable subscriber terminals. The system is designed around remote, interconnected, central-processing nodes called AUTODIN Switching Centers (ASC). The ASC also provides the interface for dissimilar terminals to communicate with each other by virtue of code, format, and line speed conversion. Plans call for the AUTODIN to be phased down beginning about the year 2001 and be gradually replaced by the new Defense Message System (DMS) architecture.

      3. CRITICOMM

        4. CRITICAL INTELLIGENCE COMMUNICATIONS

        CRITICOMM facilities are managed by NSA and operated and maintained by the military departments. Its principal function is the transmission and delivery of CRITIC message traffic. A CRITIC is a message containing critical information concerning foreign situations of developments, which affect the security, or national interests of the U.S. The secondary function is to support the SCI traffic requirements for the intelligence community as part of the Defense Special Security Communications System (DSCS). CRITICOM terminals can communicate with SPINTCOMM network on a worldwide basis.

      4. SPINTCOMM

        5. SPECIAL INTELLIGENCE COMMUNICATIONS

        The SPINTCOMM provides SCI record and privacy traffic dissemination. It is a network of a dedicated family of circuits, terminals and facilities that serve the Special Security Office (SSO) functions at most major headquarters worldwide. The local Streamliner processor and/or the nearest AUTODIN switch generally switch SPINTCOMM traffic. It can process all precedence of traffic that include codeword, CRITIC and privacy messages, when so configured.

         

      5. GENSER

        6. GENERAL SERVICE INTELLIGENCE TRAFFIC

        GENSER traffic is classified traffic, which does not require the added special handling normally associated with Special Compartmented Information (SCI), which requires additional safeguards in both handling and dissemination.

        DODIIS DOD INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION SYSTEM

        DODIIS represents a worldwide intercomputer network linking intelligence data handling systems. These computer based information systems support the collection, production, and dissemination of various defense intelligence products. The system also supports the management of Defense intelligence assets throughout the world and provides a large number of automated information systems to process and catalog the extensive intelligence holdings.

         

      6. DDN

        7. DEFENSE DATA NETWORK

        The DDN is a wide-area network that provides long-haul data communications service to DOD authorized users. The network is currently segmented into the unclassified MILNET and three classified networks: DSNET1 for Secret-level traffic, DSNET2 for Top Secret-level traffic, and DSNET3 for TS/ SCI level traffic. Through implementation of BLACKER Host-to-host encryption technology, the DDN provides the DOD with a survivable and secure, worldwide packet-switching service for critical data (query/response, interactive, and bulk) communications. DDN satisfies the long-haul communications needs of DOD data communications users, provides integral support to mission essential C2, and also serves DOD intelligence, logistical, operational, and administrative requirements. The DDN will enhance the connectivity of all subscribers attached to the system, including WWMCCS Information Network (WIN), DOD intelligence Information System (DODIIS), Defense Message System (DMS), and other systems currently using a dedicated backbone or AUTODIN. All DDN requirements are planned to be merged into the Defense Information Systems Network (DISN) FY 96.

      7. MILNET

        8. MILITARY NETWORK

        The MILNET is a subset of the DISN-NT consolidation effort. It is a worldwide, unclassified common-user, packet switching, data communications network that provides data exchange services and related support services to the DOD users. The current estimation of user devices accessing the MILNET is in excess of 3000 hosts within 500 Local Distribution Systems.

      8. DISNET

        9. DEFENSE INTEGRATED SECURE NETWORK

        DISNET is the name given to the single, integrated network which will result from combining DISNET 1 (Secret level), DISNET2 (Top Secret level), and DISNET 3 (SCI level) networks when multi-level security systems have been fully implemented. DISNET will ultimately be subsumed by DISN.

      9. DSN

        10. DEFENSE SWITCHED NETWORK

        The DSN will provide worldwide, state-of-the-art, cost effective, interbase telecommunications voice, data, and video service. It is designed to support critical users effectively during peacetime, crisis, and non-nuclear war, and to facilitate reconstruction of communications in a post-attack environment. The objective of the DSN is to evolve into the DISN, which will integrate voice, data, and video capabilities in a common user system to accommodate changing requirement, emerging technology, and improve pricing in the marketplace.

