Military Definitionsa-b rolls. A technique by which audio and video information is played back from two videotape machines rolled sequentially, often for the purpose of dubbing the sequential information onto a third tape, usually a composite master. Required to achieve special effects or dissolves between scenes when editing.
ABCA countries. America, Britain, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand (associated through Australia).
abeam. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Bearing approximately 090 degrees or 270 degrees relative; at right angles to the longitudinal axis of a vehicle.
abeam replenishment. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The transfer at sea of personnel and/or supplies by rigs between two or more ships proceeding side by side.
ability. [TR 350-70] Power to perform an act, either innate or the result of learning and practice.
ability grouping. Arrangement whereby students are assigned to groups on the basis of aptitude testing.
abort. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO)
l To terminate a mission for any reason other than enemy action. It may occur at any point after the beginning of the mission and prior to its completion.
l To discontinue aircraft takeoff or missile launch.
abrasion. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In photography, a scratch or mark produced mechanically on an emulsion surface or film base.
absolute altimeter. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A type of altimeter which measures vertical distance to the surface below, using radio, radar, sonic, laser, or capacitive technology.
absolute altitude. The height of an aircraft directly above the surface or terrain over which it is flying. See also altitude.
absolute dud. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A nuclear weapon which, when launched at or emplaced on a target, fails to explode.
absolute height. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The height of an aircraft directly above the surface or terrain over which it is flying. See also altitude.
absolute standards. A statement defining the exact level of performance required of a student as a demonstration that he/she has mastered the course objective(s). Criterion-referenced tests are usually based on the absolute standard.
absorbed dose. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The amount of energy imparted by nuclear (or ionizing) radiation to unit mass of absorbing material. The unit is the rad.
abstract. [TP 25-71] A Government Information Locator Service data element that presents a narrative description of the information resource. This narrative should provide enough general information to allow the user to determine if the information resource has sufficient potential to warrant contacting the provider for further information.
academic review board. A board that evaluates a student's progress and recommends a course of action when the student has failed to achieve learning objectives or when the student is qualified to accelerate their training.
academic time/hours. [TR 350-70] The total length of time actually required to present training.
l Academic time includes –
l Conduct of training.
l Testing students.
l Conducting AAR
l An academic hour is 50 minutes
academic week [TR 350-70] Consists of the number of academic hours that must be trained during any given training week.
acceptability. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Operation plan review criterion. The determination whether the contemplated course of action is worth the cost in manpower, material, and time involved; is consistent with the law of war; and militarily and politically supportable. See also adequacy; completeness; feasibility; suitability.
acceptance. The act of an authorized representative of the government by which the government, for itself, or as agent of another, assumes ownership of existing identified supplies tendered, or approves specific services rendered, as partial or complete performance of the contract on the part of the contractor.
access constraints. [TP 25-71] This Government Information Locator Service data element is a grouping of subelements that together describe constraints or legal prerequisites for accessing the information resource or its component products or services. It includes General Access Constraints which subelement includes access constraints or legal prerequisites applied to assure the protection of privacy, and other special restrictions or limitations on obtaining the information resource.
access to classified information. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The ability and opportunity to obtain knowledge of classified information. Persons have access to classified information if they are permitted to gain knowledge of the information or if they are in a place where they would be expected to gain such knowledge. Persons do not have access to classified information by being in a place where classified information is kept if security measures prevent them from gaining knowledge of the information.
accidental attack. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An unintended attack which occurs without deliberate national design as a direct result of a random event, such as a mechanical failure, a simple human error, or an unauthorized action by a subordinate.
accidental war. Not to be used. See accidental attack.
accompanying supplies. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Unit supplies that deploy with forces.
accountability. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The obligation imposed by law or lawful order or regulation on an officer or other person for keeping accurate record of property, documents, or funds. The person having this obligation may or may not have actual possession of the property, documents, or funds. Accountability is concerned primarily with records, while responsibility is concerned primarily with custody, care, and safekeeping. See also responsibility.
