Personal Staff

DRAFT 29 June, 1999

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Associated sections: [ Communications Control Center ] [ Commandant ] [ Corps Commander and Cmd Staff ] [ Intelligence Staff ] [ Sustainment and CSS Staff ] [ Personnel and Manpower Staff ] [ Operations Staff ] [ Personal Staff ] [ Planning Staff ] [ Theater Missile Defense Staff ]

Contents

Area-Joint Medical Regulating
Blood Program
Chaplain
Combat Camera
General
Inspector General
Joint Information Bureau
Law and Order
Organization
Provost Marshal
Public Affairs
Security
Staff Judge Advocate
Surgeon

General

Personal staff and special staff of the commander perform duties as prescribed by the CEAC and handle special matters over which the commander wishes to exercise close personal control. This staff may include (based on CEAC guidance) the public affairs officer (PAO), legal officer, chaplain, surgeon, inspector general (IG), provost marshal (PM), comptroller, political advisors, and others as directed.

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Organization

Personal staff reports directly to the commander.  This implies the personal staff first coordinates with any affected primary staff directorate as required for efficient operations before requesting of any decision of the commander.

Billets are posted to their respective section.  Awaiting feedback from the field for billet information
for the following cells, sections, centers (right column).  To send feedback use this e-mail link Billet Feedback. 

Use the menu to jump to any of these staff sections.
Area-Joint Medical Regulating
Blood Program
Chaplain
Combat Camera
General
Inspector General
Joint Information Bureau
Law and Order
Provost Marshal
Public Affairs
Security
Staff Judge Advocate
Surgeon

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Public Affairs

All EACs conducted today will have some type of media coverage; thus the CEAC must be prepared for a tidal wave of media representatives upon arrival in the JOA. The CEAC or representative should rehearse what is going to be said to the media prior to arrival in the JOA.  A predeployment media relations "refresher" will enhance the CEAC’s ability to address varied interests and agendas of both US and international media. 

Issues to be addressed as the JPG is assembled and throughout the contingency are:

• A media policy must be developed before deployment to make the media an asset. Specific facets of the policy assist the handling the media, provide maximum coverage of all formulating and announcing staff policies (e.g., message releasing authority; procedures for developing, tracking, and resolution of requests for information [RFIs]; and appointment of a security manager to monitor and screen  sensitive information).
• Ensuring required liaison is established. Liaison personnel reporting to the EAC   may fall under the cognizance of the chief of staff. Liaison personnel from the EAC   that are assigned to other headquarters represent the EAC commander. As such, these officers may also fall under the cognizance of the chief of staff. The chief of staff may also be assigned responsibility for information management, establishing policies and procedures that ensure the volumes of information entering and being generated by the staff are being collected, processed, and disseminated in a manner that enhances the functioning of the  staff and the EAC as a whole.  The objective of the liaison staff is to ensure continuity of information between all assigned services, staffs and any government agencies.

PA assets are part of the command group.  Information management by the PAO can be a force multiplier and builder of support amongst the civilian populations.   Essential to success is continuity of information and completeness of details to prevent the appearance of the military not providing the entire story.  Although   security must never be compromised the PAO needs to present and prepare the CEAC to present an open clear understanding of what the US forces are accomplishing and how that affects our national interests.  To do this the PA staff must be well aware of all major decisions, plans and coordinate with the POLAD and information EACs staff.  Any conflict of information will be perceived as withholding key facts.  Presentation quality and thoroughness of information will inspire confidence the correct information is being passed on and not have an air of propaganda.

Joint Information Bureau

Establishment of a Joint Information Bureau (JIB) should facilitate and control PA coverage within the JOA.  The JIB may help improve dissemination of information to internal and external audiences. Additionally, it provides a central location for news and media access and support. Depending on the scope and duration of the EAC, establishment of Armed Forces Radio and Television Service may be a way to provide news and communicate with members of the EAC. Additionally, a Combat Camera is an asset that may be useful to the CEAC. For further details, see JP 3-61, "Doctrine for Public Affairs in Joint EACs."

JIB prepares units to receive and provide support to news media representatives assigned to travel with units. JIB responsibilities include:

• Briefed media ground rules.
• Provided an individual copy of media ground rules.
• Explained commercial and military filing capabilities.
• Briefed on billeting and transportation arrangements.
• Briefed categories of releasable and non-releasable information, and the military escort system.
• Divided into small elements, assigned PA escorts, and dispersed to cover operations.
• Return to the JIB to pool material, file products and continue operational coverage. This cycle will be repeated throughout the deployment at least once per day. Media covering operations will be escorted at all times.
• Not excluded from operational coverage due concerns for their personal safety. Media will be advised of the danger and left to make their own decision. Goal is to treat news media representatives as non-combatants traveling with troops.
• Receive cooperation (within the limits of safety and security) from U.S. forces in the AO to cover the operation. This includes access to command and staff personnel for unclassified briefings and interviews. Security at the source applies at all time.
• Receive necessary support to accomplish their mission. Messing, billeting, transportation, administrative and communications support may be extended to NMRs when commercial facilities are not available. Such support will be on a reimbursable basis, and will include dedicated ground and air transportation, telephone, and telefax facilities until adequate commercial sources are available. Military administrative support may be necessary to format the pool’s print releases for transmission by military message. Media products may be transported to the nearest commercial filing point by military courier.