        DISN DEFENSE INFORMATION SYSTEMS NETWORK

        When fully implemented, DISN will combine the former Defense Communications System (DCS) networks of the existing DDN, and the Defense Switched Network (DSN) with the Defense Message System (DMS), as well as leased commercial connectivity into a new, common-user multi-media network. The DDN and DSN were established separately to perform different functions, such as transferring data between computer terminals and providing telecommunications for the DOD. The new global network will combine computer data and voice networks, incorporate communications satellites, and microwave relay as well as ordinary communications trunking cables. The network will automatically route the traffic via the most efficient path, regardless of the medium i.e., record message, voice, data, video, etc. The DISN is being managed by DISA.

      10. NIPRNET

        11. UNIFORM INTERNET PROTOCOL ROUTER NETWORK

        The NIPRNET is the consolidation of several service/agencies networks (AFNET, NAVNET, MILNET) with common protocols and standards. It is a product of the DISN near Term Program, which sought a reduction in cost of operation through interoperability and standardization. Connectivity over high-speed trunking is supported by the NIPRNET. It operates at the unclassified level, while the SIPRNET supports classified networks in a similar manner.

      11. SIPRNET

        12. SECRET INTERNET PROTOCOL ROUTER NETWORK

        SIPRNET will replace the DSNET-1 during the migration to DISN. It operates at the SECRET Collateral level and can interface with the TROJAN network. It provides higher and selectable data rates at a much lower O&M recurring cost. Inter-site data rates are 512 Kbps and in some cases T-1. Users can connect to the network at selectable data rates that meet the need.

      12. DEB

        13. DIGITAL EUROPEAN BACKBONE

        DEB refers to the DCS digital microwave system in Europe. DEB upgraded and converted to the previous analog line of sight microwave and selected troposcatter links to bulk encrypted, digital transmission. Typically, DEB links provide a transmission capacity of 25 mbps and 400 channels between nodes. It provides communications security up to TOP SECRET/SIOP-ESI.

      13. ETHICS

        14. EUROPEAN THEATER HIGH CAPACITY

        INTELLIGENCE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

        ETHICS is a European subset of the Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS). It will augment DOD common user systems where such systems lack either the capability or capacity should satisfy specific Intelligence Community requirements. It will consist of both fixed and deployable communications nodes collocated with the principal theater Intelligence and Command and Control (C2) elements. It will include secure voice teleconferencing capability between the theater intelligence producers who will be in the United Kingdom and the users of their products who will be, for the most part, on the Continent or, in some cases, deployed with a Joint/ Combined Task Force.

      14. IINCOMNET

        15. INTRATHEATER INTELLIGENCE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK

        IINCOMNET is a packet switched data network system providing secure and survivable communications systems for dissemination of intelligence in a conventional threat environment. It links major intelligence production centers in Europe, interconnects theater processing facilities and operational combat units, and provides gateways to key US and NATO command and control nodes. IINCOMNET operates as a subnet of the DDN for use by USAFE as the primary means in exchanging classified NATO releasable information. It offers teleconferencing, electronic mail, data base query and response, and data base synchronization.

      15. SOCRATES

        16. SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND, RESEARCH,

        ANALYSIS, AND THREAT EVALUATION SYSTEM

        SOCRATES is the baseline USSOCOM Intelligence Data Handling System (IDHS) and pro-vides a wide range of mission-directed, automated intelligence and imagery support to USSOCOM, component headquarters, and USCENTCOM (in garrison). SOCRATES is projected for USSOCOM mission support units, theater SOCs, and forward-deployed SOF. SOCRATES is being

        extended in an SCI LAN Extension and Stand Alone capability configuration. The SCI LAN encompasses a full suite of SOCRATES equipment, including workstations, secondary imagery dissemination systems, and a mapping and graphics capability. The stand-alone capability provides a workstation with tailored data bases specific to unit operational orientation. Stand Alone capabilities are being provided to Guard and Reserve units as well as to certain active, lower-echelon units.

