1998 Army Science and Technology Master Plan 1998 Army Science and Technology Master PlanThe Army basic research program is an integrated in–house and extramural research program. The in–house laboratory programs are driven by mission needs; the extramural program is chartered to provide a balance between long–term extramural research foci–pursued through Army–funded academic COEs and industry–led federated laboratories—and unanticipated, more forward–looking research windows of scientific opportunity—pursued through the single investigator program. ARO and the management at the Army’s laboratories and RD&E organizations deliberate and coordinate in partnership to establish, implement, and meet overall Army research objectives. Despite receiving only a small portion of DoD’s basic research budget, the Army derives the maximum return on investment from its research program through its high degree of integration. Table V–7 summarizes how the scientific research areas described in this chapter support the six SROs defined to date; Table V–8 depicts how these scientific research areas support the ten technology areas described in Chapter IV.
The research areas described in the preceding sections of this chapter are dynamic and continuously updated. Programs are reviewed by multiservice organizations, by Army battle laboratory personnel, by peer reviews, and by coordinating groups established for each of the scientific areas. To illustrate the dynamic nature of the scientific areas, Table V–9 summarizes how certain research areas are receiving new or increasing emphasis and highlights recent accomplishments.
Much of the research supported by the U.S. Army is undertaken by distinguished scientists and engineers at American colleges and universities, as detailed in previous sections of this chapter. Not only does the Army benefit from the accomplishments of these people but they themselves receive honors bestowed on them by their peers. Table V–10 summarizes some of the awards received during the past year by the individuals shown for their research sponsored by the U.S. Army.
The Army’s science base is an essential foundation for the technology on which the Army’s ability to meet future threats depends. Research for the Army is performed by a blend of university and in–house components that are uniquely suited to the Army’s special requirements. Because of the fundamental role of the science base in shaping the Army’s technological future, the Army is committed to strongly support basic research.
Table V–7. Where Scientific Research Areas Support |
||||||
Scientific Research Area |
Strategic Research Objectives |
|||||
| Biomimetics | Nanoscience | Smart Materials | Mobile Wireless Communications | Intelligent Systems | Compact Power Sources | |
1.Mathematical Sciences |
|
|
|
|
||
2. Computer and Information Sciences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. Physics |
|
|
|
|
||
4. Chemistry |
|
|
|
|
||
5. Materials Sciences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6. Electronics Research |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7. Mechanical Sciences |
|
|
|
|
||
8.Atmospheric Sciences |
|
|
||||
9. Terrestrial Sciences |
|
|||||
10. Medical Research |
|
|
|
|||
11. Biological Sciences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
12. Behavioral, Cognitive, and Neural Sciences |
|
|
|
|||
 Significant impact  Some impact |
||||||
Table V–8. Impact of Basic Research Areas on the Chapter IV Technology Areas |
||||||||||||
Chapter IV (6.2) Technology Area |
Chapter V (6.1) Research Areas |
|||||||||||
| Mathematical Sciences | Computer and Information Sciences |
Physics | Chemistry | Materials Science | Electronics Research | Mechanical Sciences | Atmospheric Sciences | Terrestrial Sciences | Medical Research | Biological Sciences | Behavioral, Cognitive, and Neural Science | |
| Aerospace Propulsion and Power |
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Air Vehicles |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
| Chemical and Biological Defense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| Individual Survivability and Sustainability |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
| Command, Control, and Communications |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
| Computing and Software |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Conventional Weapons |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Electronic Devices |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Electronic Warfare/Directed Energy Weapons |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Civil Engineering and Environmental Quality |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Battlespace Environments |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Human Systems Interfaces |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