Specific media support is outlined below:

• Media pool members will be billeted at their own expense. They may be billeted with U.S. forces on a non-reimbursable basis only if necessary for security reasons, due to a lack of commercial billeting or in order to cover the operation more effectively. Pool members will be given appropriate field or protective equipment, such as canteens, flak jackets, helmets or chemical protective clothing, on a loan basis, and receive initial training on proper equipment use upon arrival at the JIB. Media will be afforded the privileges of an officer (0-3) for messing, billeting, and transportation. This provision applies to reserve or retired military personnel acting as news media representatives regardless of their reserve or retired grade.
• Transportation. The EAC Commander will provide dedicated transportation to support media pools. The JIB, therefore, will arrange dedicated media transportation support (air, ground, naval) with EAC.
• Communications. CEAC will ensure pool members have access to military communications facilities, if needed, to file their products. Commercial facilities will be the primary method of transmitting media products. If sufficient commercial telephone lines are not available in the AO, the JIB will contract for commercial phone lines for media pool use. Media will be responsible for paying for their calls. When commercial telephone lines are not available, print products may be sent via message from EAC or via secure UHF SATCOM/STU III, if available, with FAX transmission concurrently to OASD(PA) and HQ theater ECPA. OASD(PA) will distribute pool products to CONUS media and service command/internal units. Pool products sent via message will be OPS IMMEDIATE and marked for Time of Transmission (TOT) and Time of Receipt (TOR) in the message handling instructions. Broadcast and still photography products that can not be sent by commercial satellite transmission will be transported daily by commercial or military means to the closest commercial filing location. Every effort will be made to transmit media pool products at the earliest opportunity with minimal delay.

Combat Camera

Combat or Visual Information Documentation, (COMDOC or VIDOC) is an EAC J3 requirement. Products are also used by the JIB to service visual and audio media that are not in the area, for Command/Internal information programs, and for later public affairs use, such as historical stock footage. The following basic guidelines apply to combat camera coverage of a EAC operation:

• EAC J3 will normally deploy a Joint Combat Documentation team(s) to collect, edit, and distribute video, still photography and electronic still video imagery of EAC operations.
• The JIB Director will provide the director of the Joint Combat Camera Management Team operations guidance on PA requirements.
• Video images will be processed, edited, and prepared for distribution by the Joint Combat Camera Management Team(s). Video and electronic still video products will be transmitted as expeditiously as possible to the Joint Combat Camera Center, normally within 24 hours of collection. Video and electronic still video satellite transmission teams and equipment will be deployed to facilitate electronic distribution of high priority imagery.
• Imagery will be sent to the Joint Combat Camera Center, for distribution to the Joint Staff J3, DOS, and other customers as appropriate. The CEAC, unless otherwise specified in related CINC Operations Order, Annex C, Appendix 12, will have public release authority of Combat Camera material. Normally, public release authority for Combat Camera material will be delegated by CEAC to EAC Operation PAO.

Organization

The PAO may come from the corps forming the EAC or from the theater command of the AO the EAC will operate in.  The selection criteria is the familiarity either of the PA staffs may have with the AO.  If the PAO is derived from theater staff it most likely will be the Deputy Director and he will report directly to the Commander of the Echelon Above Corps (CEAC). The JIB will be organized under the PA staff with the JIB director reporting to the EAC PAO.  Similarly the JIB Chief Of Operations will come from theater staff. The remainder of the PAO and JIB staff typically is drawn from the component with the majority of EAC forces. All sister service and governmental agencies assigned to the EAC must have representation and liaison with the PA and JIB staff to ensure continuity of information. The majority of JIB component personnel will then be replaced by CONUS active duty PA and administrative personnel within 21-45 days.   Theater EAC PA designated personnel will remain with the EAC until the operation ends.

An active PA program will be pursued to keep all U.S. and AO publics informed of EAC operations to the maximum extent consistent with OPSEC and personal safety. No information will be released prior to the initial operational announcement. All queries received prior to the public announcement will be referred to the theater PA office.After military operations begin theater PA will delegate information release authority to EAC PA staff.   At this point the U.S Embassy and FN liaison staff to the JIB will be included on all EAC information releases.  As operations continue a continuing dialogue with theater PA staff must continue to ensure the latest guidance is transmitted down to all levels that may contact civilian media.  The JIB translates the PA staff and theater guidance into products for news media and public consumption. Control of news media information extends only to the protection of safety and operations security.  The JIB is the agency that exercises this control in accordance with PA directive.

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Operational Tasks

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Staff Judge Advocate

Legal services provided to the CEAC and staff include operational law (including law of armed conflict, ROE, law of the sea, airspace law, status-of-forces agreements (SOFAs), and general international law), military justice, claims, legal assistance, and administrative law (including environmental law, contracts, and fiscal law). The SJA can develop legal guidance concerning the definition and treatment of detained personnel, civilian internees, and enemy prisoners of war (EPWs). Many of the subject areas overlap one another, requiring knowledgeable and effective planning by the SJA.

SJA drafts Appendix 4 to Annex E (Personnel) of the CEAC’s OPLAN, OPORD, or campaign plan (legal services support plan), drafts general and restrictive orders, provides advice and assistance in the development, interpretation, and modification of ROE and oversees execution of the legal services support plan at the EAC and component level (component judge advocates are primarily responsible for the execution of the legal services support plan, except as concerns EAC staff members). SJA should review the entire OPLAN, OPORD, or campaign plan for legal sufficiency.

In the role of operational and international law advisor, the SJA will be responsible for providing advice to the various staff sections and boards as requested on the entire range of operational and politico-military issues. The SJA or a representative should be a member of the JTCB, if one is established.  The SJA or a representative is a member of the ROE planning cell.  The SJA should not be called upon simply in the review of OPLANs, OPORDs, and campaign plans. SJA involvement in the planning process from the beginning is especially important to the issues of EPWs, detainees, CA, targeting, and ROE. In addition to providing or coordinating military justice and legal assistance support, the SJA can provide essential services as point of contact with international and NGOs, as negotiator with foreign officials, and as draftsman for command policies, orders, and international agreements.