      16. DICS

        17. DEPLOYABLE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNICATIONS SUPPORT

        The DICS is the field extension of the USACOM Intelligence Network. It is a deployable intelligence workstation and, depending on operational needs, can be configured to meet several applications. One JDISS configuration operates at the collateral level and another at a compartmented (SCI) level. Selected terminals provide an imagery transmission capability. These applications offer a standardized terminal to replace other command systems such as PORTS and FIST. The Joint Deployable Intelligence Support System (JDISS) will become the principal workstation used by USACOM and other commands to disseminate data, imagery, and facsimile intelligence to the field.

      17. LATIN

        18. LANTCOM THEATER INTELLIGENCE NETWORK

        LATIN is the name of the program to implement the USCINCLANT/Commander in Chief US Atlantic Fleet (CINCLANTFLT) IDHS functional capabilities and provide the communications connectivity to the DDN DSNET3 SCI Network for all headquarters users and subordinate commands connected to the IDHS. This program is also used to identify and provide the communications necessary to connect LANTFLT users to the LANTCOM IDHS. A follow-on effort is already underway to implement a new five-year effort to continue LATIN modernization and network expansion.

      18. SINET

        19. STRATCOM INTELLIGENCE NETWORK

        The SINET serves as the backbone communications network between all components of the STRATCOM IDHS. It provides high-speed secure, local area networking (data) and associated value-added capabilities (print/plot, graphics, mail, file server, etc.) for USSTRATCOM intelligence projects and interfaces. It provides communications with the external intelligence community via the DSNET 3 portion of the DDN. SINET provides for future growth to allow distributive processing and control and operation of intelligence data flow beginning at interface units and gateways that separate the host, work station, LANs or other local sub-networks from the SINET and server/segment hardware and software. It is secure at the Top Secret SCI system high level.

      19. INTELNET

        20. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

        The NICS is designed to consolidate Naval Intelligence communications systems. The system has three parts. INTELCAST plan calls for each FOCIC or Facility to consolidate up to 12 different message traffic circuits, including OPINTEL, MUSIC, FIST, and DODIIS through INTELDATA extended in an SCI LAN Extension and Stand Alone capability configuration. The SCI LAN encompasses a full suite of SOCRATES equipment, including workstations, secondary imagery dissemination systems, and a mapping and graphics capability. The Stand Alone capability provides a workstation with tailored data bases specific to unit operational orientation. Stand Alone capabilities are being provided to Guard and Reserve units as well as to certain active, lower-echelon units.

      20. MUSIC

        21. MULTI-USER SPECIAL INTELLIGENCE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

        MUSIC provides an exchange of Special Intelligence Information. MUSIC is an automated communications system that interfaces existing communications networks and incorporates the ability to receive, screen, and relay SCI tactical intelligence support to operational commanders afloat and ashore automatically. It is a multi-format system, capable of processing data in a variety of formats. It can also establish exchanges of information among its subscribers.

      21. NIPS

        22. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE PROCESSING SYSTEM

        The Naval Intelligence Processing System (NIPS) provides a comprehensive military intelligence data base which is used to support strike warfare, amphibious warfare, air operations, mission planning, and the command and control needs of the Naval and/or Joint Task Force Commander. It consists of a technical database of friendly, neutral, and enemy systems and unit characteristics, orders of battle and capabilities. The NIPS system and its Central Data Base is an integral part of the Navy’s NTCS-A/Unified Build Program and has been developed as part of the Navy’s migration strategy in support of GCCS.

      22. JDISS

        23. JOINT DEPLOYABLE INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT SYSTEM

        JDISS is the coordinated, General Defense Intelligence Program community sponsored system to provide intelligence support to deployed Joint Task Forces (JTFs). The program was established to provide: 1) deployed JTF commanders access to theater and national intelligence; 2) deployed JTF commanders the means to transmit tactically derived information back to the national community: 3) on-demand broad bandwidth intelligence communications connectivity; and 4) a family of DODIIS standardized high performance workstation communications equipment, cryptographic devices, transport packing, software and life cycle support. JDISS is integrated from commercial off the shelf and government off the shelf products.