accounting line designator (ALD). [JP 1-02] (DoD) A five-character code consisting of the target desired ground zero designator and the striking command suffix to indicate a specific nuclear strike by a specified weapon delivery system on a target objective to the operation plan.
accounts payable. Amounts owed on open accounts, e.g., materials and services received, wages earned, and fringe benefits unpaid.
accounts receivable. Amounts due from debtors on open accounts. Under appropriated funds, amounts due from debtors for reimbursements earned or for appropriation refunds due.
accreditation. 1[JP 1-02] (DoD) In computer modeling and simulation, an official determination that a model or simulation is acceptable for a specific purpose. See also configuration management; independent review; validation; verification. 2[CJCSI 6212.01A] The process by which a C4I system is evaluated for meeting security requirements to maintain the security of both the information and the information systems. A designated accreditation authority (DAA) is named for each system. Co-DAAs will accredit C4I systems in certain cases involving interoperability or integration of multiple systems. 3[TR 5-11] The official determination that a model, simulation, or federation of modeling and simulation is acceptable for use for a specific purpose. 4[TR 350-70] The recognition afforded an educational institution when it has met accepted standards of quality applied by an accepted, professional accreditation agency.
accreditation agent. [TR 5-11] The organization designated by the application sponsor to conduct an accreditation assessment for a modeling and simulation application.
accreditation criteria. [TR 5-11] A set of standards that a particular model, simulation, or federation of modeling and simulation must meet to be accredited for a specific purpose.
accreditation proponent. [TR 5-11] The head of the agency designated to determine a modeling and simulation is acceptable for a generic class of applications.
accredited curriculum. [TR 350-70] Any formal military training curriculum that has been reviewed and approved by a competent accrediting agency to determine the extent to which the curriculum content can be converted to civilian academic credit.
accrual accounting. The basis of accounting whereby revenue is recognized when it is realized and expenses are recognized when incurred, without regard to time of receipt or payment of cash.
accuracy of fire. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The precision of fire expressed by the closeness of a grouping of shots at and around the center of the target.
accuracy of information. See evaluation.
achievement grouping. Arrangement whereby students are assigned to groups according to their performance on pretests of units of the course.
achievement test. [TR 350-70] A test for measuring an individual's knowledge and skill accomplishments as a result of training. The achievement measures must be directly related to the training program objectives and performance standards required during training.
acknowledgment. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A message from the addressee informing the originator that his or her communication has been received and is understood
aclinic line. See magnetic equator.
acoustic circuit. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A mine circuit which responds to the acoustic field of a target. See also mine.
acoustic intelligence. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Intelligence derived from the collection and processing of acoustic phenomena.
acoustic jamming. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The deliberate radiation or reradiation of mechanical or electroacoustic signals with the objectives of obliterating or obscuring signals which the enemy is attempting to receive and of deterring enemy weapon systems. See also barrage jamming; electronic warfare; spot jamming.
acoustic mine. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A mine with an acoustic circuit which responds to the acoustic field of a ship or sweep. See also mine.
acoustic minehunting. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The use of a sonar to detect mines or mine-like objects which may be on or protruding from the seabed, or buried.
acoustic warfare. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO)Action involving the use of underwater acoustic energy to determine, exploit, reduce or prevent hostile use of the underwater acoustic spectrum and actions which retain friendly use of the underwater acoustic spectrum. There are three divisions within acoustic warfare:
l acoustic warfare support measures. That aspect of acoustic warfare involving actions to search for, intercept, locate, record and analyze radiated acoustic energy in water for purpose of exploiting such radiations. The use of acoustic warfare support measures involves no intentional underwater acoustic emission and is generally not detectable by the enemy.
l acoustic warfare countermeasures. That aspect of acoustic warfare involving actions taken to prevent or reduce an enemy's effective use of the underwater acoustic spectrum. Acoustic warfare counter-measures involve intentional underwater acoustic emissions for deception and jamming.