Specific requirements include:

Rules of Engagement (ROE) and Targeting

The SJA will assist the EAC staff in developing ROE and target lists for EAC operations in accordance with the LOAC, U.S. domestic law and policy, and theater directives and guidance. In particular, the SJA must be familiar with Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction (CJCSI) 3121.01 Ch1, 22 December 1994, "Standing Rules of Engagement for US Forces," NBC Defense, RCA, Herbicides and CW Operations, DoD Directive 5100.77, July 1979, "DoD Law of War Program," and any theater Law of War Program.  Specific limitations: EAC ROE shall not limit a Commander's inherent authority and obligation to use all necessary means available and to take all appropriate action in self-defense of the Commander's unit and other U.S. forces in the vicinity.

International Law

The SJA will keep informed of all tactical and administrative operations of the EAC in order to advise CEAC on applicable international law and agreements, to include matters relating to the LOAC, humanitarian, and civic assistance. The SJA will advise the EAC staff to ensure that all plans, ROE, and operations conform with the LOAC, and that training is conducted so that the principles and rules of the LOAC are understood by all assigned EAC forces commensurate with each individual's duties and responsibilities. Training programs shall be subject to periodic review and evaluation by the CINC. The SJA must be cognizant of the potential impact of EAC operations on relations with other nations. Legal review of national sovereignty implications should be conducted during all stages of planning end execution. The SJA will review, provide advice on, and assist, if required, in the negotiation or modification of international agreements affecting EAC operations and the status of U.S. forces in any country in which the EAC may transit or operate. Guidance in this regard will be provided by ECLA, along with copies of relevant SOFAs, model temporary SOFAs, and/or the model United Nations SOFA, as may be required under the circumstances.

Reporting Violations of the LOAC

The SJA shall provide guidance to CEAC relating to reporting, investigation, and appropriate disciplinary disposition of allegations of LOAC violations. Because of the serious nature of possible violations, the reporting requirements are restated below:

• With respect to alleged violations of the LOAC committed by or against members of, or persons accompanying or serving with, the EAC, promptly investigate, collect and evaluate evidence, and report immediately to the CINC. Simultaneous reporting through Service channels may also be required by applicable Service directives.
• With respect to alleged violations of the LOAC committed by persons subject to court-martial jurisdiction of CEAC or subordinate unit commanders, ensure appropriate disposition under the UCMJ and MCM and paragraph IV,b,4.
• With respect to alleged violations of the LOAC committed by or against allied military or civilian personnel, conduct appropriate preliminary investigation to determine involvement of U.S. forces, cooperate fully with appropriate allied authorities, and report to the CINC and through Service channels, as required.
• In all instances of reported LOAC violations, immediate message notification will be made to the CINC, CEAC and subordinate commanders should provide such notification as soon as the tactical situation permits, rather than awaiting complete investigation. Additional details may be supplied by supplemental reports.
• If a determination is made that no U.S. forces were involved, further U.S. investigation will be under-taken only at the direction of CINC.
• Should questions arise relating to determination of U.S. involvement, or the requirement for additional investigation, theater SJA shall be consulted.
• Coordinate with the PAO to determine presentation of violations for possible media consumption.

Military Justice

Military justice will be administered in accordance with the UCMJ and MCM, and applicable Service directives. Imposition of non-judicial punishment by joint commanders shall be in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 3, Section IV, of Joint Pub 2, UNAAF. Should the CEAC require authority to exercise court-martial jurisdiction over forces assigned to the EAC, a request for court-martial convening authority should be submitted to the CINC.

Legal Assistance

The SJA will ensure that legal assistance is provided to personnel assigned and attached to the EAC HQ to the extent possible within available resources. Judge advocates serving in subordinate EAC commands shall provide legal assistance in accordance with Service directives for personnel of such commands and, to the extent feasible, for EAC personnel of other Services.

Claims

The SJA shall establish procedures for processing claims in accordance with the following guidelines:

• Processing and adjudication of claims made against the U.S. by persons other than members of U.S. forces shall be forwarded for adjudication by the appropriate claims office of the Service with single Service claims responsibility under DoD Dir 5515.8 for the EAC AOR.
• Personnel claims for loss or damage suffered by U.S. military members or members of the civilian component will be submitted to the claims office of the Service with single Service claims responsibility for forwarding to the Service of which the claimant is a member or by which the claimant is employed.
• In any situation not covered in the preceding subparagraphs, a message request shall be transmitted to the CINC for interim designation of claims processing responsibility.

Funding and Procurement

The SJA, in consultation with theater LA and EAC Comptroller, will advise CEAC on the legal basis for and limitations of EAC funding authority, as well as on statutory and regulatory procedures for and restrictions on local procurement of supplies and services required for EAC operations.

Enemy Prisoners of War (EPW) and Detainees

The SJA, in coordination with the EAC J1, shall ensure EPWs and other detainees are treated in accordance with FM 19-40, Enemy POWs, Civilian Internees, and Detained Persons, AR 190-8, Enemy POW Administration, Employment and Compensation, and the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (see DA Pam 27-1).

Political Asylum and Temporary Refuge

Requests from foreign nationals for political asylum or temporary refuge shall be handled in accordance with DoD Dir 2000.11.  Political asylum may not be granted at any DoD installation or facility overseas or on board any U.S. military vessel or aircraft operating within foreign territorial jurisdiction. CEAC shall refer persons requesting political asylum to the nearest American Embassy or Consulate. Temporary refuge for humanitarian reasons may be granted to a foreign national by CEAC when the life or safety of the refuge seeker is in imminent danger. Once granted, refuge may be terminated only when directed by NCA.  U.S. obligations regarding asylum and refuge arise from treaty responsibilities. Thus, to ensure compliance with international responsibilities, timely and accurate determination of the facts of each case is essential. Immediate reporting of all grants of temporary refuge is required through the fastest available means to the CINC LA.

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Chaplain

The EAC chaplain has the responsibility to plan, coordinate, and implement all the religious support within the EAC for the commander of the EAC. In addition to advising the CEAC on moral, ethical, and quality of life issues, the chaplain advises on all religious matters relating to religious ministry support.