      23. JWICS

        24. JOINT WORLDWIDE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

        JWICS is a SCI high, interactive video teleconferencing system connecting indications and Warning centers and the Washington area Secure Video Teleconferencing System. It enables I&W centers to share timely information with other Watch Centers throughout DOD in order to ensure 24 hour a day operational intelligence support for worldwide events of concern to senior decision makers. It is used to "broadcast" daily and/or crisis intelligence briefings from any one site to one or more sites. In addition to video teleconferencing capabilities, JWICS provides capabilities for transmission of photographs, maps, and other graphic materials.

      24. GMFSC

        25. GROUND MOBILE FORCES SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

        GMFSC is the primary space-based multi channel communications capability available for deployed tactical forces on a worldwide basis. GMFSC employs mobile SHF terminals and the DSCS satellite constellation along with NATO SATCOM IV and the British Skynet satellites on a shared basis. The GMF system also furnishes long haul transmission media for meeting both a deployed force’s internal communications needs as well as external connectivity between tactical commands of the Army, Marine Corps, and the Air Force. GMFSC accesses the DCS through GMF SHF Gateways at specified DSCS earth stations.

      25. STU-III

        26. SECURE TELEPHONE UNIT 3RD GENERATION

        The STU-III is a telephone desk set usable as both a secure telephone and an unsecured administrative phone for designated users of common user telephone systems. The STU-III is not compatible with the Advanced Narrow band Digital Voice Terminal or Digital Switched Voice Terminal except through a Red Switch. It can also be used as a data modem to connect secure facsimile machines or to connect remote personal computers to mainframes. The STU-IIIA is compatible with the STU-II/B used by NATO.

      26. INMARSAT-ST

        27. INTERNATIONAL MARITIME SATELLITE Terminal

        The INMARSAT-ST is a lightweight commercial, satellite terminal, which provides global secure voice, facsimile, and data transfer in a point-to-point mode, or through an international, commercial, switched, telephone network. INMARSAT-STs are required to reduce dependency on UHF satellite communications for long-range, non-combatant missions. This terminal would primarily be used to provide a direct link between a deployed SOF unit and its headquarters. This system is capable of voice transmission at 9600 bps and data at 56/64 Kbps, weighs 75 pounds, can be set up in five minutes, can be transported as luggage on commercial aircraft, and can accept a wide range of input voltages.

      27. STICS

        28. SCALABLE TRANSPORTABLE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

        STICS is an NSA sponsored program, which is designed for ease of deployed communications. STICS is a lightweight deployable UHF SATCOM terminal (LST5) secured by KY-57 cryptographic equipment. STICS will be used to connect the Joint Special Operations Task Force (JSOTF) and other SOF deployed elements, as required.

        SOF-IV SOF INTELLIGENCE VEHICLE

        The SOF-IV is a deployable, automated, multi-source, near real time, intelligence system that is interoperable with theater Intelligence Data Handling Systems (IDHSs), SOF intelligence systems, and national assets. SOF-IV extends the capabilities of the Special Operations Command Research and threat Evaluation System (SOCRATES).

      28. TRIGS GPF

        29. TACTICAL RECONNAISSANCE INTELLIGENCE GROUND STATION

        The TRIGS GPF is the ground processing facility for airborne tactical reconnaissance. The airborne platform (TR-1) uses a Commanders’ Tactical Terminal (CTT) for connectivity to the ground station and to other airborne platforms in the CTT network. This provides a long range, line of sight propagation path to/from intelligence producers and consumers with the possibility for air to air relay of data. The CTT network has the following capabilities: Total communications connectivity; Simultaneous secure data and voice; frequency agile HAVE QUICK compatible; Anti-jam capable; Full duplex UHF data link using TDMA, FDMA protocol; Light weight Airborne relays for reliable LOS connectivity; and full MIL/SPEC tempest certified Field terminals.

      29. HAVE QUICK

        30. HAVE QUICK is an anti-jamming system for airborne and ground-to-air UHF radios. It is installed as an applique, which converts existing radios to frequency hopping capable radios. The current standard is HAVE QUICK II (slow hopping rate). The HAVE QUICK IIA fast hopping mode (SATURN) is a potential NATO standard. The HAVE QUICK waveform will be usable in the Navy’s ARC-210 Combo Radio.