l acoustic warfare counter-countermeasures. That aspect of acoustic warfare involving actions taken to ensure friendly effective use of the underwater acoustic spectrum despite the enemy's use of underwater acoustic warfare. Acoustic warfare counter-countermeasures involve anti-acoustic warfare support measures and anti-acoustic warfare countermeasures, and may not involve underwater acoustic emissions.
acoustic warfare counter-countermeasures. See acoustic warfare, sense 3. Acoustic warfare counter-countermeasures involve anti-acoustic warfare support measures and anti-acoustic warfare countermeasures, and may not involve underwater acoustic emissions.
acoustic warfare countermeasures. See acoustic warfare, sense 2.
acoustic warfare support measures. See acoustic warfare, sense 1.
acoustical surveillance. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Employment of electronic devices, including sound-recording, receiving, or transmitting equipment, for the collection of information.
acquire. [JP 1-02] (DoD) .
l When applied to acquisition radars, the process of detecting the presence and location of a target in sufficient detail to permit identification.
l When applied to tracking radars, the process of positioning a radar beam so that a target is in that beam to permit the effective employment of weapons. See also target acquisition.
acquire (radar). See acquire
acquisition. 1Acquisition means the acquiring by contract with appropriated funds of supplies or services (including construction) by and for the use of the Federal Government through purchase or lease, whether the supplies or services are already in existence or must be created, developed, demonstrated, and evaluated. Acquisition begins at the point when agency needs are established and includes the description of requirements to satisfy agency needs, solicitation and selection of sources, award of contracts, contract financing, contract performance, contract administration, and those technical and management functions directly related to the process of fulfilling agency needs by contract. See collection (acquisition). 2[TR 350-70] The process used to acquire goods and services that begins when the need for a product or service is identified and continues until that need is met. See collection (acquisition). 3[DSMC] The conceptualization, initiation, design, development, test, contracting, production, deployment, logistic support (LS), modification, and disposal of weapons and other systems, supplies, or services (including construction) to satisfy DoD needs, intended for use in or in support of military missions.
acquisition categories. Categories established to facilitate decentralized decision making and execution and compliance with statutory requirements. The categories determine the level of review, decision, authority, and applicable procedures.
acquisition category (ACAT)
l ACAT I programs are Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAPs). An MDAP is defined as a program estimated by the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Technology) (USD(A&T) ) to require eventual expenditure for research, development, test, and evaluation of more than $355 million (fiscal year (FY) 96 constant dollars) or procurement of more than $2.135 billion (FY96 constant dollars), or those designated by the USD(A&T) to be ACAT I. ACAT I programs have two sub-categories:
l ACAT ID for which the Milestone Decision Authority (MDA) is USD(A&T). The "D" refers to the Defense Acquisition Board (DAB), which advises the USD(A&T) at major decision points.
l ACAT IC for which the MDA is the DoD Component Head or, if delegated, the DoD Component Acquisition Executive (CAE). The "C" refers to Component.
l The USD(A&T) designates programs as ACAT ID or ACAT IC.
l ACAT IA programs are Major Automated Information Systems (MAISs). A MAIS is estimated by the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (ASD(C3I)) to require program costs for any single year in excess of $30 million (FY96 constant dollars), total program in excess of $120 million (FY96 constant dollars), or total life cycle costs in excess of $360 million (FY96 constant dollars), or those designated by the ASD(C3I) to be ACAT IA. ACAT IA programs have two sub-categories:
l ACAT IAM for which the MDA is the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) Chief Information Officer (CIO) (formerly the Senior IM Official, the ASD(C3I)). The "M" refers to Major Automated Information Systems Review Council (MAISRC).
l ACAT IAC for which the MDA is the DoD Component Chief Information Officer (CIO) (formerly the Senior IM Official). The "C" refers to Component.
l The ASD(C3I) designates programs as ACAT IAM or ACAT IAC.