Specific responsibilities include:

• Developing joint religious ministry support plans in support of the operation. (This includes preparation of the Appendix 6, Chaplain Activities, under Annex E [Personnel] of the CEAC’s OPLANs, OPORDs, or campaign plans,  to include appropriate tabs.) 
• Identifying religious ministry support team requirements, including: Personnel staffing and augmentation requirements; and Facilities, equipment, transportation and communication requirements.
• Organizing the religious ministry support teams to provide comprehensive religious ministry support, which includes:  Coordinating religious ministry with Service component command chaplains; Coordinating logistic support requirements; Maintaining liaison with chaplains of international forces and appropriate foreign nation (FN) civilian religious leaders; and  coordinating appropriate training for religious support personnel. Coordinating with the other staff sections to ensure sufficient religious assets are available to support combat forces, medical services, civilian detainees, prisoners of war, and other related areas.
• Recommending EAC religious ministry support policy. When appropriate, and in coordination with the CMO, the EAC chaplain may conduct liaison with NGOs and PVOs that have religious affiliation. The EAC chaplain assists by providing advice on the distribution of humanitarian assistance supplies arriving from churches and other religious organizations.
• Chaplains should work with the CMO in providing advice to the commander in situations where religious groups want to send in representatives to work with detained persons. Providing religious support and pastoral care to the EAC staff. Interacting with local religious leaders. Providing assessment to the CEAC and staff on cultural and religious influences on mission accomplishment. More detailed responsibilities of the EAC chaplain are found in JP 1-05, "Religious Ministry Support for Joint Operations."
• Coordinate with the J2 and PMO reference security procedures for those wanting contact with military and civilian detainees.
• Provide to the EAC staff religious analysis of the AO with possible affects, conflicts or other combat multipliers religious observance may have.  This includes securing staff personnel of the same religious faith(s) within the AO to act as liaison, interpreters and refine the analysis of the potential impact on operations religious harmony or conflict may have.
• Identify to the JTCB religious significant shrines, areas or other geography feature that should not be targeted.
• Support mortuary requirements.
• Assist with combat fatigue management in coordination with the surgeon's staff.

A senior chaplain is identified by the EAC commander to coordinate all sister service ministry actions.

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Surgeon

The surgeon is responsible for establishing, monitoring, or evaluating joint force health service support (HSS). Responsibilities of the surgeon may include:

• Advising the CEAC on HSS aspects of the operation; intratheater rest, rotation, and reconstitution; preventive medicine; blood policy and distribution system; and other medical factors that could affect operations.
• Informing the CEAC on the status of HSS units and assistance required by and provided to the civilian populace, US nationals, and EPW.
• Advising CA forces on humanitarian and civic assistance activities within the JOA.
• Coordinating HSS provided to or received from other nations.
• Establishing and coordinating a comprehensive medical logistics system for Class VIII A and B. 
• Supervising the activities of the necessary medical cells, boards, and centers established at the EAC level. For example:  The Joint Patient Movement Requirements Center (JPMRC) is under the control of the EAC surgeon, to coordinate and control patient movement (in terms of identifying bed space requirements) within and out of the JOA. JPMRC also generates EAC plans and schedules to execute EAC’s patient evacuation to medical treatment facilities in accordance with the supported combatant commander’s Theater Patient Movement Requirements Center (TPMRC). JPMRC is established in conjunction with the Global and Theater Patient  Movement Requirements Centers.
• Provide medical threat assessment.
• AO bed status.

The EAC Joint Blood Program Office (JBPO) is activated on order of the supported combatant command and is within the office of the EAC surgeon. EAC’s JBPO is task-organized to plan, coordinate, and direct the handling, storage, and distribution of blood within the JOA. There is a corresponding patient movement center (TPMRC) and JBPO located at the supported combatant command level to assist the EAC to.

• Develop a plan for tactical aeromedical evacuation.
• Coordinating medical intelligence support for HSS organizations.
• Developing an extensive preventive medicine program, to include pre- and post-surveillance programs. 
• Ensuring liaison is established with each component surgeon.
• Preparing the HSS plan and Annex Q (Medical Services) of the CEAC’s OPLANs, OPORDs, or campaign plans. 
• Establishing the EAC evacuation policy.

The surgeon staff should be joint and of sufficient size to accomplish joint coordination of HSS initiatives, standardization and interoperability, and review of component medical plans and operations. All aspects of HSS support will have to be coordinated through the EAC staff. See JP 4-02, "Doctrine for Health Service Support in Joint Operations," for more details concerning HSS.

Area-Joint Medical Regulating (A-JMRO) functions

This office is subordinate to the EAC Surgeon and is responsible to the Surgeon for consolidating EAC medical treatment facility (MTF) requests for movement of patients out of the EAC area of operation to fixed hospitals. This includes appropriate and expeditious disposition of U.S. EAC patients in non-U.S. MTFs, non-U.S. patients in U.S. EAC MTFs, coordination with the theater JMRO, and liaison with EAC USAF aeromedical evacuation elements.

The following information should be maintained to adjust consumption and analysis records to support future planning.

• Identification of medical units supporting the operation (Combat Zone and Communications Zone).
• Mortality data over time.
• Class VIII requirements versus resources over time.
• Class VIII shortfall over time
• Bed requirements versus capability over time (preferably by service component and in aggregate for the EAC).
• Cumulative Class VIII consumption over time.
• Cumulative patient workload over time (inpatient and outpatient), which should be easily differentiated by nationality, military versus civilian.
• Medical strength over time. This should reflect a snap-shot on a weekly basis; except during deployment and redeployment, data should reflect a daily status.