      30. DAMA

        31. DEMAND ASSIGNED MULTIPLE ACCESS

        DAMA was developed to provide increased capacity and flexibility with the Navy’s UHF SATCOM program. The UHF DAMA subsystem employs time division multiple access (TDMA) to multiple voice, Teletype (TTY, data, and various Fleet SATCOM automated information exchange subsystems) onto a single UHF 25 kHz satellite channel. Mini-DAMA is the second phase of UHF DAMA development that will provide a miniaturized version of the system’s multiplexer for installation in ships, submarines, aircraft, and portable shelters. Mini-DAMA equipment will perform the same functions as the UHF DAMA equipment, i.e., take several baseband signals, use TDMA techniques to combine/recombine and organize hem, and receive or initiate RF burst transmissions using internal or external RF capabilities.

      31. MSE

        32. MOBILE SUBSCRIBER EQUIPMENT

        The MSE provides the Army with a highly mobile all-digital, secure, automatic switching tactical communications capability. MSE provides voice, data, teletype, and facsimile communications for digital radiotelephone users, switched-system subscribers, and Combat Net Radio (CNR) users. MSE permits mobile users anywhere in the network area to place and receive calls similar to using a telephone. The system significantly reduces the need to install wire and cable when establishing command posts. It consists of five major hardware functional elements: subscriber terminals, multiple subscriber terminals, wire subscriber access, area coverage, and system control.

        Subscriber Terminals includes Subscriber Telephones (DNVT). Facsimile Equipment (FAX) and a data interface capability.

        Mobile Subscriber Access provides a Mobile Subscriber radiotelephone Terminal (MSRT) for use by designated critical mobile subscribers.

        Wire subscriber access contains Large and Small Extension Nodes (LENs and SENs), consisting of Large and Small Extension, Node Switches (LESs and SESs) and line-of-sight (LOS) radios, to be deployed at Command Posts to serve static wire subscribers.

        Area coverage consists of Node Centers (NCs), including Node Center Switches (NCSs), Radio Access Units (RAUs) and LOS radios, which provide a tandem switched network and the interface between mobile and wire subscribers.

        System Control with a System Control Center (SCC) offers an automatic planning and management capability, including Network or System Status. Figure 6-10 MSE in Saudi Arabia

        Several items are associated with MSE. The following is provided as a description of several of these items in order to enhance your understanding of their functions. It is critical that you under-stand the function, and quantity of each item associated with your command. This understanding will assist you greatly in establishing time lines for articulating signal requirements in support of the IBOS communications architecture.

        FAXSIMILE AN/UXC-7

        Digital (16 kbps)

        Black and white

        No special paper

        Transmit 8-1/2 X 11 page in 15 seconds

        NATO interoperable (STANAG 5000, Type 1)

        DIGITAL NON-SECURE VOICE TELEPHONE (DNVT) TA-1035/U Digital: (16kbps)

        4-wire with data port to interface

        Facsimile

        Data

        Compatible with DSVT (KY-68)

        The DNVT is both a telephone set and an interface between MSE facsimile/user-provided data terminals and the subscriber access function.

        MOBILE SUBSCRIBER RADIO TELEPHONE TERMINAL (MSRT) AN/VRC-97 RE-CEIVER- TRANSMITTER RT 1539

        Digital: (16 kbps)

        Full duplex

        Worldwide operation

        Automatic power control

        Automatic reaffiliation

        Nominal range: 15 km

        U.S. COMSEC

        CONUS frequency range

        Low band 30 - 35 MHz

        High band 40 - 50 MHz

        OCONUS frequency range

        Low band 30-51 MHz

        High band 59 - 88 MHz

        DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER VOICE TERMINAL (DSVT, KY-68)

        Digital: (16 kbps)

        4-wire with data port to interface

        Facsimile

        Data

        Compatible with DNVT

        The RT-1539 Receiver Transmitter provides automatic power adjustment of radiated emissions to and from the RAU to minimize enemy detection and interference.

