IV.L.01—Installation Restoration.  Provide cheaper and more effective technologies for cleanup of soil, sediment, groundwater, and surface water contaminated with hazardous and toxic wastes from past military activities. Provide technologies to reduce explosives–contaminated site remediation costs by 50% using biological degradation as an alternative to incineration by the end of FY95. By the end of FY96, provide technologies to reduce the costs of decontaminating organics–contaminated soil and ground water by 30% using innovative chemical, biological, and physical processes. By the end of FY97, provide technologies to reduce the cost of remediating heavy metals–contaminated soils by enhanced physical separation processes. By the end of FY98, develop concept guidance on the implementation of in situ biological processes for remediation of explosives contaminated soils.

Supports: Tri–Service Environmental Quality Strategic Action Plan.

IV.L.04—Sustainable Military Use and Stewardship of Army Lands.  The goal is to improve military access to and stewardship of training/testing lands through improved knowledge bases and predictive tools that integrate multiple landscape factors into decision aids for military land use planning and management. By the end of FY00, develop measures to match land use with environmental conditions affecting land capacity. By FY01, provide simulation tools for erosion management and land rehabilitation options to restore/maintain lands for sustained use. By the end of FY01, provide better understanding of cause–effect relationships and models to simulate mission impacts on key protected species. By the end of FY02, provide a military land management decision support capability integrating erosion, land use and rehabilitation, and species impact models with land capacity.

Benefits include improved training realism and safety, reduced maintenance costs for equipment and land, increased flexibility in land use, up to 50% reduced constraints on access to land (at present, approximately 2 million acres are constrained), and reduced fines due to environmental compliance.

Supports: National Environmental Policy Act, Endangered Species Act, Historic Preservation Act, Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, and FOC EN97–027

This proposed STO has been endorsed by Larry Chenkin, ATSC, (757) 878–3090.

IV.L.05—Munitions Production Compliance Technology.  The goal is to develop industrial installation compliance technologies to enable the Army industrial facilities to maintain production capability while achieving a 20% to 30% reduction in compliance costs under existing and projected effluent limitations. By the end of FY99, complete bench scale studies of energetic degradation under sulfate reducing conditions.

By FY00, reductive electrochemical processes for treating energetic (propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics) waste streams contaminated with nitro–aromatics, nitramine or nitrate esters that will meet discharge permit limits with a lower cost and greater operational flexibility than conventional technology. By the end of FY01, sequential bioreactor technology for treatment of energetic contaminated industrial facility waste to substantially reduce the capital and operating costs of Army industrial facilities. Current treatment/disposal costs range from $200 to $300 per ton, the goal is a 20% reduction in treatment costs. One installation, alone, can generate in excess of 4,500 tons of energetic contaminated waste per year.

The benefit of this technology is compliance with existing and evolving environmental regulations allowing production unencumbered by environmental concerns.

Supports: AMC manufacture of ammunition for Tri–Services and FOC – EN97–027

This proposed STO has been endorsed by the Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management. ACSIM POC is Kathleen O’Halloran (703–693–0549)

IV.L.07p—Environmental Cleanup.  Provide cheaper and more effective technologies for site assessment and treatment of soils and groundwater contaminated with explosives and energetics (TNT, HMX, and RDX) and heavy metals (lead). By end of FY99, construct explosives/energetics exposure and effects models for use during site environmental risk assessments, reducing cleanup design costs by 20% by cutting risk analysis time in half (reduce from years to months). By the end of FY01, develop in–situ heavy metals extraction for lead, allowing reduced treatment costs from the previous $100–300/ton of soil to $50–150/ton and allowing treatment below existing structures, which is currently not possible. Also by the end of FY01, develop in–situ biotreatment processes for TNT, reducing costs from $100–500/cu.yd. in FY98 to $25–75/cu.yd. By the end of FY01, develop fate and transport risk assessment models and simulations for explosives and energetics that provide rapid contaminant fate predictions, improved risk assessment, and reduced design costs, allowing all risk assessment to be completed onsite. By end of FY02, develop advanced groundwater remediation technologies for TNT, providing increased treatment efficacy and flexibility with overall cost reduction from $1–5/kgal in FY95 to $0.10–2.00/kgal. By end of FY02, develop advanced visualization supporting onsite assessment during all cleanup phases, providing a 50% reduction in time (reduce from months to weeks) for data analysis and treatment selection.

