Chapter 3 / IV

Mortar	60-mm M-57	82-mm 2B9 automatic	82-mm 2B14-1 Podnos	120-mm 2B11/2S12	120-mm M1943
range, conventional (km)	75-2500	100-5000	80-4270	460-7100	500-5700
extended range				9000
ammunition types	HE Illumination Smoke	HE-Frag HEAT Smoke Incendiary Illumination Chemical	HE-Frag Illumination smoke	HE-Frag Smoke Incendiary Illumination Chemical IRTHSM DPICM-ER DPICM HEAT	HE HE-Frag Smoke Illumination Incendiary Chemical
rate of fire (rpm) maximum	30	100	24	10	9
sustained		300 first hour			70 first hour
elevation (degrees)	40 to 85	-1 to 85	45 to 85	45 to 80	45 to 80
traverse (degrees)		20	8	5, 26 moving bipod	6 total
mount type		split-trail carriage, w/emplacement jack		baseplate & tripod or GAZ-66 truck	baseplate & tripod
basic load				48
emplacement/displacement time (min)		varies		3/3	Varies
weight (kg)	19.4	645	41800	3640	521.5 total, 283.5 firing position
crew	2	3	4	5	6
remarks		The 2B9 is a breech-loaded, recoil-operated mortar using a 4-round clip. Not shown.	Muzzle-loaded, smoothbore, man-packed mortar.		Not shown

Towed Artillery	152-mm 2A36 Field Gun	152-mm 2A65 Howitzer	152-mm D-20 Gun-Howitzer
range, conventional (km)	28.5	6.5-24.7	17.4
extended range	44	28.9	20.5
direct fire
rate of fire (rpm), burst	6	8	6
sustained	1	1	1
ammunition type	HE HE-BB HE-Frag ICM APT concrete piercing, chemical nuclear Krasnopol semi-active laser-guided	HE-Frag ICM Illumination Krasnopol Santimeter Smoke VHF jammer Chemical nuclear	HE-Frag HEAT-SS Smoke Chemical Nuclear Illumination Flechette Mines Incendiary CP RAP incendiary
elevation (degrees)	-2.5 to 57	-3.5 to 70	-5 to 45
traverse (degrees)	25	-27	58
emplace/displace time (min)	5/10	2	2.5/2.5
speed towing, road (kph)	80	80	60
off road	45	20	15
prime mover		Ural-4320	AT-S track, MTLB-T, Ural-375, Ural-4320
weight (kg)	9800	7000	5700
length (m), travel position			8.89
width (m)			2.317
height (m)			2.52
crew			8
remarks	ICM round penetration is 100-mm.

Towed Artillery	122-mm D-30 Howitzer	130-mm M-46 Gun	155-mm G5 (SA)
range, conventional (km)	4-15.3	27.15	30
extended range	21.9		39
direct fire		1.14	5
rate of fire (rpm), burst	8	8	3
sustained	4	5	2
ammunition type	HE-Frag HEAT-FS Kitolov-2M Chemical Illumination Smoke HE-Frag-RAP Flechette incendiary	HE-Frag APC-T Smoke Illumination chemical	HE-Frag smoke, illumination Leaflet submunitions
elevation (degrees)	-7 to 70	-2.5 to 45	-3 to 75
traverse (degrees)	360	50	82
emplace/displace time (min)	1.5-2.5/1.5-2.5	6/7	2
speed towing, road (kph)	60	50	90
off road	25	20	16
prime mover	MTLB-T, ZIL-131, ZIL-157, Ural-375D	AT-P tractor, AT-S track, ATS-59 tractor, M-1972 medium artillery tractor	10-ton vehicle
weight (kg)	3210	8450	13750
length (m), travel position		11.73	11.4
width (m)		2.45	3.3
height (m)		2.55	2.3
crew	8	8	5
remarks	HEAT round penetration is 460 mm.	Variants: Type 59 & 59-1 of China, M59-1M of Egypt	in service in Iran, Iraq, south Africa, Quatar

Self-Propelled Artillery	122-mm 2S1 Howitzer	152-mm 2S3 Howitzer	152-mm 2S5 Gun	203-mm 2S7 Gun
range, conventional (km)	15.3	4-17.3	28.5	37.5
extended range	21.9	24	50	55
direct fire	1
ammunition type	DPICM-ER DPICM HEAT smoke HE-Frag HE-Frag-RAP illumination incendiary chemical Flechette Kitolov semi-active laser-guided	HE-Frag HEAT-FS HE-Frag-RA DPICM DPICM-BB APT Illumination Smoke 0.2 kt nuclear chemical incendiary Flechette AT mine AP mine TV recon Jammer Krasnapol	APT chemical concrete piercing HE HE-Frag ICM Flechette Illumination Smoke Krasnopol & Santimeter semi-active laser-guided nuclear	concrete piercing HE HE-Frag HE-RAP DPICM
elevation (degrees)	-3 to 70	-4 to 60	-3 to 68	0 to 60
traverse (degrees)	360	360	30	30
rate of fire (rpm) maximum	6	6	6	2.5
sustained	5	4	2	1.5
basic load	40	46	30	8
emplace/displace time (min)	1/1	1/1	2/2	5-6/3-5
weight (mt)	15.7	27.5	28.2	46
speed, road (kph)	70	63	63	50
off road	32	30	15.5
swim (kph)	5
road range	500	500	500	650
trench crossing (m)	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5
vertical step (m)	1.1	1	1
grade (degrees)	35	31	30	22
side slope (degrees)	25	17	25	12
ground clearance (mm)	395	450	450	400
fording		1.5	1.5	1.2
crew		4	7	7
remarks		Self-entrenching. Load time 46 seconds. 7.62-mm PKT MG.	Self-entrenching.	Self-entrenching.