        LARGE EXTENSION NODE SWITCH (LES) AN/TTC-46

        Two shelters

        Switching group/ON/305/TTC-46

        Operations group/OL-412/TTC-46

        External termination:

        Digital: a maximum of 176

        Analog: for commercial application

        Two digital transmission groups (secure) to two different node centers

        Flood search routing

        Combat net radio interface

        10 kW diesel generator PU-753/M

        SMALL EXTENSION NODE SWITCH (SES) AN/TTC-48(V)

        Two SB-4303

        One digital transmission group (secure) 16 channel to node center

        Two versions

        V1 - 26 digital terminations

        V2 - 41 digital terminations

        10 kW diesel generator PU-753/M

        External termination

        Analog for commercial application

        Combat Net Radio interface

        LINE-OF-SIGHT RADIO (LOS) AN/TRC-190(V)

        AN/GRC-226(V) equipped with DGM

        Two frequency bands

        Band 1- 225 to 400 MHz

        Band 3 - 1350 to 1850 MHz

        Nominal range: 25 km

        Four versions

        V1 - SEN

        V2 - NATO/Analog Interface

        V3 - NC

        V4 - LEN

        5 kW diesel generator PU-751/M

        DOWN-THE-HILL RADIO AN/GRC-224

        Components

        RF Unit - Antenna Mounted

        Control Unit - Shelter Mounted

        Frequency: SHF Band

        Nominal range: 10 km

        NODE CENTER SWITCH (NCS) AN/TTC-47

        Two shelters

        Switching group ON-306/TTC-47

        Operations group OL-413/TTC-47

        External termination

        Digital for trunks and local loops

        Analog: NATO application

        Flood search routing

        10 kW diesel generator PU-753/M

        RADIO ACCESS UNIT (RAU) AN/TRC-191

        Eight digital (16 kbps) radios RT-1539

        Nominal range: 15 km

        One digital transmission group (secure) to NCS

        CONUS frequency range

        Low band 30 - 35 MHz

        High band 40 - 50 MHz

        OCONUS frequency range

        Low band 30-51 MHz

        High band 59 - 88 MHz

        5 kW diesel generator PU-751/M

        LINE-OF-SIGHT RADIO (LOS) AN/GRC-226(V)

        AN/GRC-226(V) equipped with DGM

        Nominal range: 25 km

        Frequency bands: 225 to 400 MHz and 1350 to 1850 MHz

        5 kW diesel generator PU-751/M

        DIGITIAL GROUP MULTIPLEXER (DGM)

        Orderwire Control Unit (OCU)

        Type 1 (C-11878)/T installed NCS/LEN/SEN/RAU/LOS

        Group Modem (GM) (MD-1231)

        Up to four groups

        Conditioned diphase

        Installed SEN/RAU/SCC/LOS

        Loop Group Multiplexer (LGM) (TD-1246)

        15 channels

        256 kbps

        Installed SEN/RAU/SCC

        CORPS SCC AN/TYQ-35(V)1

        DIVISION SCC AN/TYQ-35(V)1

        SCC COMMAND SHELTER OL-416/TYQ-35(V)

        Multicolor graphic display

        Two VDU work stations

        Powered by technical shelter

        SCC TECHNICAL SHELTER OL-415/TYQ-35(V)

        RITA processor and memory

        All SCC computing functions

        10 kW diesel generator PU-753/M

        SCC PLANNING SHELTER OL-414/TYQ-35(V)2

        Deployed at Corps only

        Two VDU work stations 5

        KW diesel generator PU-751/M

         

      32. SUPPORT ASSEMBLAGES:

        33. MANAGEMENT FACILITY (MF) AN/TSQ-154

        The MF has the equipment and space required to manage Node assets. Housed in a S-250 extended shelter. The MF is transported by a HMMWV, which pulls a PU-753/M 10 kW trailer-mounted diesel generator. Equipment in this shelter interfaces with the MSE System Control Center deployed with NCSs and LENs.

        NCS SUPPORT TRUCK

        A HMMWV with canvas top which carries antennas, masts, and cables.