| Personnel, Performance, and Training |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Materials, Processes, and Structures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Medical and Biomedical Science and Technology |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
| Sensors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
| Ground Vehicles |
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Manufacturing Science and Technology |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
| Modeling and Simulation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
| Significant impact Some impact |
||||||||||||
Table V–9. Illustrations of the Dynamic Nature of Research Programs |
|||
Research Areas |
New Emphasis |
Increasing Emphasis |
Accomplishments |
| Mathematics and Computer Science | Mathematics of
biological/ natural systems |
Hybrid systems Image analysis Numerical methods for stocastic differential equations |
Graph partitioner
10 times faster than state–of–the–art spectral methods Geometric modeling, dynamic display, and fast rendering techniques Controllers for dynamic simulations of human/soldier systems |
| Physics | Image analysis Quantum computing |
Nanotechnology |
Conduction via
single quantum eigenstates in coulomb–blockaded quantum dots Performance bounds for ATR Elimination of optical self–focusing by population trapping 3D wire mesh photonic crystals |
| Chemistry | Dendritic
macromolecules Microturbines and thermophotovoltaics |
Diffusion and
permeability in polymers Chemical process modeling Direct oxidation fuel cells CB detection |
Environmentally
friendly solvent/chemical agent resistant elastomers Mechanisms of carbon hydrogen bond oxidation in homogeneous catalysis High aspect ratio etching of microturbine wheels Enhanced chemical agent reactivity of layered nanoscale metal oxides Complete hydrodechlorination of 1, 1, 1 trichloroethane and reduction of half mustard |
| Materials Science | Electroluminescent
porous silicon Molecular–based nanostructures Dendrimer polymers (modeling/simulation) |
High performance
fibers Nonequilibrium processing Biomimetic processing |
In situ
liquid crystal polymer (LCP)/thermoplastic microcomposites Flux–trapped superconducting magnets Diffusion–enhanced adhesion Modulated diamond–like carbon films High strength, tough microlayered polymer composites |
| Electronics | Demining Low energy electronics design for mobile platforms |
Optical control
of array antennas Image analysis and terahertz electronics Low power electronics with RF emphasis |
Multicarrier
direct sequence code division multiaccess with lower bit error rate First principles simulation using full band Monte Carlo Field–controlled piezo–tuning of microdevices |
| Mechanics | Aerothermophysics
for theater missile defense (TMD) missiles Sensing, actuation, control for advanced engines Real–time simulation of multibody dynamics Novel structural damping concepts Reliability of structures/ |
Advanced active
control—rotorcraft vibration and aeroacoustic coupling High pressure hydrocarbon combustion Composites in high strain rates Damage mechanics |
Fast Floquet
theory for computational determination of a helicopter’s stability in forward flight First planar laser–induced fluorescence (PLIF) images of shock–initiated combustion in supersonic gas mixtures Extension of shear band studies into 2D velocity and rate of energy dissipation in moving adiabatic shear bands First detailed mean and turbulence measurements in supersonic base flows with base bleed |
| Atmospheric and Terrestrial Sciences | Terrain analysis
and visualization Landscape process dynamics |
Stable boundary
layer Acoustic signal variability in turbulent atmosphere Terrain–vehicle interaction Ice adhesion and mechanics (macroscale) |
Theory for
turbulent scattering of acoustic waves in intermittent turbulence Theory of dynamic drag law for high–resolution atmospheric boundary condition Development of CB aerosol detector First generation, mathematically rigorous contact mechanics model for soil tire interaction Prototype cone penetrometer system for in–situ measurements of hydraulic conductivity |
| Medical | Receptor–targeted
drugs and antibodies Oxygen free radical scavengers Malaria Genone Project |
Genetic
engineering Microencapsulation of vaccines and drugs Performance–enhancing nutrients |
Oral treatment
(arteether) for drug–resistant malaria Topical treatment (paramomycin) for cutaneous leishmaniasis Diagnostic skin test for leishmaniasis |
| Biological Sciences | Plant
biotechnology Response and adaptation to environmental signals Enzymatic functions at extreme temperatures |
Biodegradative
microbiology Biodetection Nanoscale biomechanics Biocatalysis |
New detection
signature for pathogenic bacteria Isolation of genes required for establishing and maintaining hibernation Crystal structures of gene repressor and its complexes Incorporation of nonnatural amino acids into artificial proteins |