l ACAT II programs are defined as those acquisition programs that do not meet the criteria for an ACAT I program, but do meet the criteria for a major system. A major system is defined as a program estimated by the DoD Component Head to require eventual expenditure for research, development, test, and evaluation of more than $75M in FY80 constant dollars (approximately $140M in FY96 constant dollars), or for procurement of more than $300M in FY80 constant dollars (approximately $645M in FY96 constant dollars), or those designated by the DoD Component Head to be ACAT II. The MDA is the DoD CAE.
l ACAT III programs are defined as those acquisition programs that do not meet the criteria for an ACAT I, an ACAT IA, or an ACAT II. The MDA is designated by the CAE and shall be at the lowest appropriate level. This category includes less-than-major AISs.
acquisition decision memorandum (ADM). A memorandum signed by the milestone decision authority that documents decisions made and the exit criteria established as the result of a milestone decision review or inprocess review.
Acquisition Deskbook. See Defense Acquisition Deskbook.
acquisition environment. Internal and external factors that impact on, and help shape, every defense acquisition program. Often these factors work at opposite extremes and contradict each other. These factors include political forces, policies, regulations, reactions to unanticipated requirements, and emergencies.
acquisition executive. [DoD 5000.1] The individual, within the Department and Components, charged with overall acquisition management responsibilities within his or her respective organizations. The Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Technology (A&T)) is the Defense Acquisition Executive (DAE) responsible for all acquisition matters within the Department of Defense. The component acquisition executives (CAEs) for each of the components are the Secretaries of the military departments or heads of agencies with power of redelegation. The CAEs, or designee, are responsible for all acquisition matters within their respective components.
acquisition life cycle. The life of an acquisition program consists of phases, each preceded by a milestone or other decision point, during which a system goes through research, development, test and evaluation, and production. Currently, the four phases are:
l Concept Exploration (CE) (Phase 0)
l Program Definition and Risk Reduction (PDRR) (Phase I)
l Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) (Phase II)
l Production, Fielding/Deployment, and Operational Support (PF/DOS) (Phase III).
acquisition logistics. [DSMC] Technical and management activities to ensure supportability implications are considered early and throughout the acquisition process to minimize support costs and to provide the user with the resources to sustain the system in the field.
acquisition logistics support. A disciplined approach to the activities necessary to ensure the effective and economical support of a system or item of equipment for its life cycle. The elements of acquisition logistics support are design influence, maintenance, manpower and personnel, supply support, support equipment (including test, measurement, and diagnostic equipment), training and training devices, technical data, computer resources support, packaging handling and storage, transportation and transportability, facilities, and standardization and interoperability. Also called integrated logistics support (ILS).
acquisition management. [DSMC] Management of all or any of the activities within the broad spectrum of acquisition, as defined above. Also includes training of the defense acquisition workforce, and activities in support of planning, programming, and budget system (PPBS) for defense acquisition systems/programs. For acquisition programs this term is synonymous with program management.
Acquisition Management Milestone System (AMMS). The Department of the Army standard integrated life cycle management milestone reporting system and central data repository for recording system status in the acquisition cycle through fielding.
[DoD] acquisition management systems and data requirements control list (AMSDL). A listing of source documents and data item descriptions (DIDs) which have been approved for repetitive contractual application in DoD acquisitions and those that have been canceled or superseded. The acquisition management systems and data requirements control list (AMSDL) is identified as DoD 5010.12-L.
acquisition management systems control (AMSC) number. A control number for Type I and Type II DIDs and source documents. See [DoD] acquisition management systems and data requirements control list (AMSDL).
acquisition managers. [DSMC] Persons responsible at different levels for some activity of developing, producing, and fielding a weapon system. Includes senior level managers responsible for ultimate decisions, program managers, and commodity or functional area managers.