Publications

• Joint 5-03, Volumes I and II, Joint Operation Planning and Execution System
• Joint Pub 4-02, Doctrine for Health Service Support in Joint Operations
• Joint Interoperability and Engineering Organization Pub 9000. Also known within the Services as the following:

• DA PAM 25-7
• OPNAV-P-942-1-86
• AFP 102-2, Vol I
• NAVMC 2800 (This pub provides message formats for various reports.)

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Inspector General.

The role of the IG is as important across the range of military operations as it is in a garrison environment. The IG should be experienced in joint operations and be of a grade that is commensurate with the overall EAC organization. Basic IG functions are inspecting, assisting, and investigating. IG responsibilities may include:

• The IG will be principally concerned with operational matters; however, at the direction of the EAC Commander, the IG may inspect any matter within the scope of the commander's authority.  This includes matters involving the entire force and not matters of single service origin that have no affect on the overall EAC organization..
• Checking and instilling discipline, ethics, and standards in the EAC.
• Serving as the CEAC’s unbiased consultant for evaluating management and leadership procedures and practices.
• Improving the force (while protecting the rights of individuals) through timely, complete and impartial inquiries, investigations, and inspections.
• Conducting investigations and inquiries to determine the state of readiness, economy, efficiency, discipline, and morale of all EAC-level and subordinate units.
• Providing reports and assessments on matters relating to C2 and support of assigned forces and joint operational readiness.
• Interfacing with interagency organizations to assist in resolving differences with the EAC.
• Coordinate with the PAO for any EAC internal issues that may be of public consumption.

Organization

The IG slice of a EAC headquarters should be tailored to suit the mission, size, scope, and duration of the EAC. Other factors that must be considered are the geographic location, dominant service, and political environment. As a general rule the IG should be at least an 05/06.  He works directly for the Commander and has total access/clearance/need to know to all elements/activities within the command. The IG staff must include functional area experts will be required to augment inspection teams.   This functional requirement does extend to membership on the IG staff from all assigned sister services and liaison with any GOs involved in the AO.

References

• DOD Directive 5l06.4, 7 Jan 93, Inspectors General of the Unified and Specified Combatant Commands.
• AR 1-20l, l7 May 93, Army Inspection Policy.
• AR 20-l, 15 Mar 94, Inspector General Activities and Procedures.

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Provost Marshal

The EAC PM is capable of developing and issuing policies, programs, and guidance for the planning and conduct of military police operations. Responsibilities of the PM may include:

• Advises the EAC commander and staff on all PM and MP/SP related activities.
• Determines requirements and advises major subordinate commanders on MP/SP task organization and employment.
• Plans and supervises the following: BCC operations to expedite the movement of personnel and material to support the EAC Commander’s tactical plans; BCC operations include route reconnaissance and surveillance, main supply route (MSR) regulation and enforcement, intelligence collecting and reporting, and information dissemination; Area security operations to protect personnel, materiel, and facilities from enemy attack. MP/SP provide combat power for rear operations. Area security operations include area reconnaissance and surveillance, intelligence collection and reporting, base response force operations, air base ground defense, combating terrorism, NBC detecting and reporting, and area damage control operations; EPW operations to ensure the humane treatment, security, accountability, evacuation, and internment of EPW and civilian internees. EPW operations include collection, evacuation, and internment; Law and order operations to minimize disruption of EAC operations. Law and order operations include law enforcement, criminal investigations, combating terrorism, and temporary detention of US military prisoners.
• Principal liaison with host nation police/security forces and Department of State/Embassy security officials.
• Coordinates and maintains liaison with other Provost Marshals and security chiefs as required.
• Provides advice and assistance on areas of special interest, such as: Security of facilities, associated materiel, and designated key personnel against the full spectrum of criminal threats, including terrorist activities; Support to civil or host- nation authorities during domestic disturbances or disasters; Force Protection Assessment Confinement of US military prisoners; Police aspects on internal defense, stability, peacekeeping/ enforcement, and counter-drug operations; Use of Military Police working dogs.
• The MP staff as a whole plans, prepares, executes and assess the following: Plan MP/SP operations, task organization, and mission tasking for all MP/SP units assigned or attached to the EAC; Control and monitor deployment and redeployment of MP/SP units; Support EAC Force Protection Plan; Compile police statistics and provide police information when requested by the command. Forward required MP reports to next higher headquarters; Provide policy guidance for MP/SP operations in theater; Coordinate MP/SP support throughout the theater of operations; Prepare and publish the PM annex to EAC OPORDS with the following appendices:

Area security/base defense.
EPW/Civilian Internees and Detained Persons.
BCC.
Law and Order.
Antiterrorism.

EAC staff coordination requirements.

Battlefield Circulation Control (BCC) is a major MP battlefield mission. It expedites the forward and lateral movement of combat resources. MP operating static posts, performing mobile patrols and erecting temporary signs on Main Supply Routes (MSRs), expedite military traffic. They move all units quickly and smoothly with the least amount of interference possible. MP mobile patrols report on the status of key terrain influencing the military road network. They monitor road and traffic conditions and the presence of NBC contamination in their AOs. Locating alternate supply routes, they reroute traffic to meet changes in tactical situations and route conditions. They rapidly disseminate information friendly forces need on the battlefield.

EAC J4

• Develops policies, plans and programs for transportation functions, including movement control, highway regulation, traffic circulation, routing and scheduling.
• Develops policies and establishes criteria for the EAC’s movement control plan.
• Establishes the EAC’s Movement Control Center.

EAC Provost Marshal

• Develops the EAC’s battlefield circulation control plan based upon the traffic circulation plan published by the J4.

EAC J5

• Designates, in coordination with foreign nation authorities, alternate routes to channel refugees away from MSRs to preclude interference with authorized military traffic.

Military police brigade.

