Annex E. International Armaments Strategy
Army Science and Technology Master Plan (ASTMP 1997)

J. Electronic Warfare/Directed Energy Weapons

Design of EW and directed energy systems often demands detailed intelligence regarding the characteristics of the system being attacked. To the extent that this requires disclosure of threat intelligence, international cooperation is impeded. There are, however, several areas of technology of a more general dual use nature, including high power microwave tubes (in which France and the UK have significant capabilities) and lasers, where the France and Germany have strong capabilities. Table E.II-9 provides a summary of potential opportunities for each technology subarea.

Table E.II-9. Electronic Warfare and Directed Energy Weapons

J. ELECTRONIC WARFARE AND DIRECTED ENERGY WEAPONS	UNITED KINGDOM	FRANCE	GERMANY	OTHER COUNTRIES	JAPAN	PACIFIC RIM	FSU
ELECTRONIC ATTACK	Research in these areas may require sharing of sensitive threat information and is handled on a case-by-case basis
ELECTRONIC SUPPORT
ELECTRONIC PROTECTION
RF DEWs	HPM	HPM					Russia, Ukraine HPM
LASERS	Low energy lasers	Laser materials			High energy lasers Low energy lasers		Russia High energy lasers Low energy lasers

The following subsections identify specific opportunities where existing or near-term pending agreements offer significant potential benefits.