acquisition phase. 1[DoD 5200.2-R] All the tasks and activities needed to bring the program to the next major milestone occur during an acquisition phase. Phases provide a logical means of progressively translating broadly stated mission needs into well-defined system-specific requirements and ultimately into operationally effective, suitable, and survivable systems. An example of an acquisition phase is Program Definition and Risk Reduction. 2[TP 71] Phases provide a logical means of progressively translating broadly stated mission needs into well-defined, system-specific requirements and ultimately, into operationally-effective, suitable, and survivable systems. All the tasks and activities needed to bring the program to the next MS occur during acquisition phases.
acquisition plan (AP). 1Derived from the acquisition strategy — a document that records program decisions; contains the user's requirements; provides appropriate analysis of technical options; and includes life cycle plans for development, testing, production, training, and logistic support of materiel items. 2[DSMC] A formal written document reflecting the specific actions necessary to execute the approach established in the approved acquisition strategy and guiding contractual implementation. (Refer to Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) Subpart 7.1 and Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement Subpart 207.1 and Acquisition Strategy.)
acquisition planning. 1The support of requirements by bringing together disciplines necessary to determine, develop, or otherwise obtain and sustain systems/ equipment. Its goal is to ensure requisite quality, on time, and at a fair price. 2[DSMC] The process by which the efforts of all personnel responsible for an acquisition are coordinated and integrated through a comprehensive plan for fulfilling the agency need in a timely manner and at a reasonable cost. It is performed throughout the life cycle and includes developing an overall acquisition strategy for managing the acquisition and a written acquisition plan.
acquisition process. The process of planning, designing, producing, and distributing a weapon system/equipment for Army use.
acquisition program. [DoD 5200.2-R] A directed, funded effort that is designed to provide a new, improved, or continuing weapons system or automated information system (AIS) capability in response to a validated operational need. acquisition programs are divided into categories, which are established to facilitate decentralized decision-making and execution and compliance with statutory requirements.
acquisition program baseline (APB). [DSMC] A document that contains the most important cost, schedule, and performance parameters (both objectives and thresholds) for the program. It is approved by the Milestone Decision Authority (MDA), and signed by the program manager (PM) and his/her direct chain of supervision, e.g., for acquisition category (ACAT) ID programs it is signed by the PM, program executive officer (PEO), component acquisition executive (CAE), and defense acquisition executive (DAE).
acquisition reform. [DSMC] An ongoing series of initiatives sponsored by OSD (especially USD(A&T) and DUSD(AR)) to streamline and tailor the acquisition process. Initiatives include statutory and regulatory reform, CAIV, reform of specifications and standards policy, preference for commercial items, electronic data interchange and the use of the IPPD/IPT management philosophy for systems development and oversight.
acquisition reform day(s). [DSMC] An annual day or period set aside by the USD(A&T), usually in the spring, when the DoD acquisition workforce reviews the latest acquisition reform initiatives and policies in conjunction with presentations by senior OSD acquisition officials. The purpose of the stand-down is to ensure that the entire acquisition workforce is aware of new policy initiatives and has the necessary information to implement them.
acquisition reform stand-down day(s). [DSMC] See acquisition reform day(s).
acquisition risk. See risk.
acquisition strategy. 1The method utilized to design, develop, and display a system through its life cycle. It articulates the broad concepts and objectives which direct and control the overall development, production, and deployment of a materiel system. It evolves in parallel with the system’s maturation. Acquisition strategy must be stable enough to provide continuity, but dynamic enough to accommodate change. It is documented and approved as an annex to the decision coordinating paper (DCP) at Milestone I/II. 2[DSMC] A business and technical management approach designed to achieve program objectives within the resource constraints imposed. It is the framework for planning, directing, contracting for, and managing a program. It provides a master schedule for research, development, test, production, fielding, modification, postproduction management, and other activities essential for program success. Acquisition strategy is the basis for formulating functional plans and strategies (e.g., test and evaluation master plan (TEMP), acquisition plan (AP), competition, prototyping, etc.) See acquisition plan. 3[TP 71] The AS documents the appropriate planning process and provides a comprehensive approach for achieving goals established in material requirements. It serves as a principal long-range document, charting the course of a major acquisition program over its life-cycle.