Self-Propelled Artillery	120-mm 2S9 Combination Gun	152-mm 2S19 Howitzer	120-mm 2S23 Combination Gun	155-mm G6 (SA)
range, conventional (km)	8.8	3-24.7	8.8	30
extended range	12.8	28.9	12.8	39
direct fire	0.8		0.8
ammunition type	HE-Frag HE-Frag-RAP HE-Frag laser guided HEAT-FS Illumination Smoke Incendiary Chemical Flechette	HE-Frag DPICM DPICM-BB HEAT-FS HE-Frag-BB AT mine AP mine Krasnopol Jammer Incendiary Smoke TV recon Flechette chemical	HE-Frag (3VOF49) HE-Frag-mtr HE-Frag-RAP-Mtr DPICM how HE-Frag laser-guided how HE-RAP how HEAT-FS HE-Frag how Illumination mtr Smoke (WP) mtr Incendiary mtr Chemical mtr Flechette how	HE-Frag Smoke Illumination Leaflet submunitions
elevation (degrees)	-4 to 80	-3 to 68	-4 to 80	-5 to 75
traverse (degrees)	70	360	70	80
rate of fire (rpm) maximum	10	6	10	8
sustained	4	4	4	3
basic load	40	40	30
emplace/displace time (min)		1		1
weight (mt)	8.7	42	14.5	47
speed, road (kph)	60	60	70	85
off road		15.5	40	30
swim (kph)	9		10
road range	500	550	600
trench crossing (m)	2	2.8	2
vertical step (m)	0.5	0.5	0.5
grade (degrees)	31	27	31
side slope (degrees)	19	20	19
ground clearance (mm)	450	435	480
fording	amphibious	1.5, 5 snorkel	amphibious
crew	4	5 to 7	4-6	6
remarks		Self-entrenching in 40 to 60 minutes. 12.7-mm NSVT MG.	BTR chassis

Multiple Rocket Launchers	122-mm BM-21	122-mm 9A51 Prima	220-mm 9P140 (BM-22)
range, maximum (m)	35	35	40
salvo time (sec)	20	30	20
reload time (min)	7	8	15
warhead types	HE-Frag, ICM w/AP or AT mines, illumination, jammer, smoke	HE-Frag, ICM w AP or AT mines, illumination, jammer, smoke	chemical, HE-Frag, ICM w/ AT&AP bomblets, AT&AP mines, FAE
emplace/displace time (min)	2.5/0.5	2.5/0.5	3/3
trench (m)	0.975	0.875	2
step (m)		0.65	0.6
grade (degrees)	60	60	60
side slope (degrees)
ground clearance (mm)	410		580
weight (m)	14.85	14.85	20
length (m)
width (m)
height (m)
speed, road (kph)	80	85	65
road range (km)	1000	990	500
crew	6	3	4
remarks	40 tubes	50 tubes	16 tubes

Multiple Rocket Launchers	300-mm 9A52-S SMERCH-M	ASTROS II (Brazil) 127-mm, 180-mm or 300-mm
range, maximum (m)	20-70	127-mm SS-30 30 km 180-mm SS-40 35-km 300-mm SS-60 60 km
salvo time (sec)	38
reload time (min)	36
warhead types	HE-Frag, chemical, 72 AP mines, 5 AT mines, FAE
emplace/displace time (min)	3/3
trench (m)	2
step (m)	0.6
grade (degrees)	57
side slope (degrees)
ground clearance (mm)	440
weight (m)	43.7
length (m)	12.1	8
width (m)	3.05	2.4
height (m)	3.05	2.6
speed, road (kph)	60	70
road range (km)	850
crew	4	4
remarks	12 tubes.	*

* The Astros can fire three different canisterized wraps around rocket, 127-mm SS-30, 180-mm SS-40 and 300-mm SS-60.

Surface to Surface Missiles (SSM)	9P113 LUNA-M (FROG-7)	SS-1c SCUD	SS-21
warhead type	HE, DPICM subminitions, chemical, nuclear	HE, chemical (thickened VX),5-80 kt nuclear	Up to 482 kg
range (km)	20-70	300	20-120
CEP (m)	400	1000	15
reaction time (min)		60	20
reload time (min)	Varies	varies	40 to refire