• Route Reconnaissance and Surveillance
• Main Supply Route Regulation Enforcement
• Straggler Control.
• Refugee Control (assist, direct or deny the movement of civilians whose location, direction of movement, or actions may hinder operations).
• Intelligence Collecting and Reporting
• Information Dissemination
• Based on METT-T and the EAC Commander’s priorities, the PM may establish one or more of the following circulation control measures to expedite, enforce, and regulate movement on MSRs: Traffic Control Points (TCP); Motorized; Patrols; Defiles; Straggler Collection Points; Road Blocks; Holding Areas; Check Points; Aerial Patrols.

Security

Area security is a major MP battlefield mission. MP perform their area-security mission to help the EAC Commander provide security and protection in the joint rear area. MP provide combat power for rear operations. MP employment in the rear area provides commanders with an available light, mobile force that can move, shoot, and communicate. MP also provide security to designated critical assets, but generally are not to be used for static site security.

MP providing area security play a large role in the battle to protect the rear area. They are a response force to enemy attempts to disrupt or demoralize military operations in the rear area. Their mobility makes it possible for them to detect the threat as they aggressively patrol road networks and key terrain features throughout the rear area. Their organic communications enable them to advise the Rear CP, bases, base clusters, and moving units of impending enemy actions. MP providing area security help to retain overall freedom of movement for units fighting close and deep operations.

Air Force security police are the primary combat forces for providing defense of AF operations worldwide. Throughout the spectrum from peacetime, contingency operations, to war; security police are responsible for ensuring a secure operational environment for the generation, launch, and sustainment of air combat operations. During crisis, AF war fighting resources are vulnerable to attack from hostile ground and air elements. An effective defensive posture must be established to allow generation, launch, and sustainment of sorties. Air base defense (ABD) forces will have primary responsibility for level I and II threats in the AOR surrounding air bases. ABD forces should be capable of delaying level III threats. Outside the AF AOR, U.S. Army, USMC, or host-nation (HN) forces will have sole responsibility for security requirements.

Security police organization can expect to secure against sabotage, subversion, crime, traffic control, terrorism and reaction to any of these after the fact.  Mission analyze must identify these potential task areas and appropriate measures imposed.

Primary Mission Employment for EAC Operation

The mission of deployed ABD forces is to provide a safe and secure AOR environment for sustained offensive/defensive air operations. The AOR of the Security Police defense force commander is the confines of the base plus the distance required to deter or negate medium-range standoff weapons (mortars, saggers, and rocket propelled grenades) and shoulder fired surface to air missiles (SAMs). Security police unit types are designed to secure airfields, regardless of type or location.. Most security police unit types are capable of deploying to main operating bases, collocated operating bases, standby bases, limited bases, and bare bases. They are also capable of securing civilian airfields, assisting U.S. Customs operations, performing a humanitarian role in natural disasters, and providing control during riot situations or under martial law conditions. Specific security police Unit Type Codes are covered in Air Force Handbook 31-305, Security Police Deployment Planning, 31 Oct 1994.

Provost Marshal

• Establish MP Operations Cell in the Joint Rear Area Operations Center (JRAOC).
• Provide a mobile response force to the JRAOC.
• Assist in intelligence collection in the JRAOC.
• Assist in terrain management and area damage control (ADC) in the rear area.
• Collect and review base defense plans.
• Develop an area security plan for the JRA.
• Coordinate MP/SP elements for security of critical assets (personnel, cargo, etc.).
• Coordinate security for the EAC and JRAOC HQs.
• Coordinate temporary security of disabled aircraft until the unit can respond or the aircraft is recovered.
• As required, provide personal security to the EAC CDR and designated VIPs.

MP brigade requirements

• Find, close with, and destroy Level I and II threats in the JRA.
• Find, fix, and delay Level III threats in the JRA.
• Be proficient in infantry tactics, to include adjustment of indirect fire and procedures for employing attack helicopters, air assault assets, close air support (CAS), and AC--130 gunships.
• Keep the PM advised of tactical situation and request assistance as necessary.
• Maintain liaison with Base Defense Operations Center in sector.
• Be prepared to mass and respond to rear area combat missions in the JRA.

Enemy Prisoner of War (EPW)

Any person captured by U.S. forces who is a member of the armed forces, militia, voluntary corps, or organized resistance organization and who professes allegiance to a government or an authority not recognized by the United States.

Civilian Internee (CI)

A person who is protected under the provisions of the Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, dated August 12, 1949, and who is interned by the U.S. military in the occupied territory of his own country for imperative security reasons or because he has been convicted of an offense against the United States and sentenced to internment in lieu of confinement.

Detained Person (DP)

Any member of the opposing force, other than a bonafide EPW enemy prisoner of war who is captured or otherwise taken into custody during the course of internal defense and development (IDAD). Categories within which a detainee may fall are true and innocent civilian, true insurgent, and true civilian who have committed acts of espionage, sabotage, terrorism, and other serious offenses.

EAC Provost Marshal

• Develops plans, policies, and procedures for EPW/CI/Detainee operations.
• Coordinates evacuation of EPW/CI/ Detainees from Forward Collecting Points to the EPW Central Collecting Points established in the Rear Area using available MP assets and transportation resources.
• Coordinates MP support for the overall supervision of EPW facilities in the EAC area of operations.
• Provides for the health, welfare, and security needs of EPW/CI/Detainees while interned under EAC control.

EAC J2

• Coordinates for the interrogation, censorship, and processing of captured documents and unique equipment. Unique equipment is equipment not common or unusual items (new weapons, communications equipment or COMSEC devices) not normally found on the battlefield, or that equipment which may be of intelligence value.

EAC J4

• Coordinates for the processing and disposal of captured enemy equipment and weapons.
• Coordinates for the provision of required classes of supplies for the sustainment needs of EPW.
• Coordinates Class IV for the construction of EPW collection facilities and camps.
• Coordinates back-haul transportation for the evacuation of EPW from forward collecting points to Central Collecting Points.