        30-METER MAST AB-1340/G

        One 30-meter mast will be provided for each Node Center. It will be carried in the Node Sup-port Vehicle (NSV) trailer. Accessories are in the NSV. Deployment determines the need for 30-meter masts in the Corps area.

        MAINTENANCE FACILITY AN/TSM-182

        Consists of one S-250E shelters on HMMWVs; one vehicle tows a PU-753/M 10 kW trailer-mounted diesel generator, and the other vehicle tows a cargo trailer. Each shelter provides bench space for two repairmen and storage space for ground support equipment.

        LES CABLE TRUCK

        A HMMWV with canvas top which carries junction boxes, remote multiplexer combiners and cables.

         

      33. MSE INTEROPERABILITY CAPABILITIES

        34. COMBAT NET RADIO

        (Through KY-90 radio inter-face)

        NATO

        Analog (STANAG 5040)

        Digital (STANAGs 4206 -4212, 4214)

        Facsimile (STANAG 5000, Type 1) AN/UXC-7

        DIGITAL CIRCUIT SWITCHES

        AN/TTC-39

        AN/TTC-42

        SB-3865

         

        DIGITAL MESSAGE SWITCH

        AN/TYC-39

        DIGITAL TELEPHONES

        Digital subscriber voice terminal (KY-68)

        Digital non-secure voice terminal (TA-1035/U) or (TA-954/TT)

        SATELLITE TRMINALS

        AN/TSC-85A

        AN/TSC-93A

        COMMERCIAL NETWORKS

        DATA

        NDI Single Subscriber Terminal (SST) Figure 6-12 TYC-39

         

      34. SINGLE CHANNEL GROUND & AIRBORNE RADIO

        35. The Single Channel Ground & Airborne Radio (SINCGARS) is the backbone of U.S. ground forces line-of-sight (LOS) FM communications. The SINCGARS is a family of VHF-FM (30-88 MHz), frequency-hopping, jam-resistant, combat net radios which provide the primary means of C2 for infantry, armor, and artillery units. The SINCGARS system is designed on a modular basis to achieve maximum commonality among various ground and airborne system configurations. The SINCGARS family of radios has the capability to transmit and receive voice, tactical data and record traffic messages, and is consistent with NATO interoperability requirements. Developed by the US Army for voice and data communications, SINCGARS is being incorporated by the Navy into a HAVE QUICK/SINCGARS version of the AN/ARC-182 radio to provide interoperable AJ protection in the VHF-UHF bands using one radio (Combo Radio, designated the AN/ARC-210) for use in aircraft. Its characteristics include:

      35. SINCGARS

        36. Frequency Range (MHz): 30.000 to 87.975

        Channel Spacing (kHz): 25 kHz

        Number of Frequencies: 2320

        Tuning: Keyboard entry

        Memory Retained

        8 SC Positions

        6 HF Positions

        Planning Range: 300 Meters to 40 Kilometers

        (4 settings)

        ECCM Capability SC Frequency Offset

        Frequency Hopping

        Self-Test: Yes

        NATO Compatibility: SC Only

        Nuclear Survivability: Yes

        COMSEC Capability Integrated into

        Receiver - Transmitter

         

      36. ANCD

Name: Automated Net Control Device

Nomenclature: AN/CYZ-10

Size: 6.3" X 4.4" X 2.0"

Weight: Approximately 2 LB, with batteries

Power: 3-Volt Lithium Batteries, 3 each

Replaces: KYK-13, KYX-15, and KOI-18, Paper SOI

Purpose: Receive, store, transfer data

Uses: Carrier for data distribution

Transfer data from ANCD to ANCD

Load Radio (6 Chan, Both COMSEC & HF)

Eliminate need for paper SOI

Over-The-Air Transfer of COMSEC/SOI

TM 11-5820-890-10-6 Operator’s pocket guide and TM 11-5820-890-10-7 Net Control Station (NCS) pocket guide are outstanding references, and should be acquired by anyone planning to use the SINCGARS as a primary means of FM communications. The SINCGARS can be operated in single channel or frequency hopping mode. The SINCGARS radio sets include a manpack radio (AN/PRC-119A) and a vehicular radio (AN/VRC-92A).


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