| Behavioral, Cognitive, and Neural Sciences | Perceptual
processes Attention fixation |
Night vision Long term skill retention Multimodal interfaces |
Depth perception
cue isolation and enhancement Determined role of commitment to performance |
Table V–10. Some of the Awards Received During the Past
Year by Scientists and Engineers |
||
Individual |
Affiliation |
Award Received |
| Acton, Prof. S. T. | Oklahoma State University | Eta Kappa Nu Young Electrical Engineer Award |
| Aggarwal, Prof. J. | Washington University | IEEE Computer Society Technical Achievement Award |
| Bajcsy, Prof. R. | University of Pennsylvania | National Academy of Engineering |
| Bancroft, COL W. H. | U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command | AMSUS Gorgas Medal |
| Bierman, Prof. P. | University of Vermont | Geological Society of America Donath Medal |
| Burke, COL D. S. | Walter Reed Army Institute of Research | President, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
| Chlamtac, Prof. I. | University of Texas | Assoc of Computing Machinery Fellow |
| Chopra, Prof. I. | University of Maryland | American Helicopter Society Fellow |
| Chu, Prof. B. | State University of New York, Stony Brook | Society of Polymer Science Award, Japan |
| Cover, Prof. T. M. | Stanford University | IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal for 1997 |
| Curl, Prof. R. | Rice University | Nobel Prize in Chemistry (shared) |
| Cushman, Prof. J. H. | Purdue University | American Geophysical Union Fellow |
| Dunn, Prof. B. | University of California, Los Angeles | Allied Sponsored Research Award; Fellow, American Ceramics Society |
| Fiedler, Prof. F. | University of Washington | Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award from the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology |
| Fields, Prof. L. | City University of New York | Fellow, American Psychological Association |
| Fridovich, Prof. I. | Duke University | Franklin Institute Elliot Cresson Medal |
| Friedman, Prof. P. | University of California, Los Angeles | 1996 AIAA Structures Structural Dynamics and Materials Award |
| Gessow, Prof. A. | University of Maryland | American Helicopter Society Lifetime Accomplishment Award |
| Grenander, Prof. U. | Brown University | National Academy of Science |
| Hall, Prof. H. | University of Arizona | American Chemical Society Cooperative Research Award in Polymer Science and Engineering |
| Happer, Prof. W. | Princeton University | American Physical Society H.P. Broida Prize |
| Ho, Prof. C. M. | University of California, Los Angeles | National Academy of Engineering |
| Honig, Prof. M. | Northwestern University | IEEE Fellow |
| Kolb, Dr. C. E. | Aerodyne Research Inc. | 1997 American Chemical Society Award for Creative Advances in Environmental Science and Technology |
| Lakshminaryana, Prof. B. | Pennsylvania State University | ASME 1996 Fluid Dynamics Award |
| McIntosh, Prof. R. E. | University of Massachusetts | National Academy of Engineering |
| MacKnight, Prof. W. | University of Massachusetts | 1997 American Chemical Society Polymer Research Award |
| Montgomery, Prof. W. W. | Western Michigan University | Geological Society of America Award for Outstanding Student Research |
| Pandolf, Dr. K. | U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine | President–Elect, International Society for Adaptive Medicine |
| Perepezko, Prof. J. | University of Wisconsin | Minerals, Metals and Materials Society Bruce Chalmers Award |
| Pope, Prof. G. | University of Texas, Austin | Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Achievement Award |
| Popovic, Prof. | University of Colorado, Boulder | International Union of Radio Science Koga Award |
| Rebeiz, Prof G. | University of Michigan | IEEE Fellow |
| Rogers, Prof. C. | Virginia Polytechnic Institute | ASME Fellow |
| Russell, Prof. T. | University of Colorado, Denver | Campus Researcher of the Year Award for 1996 |
| Rutledge, Prof. D. | California Institute of Technology | 1997 IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society Distinguished Educator Award |
| Schmaljohn, Dr. C. S. | U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases | Dalyrmple–Young Award, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
| Segal, Prof. D. | University of Maryland | Presidential appointee to the Board of Visitors, United States Military Academy (USMA) |
| Sirignano, Prof. W. | Univ of California, Irvine | Combustion Institute Egarton Gold Medal |
| Smalley, Prof. R. | Rice University | Nobel Prize in Chemistry (shared) |
| Smith, Prof. J. A. | Princeton University | University Engineering Council Teaching Award for 1996 |
| Tsvankin, Prof. I. | Colorado School of Mines | Society of Exploration Geophysicists Virgil Kaufman Gold Medal |
Click here to go to next page of document