EAC Surgeon

• Coordinates for the provision of Class VIII and medical care to support the medical needs/treatment of EPW.

EAC Engineer

• Provides construction and maintenance support for all EPW internment facilities.

EAC Chaplain

• Coordinates for Religious support to meet EPWs and Refugees needs.

Law and Order

The MP/SP law and order mission extends the combat commander’s command and control. MP perform their law and order operations to suppress the chance for criminal behavior and to confine U.S. prisoners. In combat, military police will perform the law and order mission by exception only. It must be recognized that critical combat support missions take priority. Where possible, maximum use will be made of host-nation police agencies for control of civilian traffic, investigation of crimes involving civilian personnel, and control of refugees. The PM will function as the principal point of contact with host-nation civilian and military police agencies.

U.S. Army stragglers identified as being from units that are in contact with the enemy will be expeditiously returned to their units through military police channels. Other service stragglers should be delivered immediately to the PM for transfer to the appropriate service.

In situations where the unit cannot secure their own detainees, U.S. military prisoners may be temporarily detained by military police. Pre-trial confinement of personnel will be done at a designated theater confinement facility once coordinated with appropriate military police and legal agencies.  U.S. military offenders from other services will be turned over to their respective service as soon as possible.

Commanders not the MPs at all levels are responsible for maintaining discipline within their area of operation in accordance with applicable regulations and standards. The provost marshal may elect to place this requirement in the coordinating instructions of the OPLAN. This responsibility includes, but is not limited to:

• Ensuring pre-deployment briefings are conducted for all participating forces, stressing conduct and discipline throughout the operation.
• Implementing necessary crime prevention measures to eliminate potential causes of law violations within their command.
• Imposing strict measures of control and accountability for arms, ammunition, and sensitive items.
• Ensuring tight control of military vehicle dispatching.
• Imposing curfews within their areas of responsibility IAW the situation and issued directives.
• Reporting all serious incidents of a criminal nature.

The Provost Marshal will enforce all military orders and regulations within the EAC area of operations that affect the entire force. This responsibility will include, but is not limited to:

• Investigation (or referral to CID/OSI, if appropriate, of all reports of criminal activity within the EAC area of operations.
• Processing and forwarding Serious Incident Reports.
• Requesting additional MP/SP police support.
• Coordinating with host-nation police agencies, other service police officials, and CID/OSI elements, as required.
• Investigating, or referring to the appropriate agency, all reported Law of Land Warfare violations.
• The Provost Marshal will publicize, post, and patrol all establishments placed off limits by the EAC Commander.

Manning for the Provost Marshal Office (PMO)

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Operational Tasks

Tactical Tasks

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Comptroller

Finance management support to the EAC includes financial services and resource management functions. Responsibilities of the EAC comptroller may include: 

• Serving as the principal financial management advisor to the CEAC.
• Representing the CEAC in identifying EAC resource and financial service needs to the supported combatant commander, components, and others as required.
• Establishing JOA financial management responsibilities and coordinating the designation of lead executive agents for specific financial management functions or special support requirements.
• Providing estimates of resource requirements to the supported combatant commander, component commands, and others as required.
• Establishing positive controls over funding authority received.
• Coordinating with the EAC J4 and IG to develop a system for prevention of fraud, waste, and abuse.
• Preparing Appendix 3 (Finance and Disbursing) of Annex E (Personnel) of the CEAC’s OPLANs, OPORDs, or campaign plans.

Specific coordination requirements.

The EAC Comptroller reports directly to the EAC Chief of Staff to ensure that EAC Commander exercises appropriate fiscal oversight and control of EAC operations. The comptroller staff will include an assigned Staff Finance and Accounting Officer as required to include appropriate representation from all assigned services. The Staff Finance and Accounting Officer is responsible for financial service support to the EAC, and reports directly to the EAC Comptroller. The Comptroller has coordination responsibilities with financial management counterparts at theater and sister service.

Reporting Procedures

Report to the EAC Commander the status of EAC funds with a copy furnished theater comptroller. Report itemizes amount of funding authority received by source, amount of obligations incurred to date, amount available for obligation, and unfinanced requirements identified. Reports submitted periodically, but not less than monthly, as determined by the EAC Commander. Additional reporting requirements by the EAC Comptroller will be EAC specific, as determined by the EAC Commander. A copy of all EAC Comptroller reports will be provided to the theater Comptroller.

Principles of EAC Financial Support

Specific details of financial support required for EAC operations will vary widely depending on the specific mission of the EAC. The following principles form the basis for financial support:

Consistency of Entitlements. The J1, in coordination with the Comptroller, will ensure that determinations pertaining to service member entitlements to pay and allowances, including authorization to per diem allowances, are applied uniformly across the services. The intent is to avoid situations where soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines serving side-by-side under similar circumstances earn different entitlements due solely to differing determinations made by subordinate service commanders. Decisions made by the EAC Commander regarding pay and allowances of EAC members apply equally to EAC members from all components serving under similar circumstances.

Components Provide Financial Service Support. Component commanders will provide financial services support for their personnel assigned to the EAC in accordance with Military Department regulations. This includes making appropriate provisions for military pay and allowances, payment of travel entitlements, and cash operations to support service member requirements.

Funding Responsibility of Services.  Funding for the traditional missions and activities of each component in support of the EAC is the responsibility of the respective component or Military Department. For example, the Army pays TDY/TAD costs for Army personnel, and the Air Force pays TDY/TAD costs for Air Force personnel; reimbursement of the Industrial Funds for airlift and sealift in support of operations is generally the responsibility of the Air Force and Navy respectively.  These issues must be addressed and advertised after EAC commander approval.

Accounting For Incremental Costs of Operations.  The costs of supporting EAC operations will generally be borne by each participating command from already available operating funds. Each participating command will develop procedures to identify and report the incremental costs of supporting operations through the appropriate component to the military departments for inclusion in supplemental appropriation requests.