Supports: DoD Reliance Defense Technology Area Plan and the Tri–Service Environmental Quality Strategic Action Plan.

This is a STO (Proposed). This Proposed STO has been endorsed by the Army Chief of Staff for Installation Management (ACSIM POC is Kathleen O’Halloran 703–693–0549).

IV.L.08—Airfields and Pavements to Support Force Protection.  The objective is to, by the end of FY02, provide improved pavement criteria for design/repair/material systems that will result in reduced DoD pavement construction costs (approximately $72M/yr in FY95 dollars), increased pavement reliability (approximately 20 percent) and reduced pavement construction effort (approximately 1 0 percent) in the Theater of Operation (TO). The criteria will consist of material specifications, construction practices, and pavement system design and evaluation models. This is a critical requirement for force strategic deployment from the Continental United States (CONUS) and operational employment in the TO. By the end of FY98, provide criteria for reliable airfields and pavements to support current generation military aircraft and vehicles through the use of local materials (which may be of inferior quality) and pavement binder modifications. This will extend the functional life of a pavement by one year ($250,000 life–cycle savings based on a 10,000 ft long runway). This objective will require new technologies for nonlinear visco–elastic and visco–plastic materials behavior affecting airfield and pavement performance. By the end of FY99, provide criteria for construction/design/repair systems to decrease construction effort by 10 percent for expedient surfaces in TO for military aircraft and vehicles. By the end of FY02, provide criteria for reliable airfields and pavements to support multiple passes of proposed future generation aircraft and military vehicles. Design, construction, and rehabilitation of Army and Air Force airfields is an Army Corps of Engineers responsibility under Project Reliance. This effort supports DTO MP.17.11.

IV.L.09—Force Protection on the Battlefield.  By the end of FY02, provide ballistic and low–signature protection for base clusters in tactical assembly areas by reducing target acquisition distances and increasing survivability from battlefield weapon threats by 3 0 percent. The objective is to develop concepts and criteria for protecting and concealing deploying forces from conventional weapons threats using indigenous or predesigned state–of–the–art materials. Provides a) integrated multispectral camouflage with lightweight construction materials for protective systems, b) validated protective concepts and structural safety assessment procedures, and c) rapid measures to protect critical assets in forward supply points and tactical assembly areas. Force protection will be provided against conventional munitions in operations short of war to high–level conflicts through development of capabilities that do not presently exist. By the end of FY99, provide sprayable multispectral tonedown agents for large area signature reduction. By the end of FY01, provide expedient protective concepts for key assets in forward logistics supply points, develop assessment procedures for the evaluation of the structural safety and protection provided by bunkers and fighting emplacements, and provide designs for fixed/long–dwell facility decoys.

IV.L.10—Lines of Communication (LOC) Assessment and Repair.  The objective is to develop, by the end of FY02, the technologies required for: assessment of in–theater road networks; assessment, classification, and rehabilitation of in–theater bridges; use of low quality or local materials for in–theater construction to increase road construction productivity per engineer battalion by 15 0 man–hours per day. The capabilities provided by these technologies are critical to successful execution of the strategic, operational, and tactical engineering mobility missions required to support Force XXI force projection. By the end of FY99, develop an analytical system for automated load classification of bridges (onsite and remote) reducing assessment time from 3 hrs to 0.5 hr per bridge. By the end of FY00, provide materials and techniques to maintain and repair in–theater operating surfaces while increasing productivity by 150 man–hours per battalion per day.

IV.L.11—Force Protection Against Terrorist Threats.  By the end of FY02, develop procedures to assess the vulnerability of structures that house military forces and methods to mitigate terrorist weapon effects and retrofit vulnerable building components to reduce required blast standoff distances by 40%. The goal is to provide the technology for assessing the risk and protecting the force from the effects of terrorist weapons, including small arms, rockets, mortars, and vehicle bombs. Included will be: (a) analytic software for calculating blast loads on structures, incorporating shielding effects of blast walls and other buildings; (b) methods for predicting damage to structures and building components and the associated hazard to personnel; and (c) effective techniques for retrofitting windows, doors, walls, and roofs. By the end of FY99, develop methods to use high–performance materials to increase the penetration resistance of structural components. By the end of FY01, develop techniques for retrofitting existing structures and mitigating the effects of terrorist impact/fragmentation weapons and vehicle bombs.