Annex E. International Armaments Strategy
Army Science and Technology Master Plan (ASTMP 1997)

N. Manpower, Personnel, and Training

Investment in manpower, personnel, and training are essential to maximize human military performance. The soldier of the future must be intelligent, physically fit, educated, highly motivated, and well-trained. Table E.II-13 summarizes capabilities for each technical subarea.

Table E.II-13. Manpower, Personnel, and Training

N. MANPOWER, PERSONNEL AND TRAINING	UNITED KINGDOM	FRANCE	GERMANY	OTHER COUNTRIES	JAPAN	PACIFIC RIM	FSU
MANPOWER AND PERSONNEL	EC Nations have capabilities and are involved in cooperative programs					Australia New Zealand Participate in TTCP in this area
TRAINING	Dynamic training and simulation	Dynamic training and simulation		Canada Simulators and displays	Distributed training and simulation of complex enterprises

International cooperation in the areas of Manpower, Personnel, and Training (MPT) is taking place through a variety of avenues. The United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand pursue collaborative research and actively exchange information on defense research and development (R&D) projects through the Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP). Examples of collaborative MPT research include simulator sickness in virtual reality environments, selection tests for tank gunners, and the effects of workload levels and stress on decision-making. Collaborative research also occurs through the Defense Research Group (Panel 8, Human and Biomedical Sciences) of the NATO Armaments and Research Organization. For example, the United States is gaining valuable information regarding the fielding of computer-based selection tests in Germany and Belgium and on use of distance learning in European countries. The NATO Research Study Group on Advanced Training Technologies participated in a workshop on virtual reality in March 1995.

The following section briefly describes one potential area of opportunity.