EAC Financial Services Support.  The Comptroller will arrange and coordinate a wide variety of financial service support. Actual support provided depends on the circumstances of the EAC and the requirements of the Commander, but could include:

• EAC Obligation Authority for emergency operations in many cases require the expenditure of resources for certain supplies and services not available to the EAC Commander through the traditional component and military department channels. One example of this situation encountered in the past is funding for supplies and services required in support of humanitarian relief operations. In such cases the Comptroller will seek separate obligation authority from the theater Comptroller. The Comptroller will establish controls to ensure that no obligations are incurred by the EAC prior to receipt of the authorizing MIPR, and will establish informal records to preclude over obligation of funds. The Comptroller will also ensure that all documents which relate to the execution of this authority are collected, controlled, and transmitted to the accounting office responsible for formally recording the transactions, with copies furnished to theater comptroller. Obligation documents will be provided prior to termination of operations.
• Class-A Paying Agents coordination for appointing and funding class-A paying agents as required to support operations in accordance with appropriate Military Department regulations. Agent officers may be appointed to work in conjunction with contingency contracting/ordering officers to provide the capability for the EAC to quickly procure essential goods and services. Care will be taken to ensure proper separation of the contracting function (J4 responsibility) and the paying function (Comptroller responsibility). Agent officers also may be appointed to provide currency conversion and check cashing services for EAC members. This function is normally included as part of the routine finance support provided by the separate component commanders.
• Impress-Fund Cashier for emergency operations and some extended training exercises may require the services of an imprest-fund cashier. Imprest funds may be used to make payments in currency or coin for small purchases of materials, repair of equipment, nonpersonal services, or travel and transportation expenses within limitations prescribed in DoD Federal Acquisition Regulations (DFAR), the Joint Federal Travel Regulations (JFTR), and Military Department regulations.When necessary to support the mission, the Comptroller will arrange with the component command acting as executive agent for the operation to appoint a member of the task force as imprest-fund cashier. The Comptroller will ensure that the imprest-fund cashier receives administrative instructions in the proper use, security, and accountability of the fund. A representative of the Comptroller staff will conduct periodic inspections of the imprest fund in accordance with the applicable component command military department regulations and the DFAR.  During the JPG process imprest fund cashier with MP escort, safe and an initial issue of cash will deploy to provide immediate support from the very first deployment of the JPG or any logistics support group that may proceed the JPG.
• Military Pay. The routine payment of EAC members mid-month and end-of-month pay is the responsibility of the component commanders and the military departments. The Comptroller will coordinate among the component commands to facilitate these payments. Coordination required may include making arrangements for pay inquiries, local payments, check cashing, and local currency sales.
• Reimbursement For Foreign Government Support. The Comptroller will assist EAC Contracting personnel prepare billings to foreign governments for reimbursable support provided by U.S. forces as required. This situation is most likely to occur when the EAC is participating as part of a coalition force. Examples of support that may be reimbursable are mission transportation for foreign forces, meals, and fuel. Functional EAC proponents are responsible for providing the necessary supporting documentation for foreign government billings.
• Local Currencies. The Comptroller is responsible for coordinating local currency procurement in support of EAC requirements. Upon written request of the EAC Comptroller, the theater Comptroller will coordinate with officials of the components, the U.S. Treasury, and the U.S. State Department to identify an approved source of local currency for payment of supplies and services or for personal currency conversion for members of the EAC. The theater Comptroller, in coordination with component comptrollers and the EAC Comptroller, will designate a single central funding officer authorized to procure local currency from the authorized source in support of EAC requirements. The central funding officer will adhere to applicable military department disbursing regulations in handling the currency. Military finance officers and designated agents will obtain local currency from the central funding officer. Consistent with applicable law and regulations, local currency procured as above may be used to pay for supplies and services properly procured through contracting procedures. In addition, finance officers and agents may be used to sell local currency to EAC members on an accommodation basis.

Theater to EAC specific coordination.

• A theater Comptroller representative will be included as an integral member of the planning staff early in the planning stage of all contingency operations. The theater Comptroller will ensure that hand-off of Comptroller responsibilities to the EAC Comptroller is accomplished as soon as possible after activation of the EAC and identification of the EAC Comptroller.  This is often at the point a JPG or advance logistics support unit is deployed to the AO.
• Prior to reporting to the EAC for duty, the assigned EAC Comptroller will report to the theater Comptroller to effect the mission hand-off. At this time the theater Comptroller will fully update the EAC Comptroller on the status of funding actions and EAC Comptroller responsibilities. The EAC Comptroller will also brief the theater Comptroller on any known financial support and mission requirements. While a face-to-face meeting is preferred for the EAC hand-off, the hand-off may be accomplished telephonically if mission requirements so dictate.
• The theater Comptroller and the EAC Comptroller are mutually responsible during the hand-off briefing for establishing effective lines of communication to ensure the appropriate flow of information necessary to support EAC mission accomplishment.

Publications

The pertinent service regulations and publications are applicable to EAC fund control and financial services operations. Defense and Joint publications applicable to EAC financial operations include:

• The Joint Federal Travel Regulations, Volume 1, Uniformed Service Members
• DoD Financial Management Regulation 7000.14-R, Volume 5, Disbursing Policy and Procedures
• DoD Financial Management Regulation 7000.14-R, Volume 7, PART A, Department of Defense Military Pay and Allowances Entitlements Manual
• DoD Directive 7220.8, Policies and Procedures Governing the Use of the Authority of Section 3732, Revised Statutes
• DoD Directive 7280.4, Commander in Chief's (CINC's) Initiative Fund (CIF)
• DoD Directive 7360.11, Use of Foreign Currencies
• CJCSI 7401.01, CINC Initiative Fund

Manning for the Comptroller

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Operational Tasks

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