acquisition strategy report. This report describes the acquisition approach, including streamlining, sources, competition, and contract types. It covers the period from the beginning of Phase I, Demonstration and Validation, through the end of production.
acquisition streamlining. 1A common sense approach that results in more efficient and effective use of resources to develop or produce quality products. This includes ensuring that only necessary and cost-effective requirements are included, at the most appropriate time in the acquisition cycle, in requests for proposal and resulting contracts for the design, development, and delivery of new products, or for modifications to existing products. 2[DSMC] Any effort that results in more efficient and effective use of resources to design, develop, or produce quality systems. This includes ensuring that only necessary and cost-effective requirements are included, at the most appropriate time in the acquisition cycle, in solicitations and resulting contracts for the design, development, and production of new systems, or for modifications to existing systems that involve redesign of systems or subsystems.
acquisition team. The acquisition team represents all organizations involved in the acquisition process (materiel developer, combat developer, testers, independent evaluators, logistician, doctrinaire, trainer, user, transporters, intelligence/ security representatives, and industry interface where sanctioned by legal review). The acquisition team is established early in the acquisition program, during development of the mission needs statement, with functional representatives to assist the materiel developer in planning the acquisition strategy. The acquisition team continues to function throughout the acquisition process until fielding is completed.
act. [DSMC] A bill or measure after it passes one or both Houses of Congress. Also denotes a law in place.
act of mercy. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In evasion and recovery operations, assistance rendered to evaders by an individual or elements of the local population who sympathize or empathize with the evaders' cause or plight. See also evader; evasion; evasion and recovery; recovery; recovery operations.
action. An action occurs in terminal learning objectives and learning objectives. It describes the specific behavior the learner is to exhibit after training.
action agent. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In intelligence usage, one who has access to, and performs actions against, the target.
action deferred. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Tactical action on a specific track is being withheld for better tactical advantage. Weapons are available and commitment is pending.
action information center. See air defense control center; combat information center.
action officer. [DSMC] The person responsible for taking action on a project, for coordination of all staff activities, and assembling the action package for decision by higher authority.
action verb. [TR 350-70] Verb that conveys action/behaviors and reflects the type of performance that is to occur (i.e., place, cut, drive, open, hold). Action verbs must reflect behaviors that are measurable, observable, verifiable, and reliable.
activate. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO)
l To put into existence by official order a unit, post, camp, station, base or shore activity which has previously been constituted and designated by name or number, or both, so that it can be organized to function in its assigned capacity. [JP 1-02] (DoD)
l To prepare for active service a naval ship or craft which has been in an inactive or reserve status. See also commission; constitute.
activation. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Order to active duty (other than for training) in the Federal service. See also active duty; Federal service.
activation detector. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A device used to determine neutron flux or density by virtue of the radioactivity induced in it as a result of neutron capture.
active air defense. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Direct defensive action taken to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action. It includes such measures as the use of aircraft, air defense weapons, weapons not used primarily in an air defense role, and electronic warfare. See also air defense.
active aircraft. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Aircraft currently and actively engaged in supporting the flying missions either through direct assignment to operational units or in the preparation for such assignment or reassignment through any of the logistic processes of supply, maintenance, and modification.
active communications satellite. See communications satellite.
active defense. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny a contested area or position to the enemy. See also passive defense.
active duty (AD). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Full-time duty in the active military service of the United States. This includes members of the Reserve Components serving on active duty or full-time training duty, but does not include full-time National Guard duty. See also active duty for training; inactive duty training.
active duty for special work. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A tour of active duty for Reserve personnel authorized from military and reserve personnel appropriations for work on Active or Reserve Component programs. This includes annual screening, training camp operations, training ship operations, and unit conversion to new weapon systems when such duties are essential. Active duty for special work may also be authorized to support study groups, training sites and exercises, short-term projects, and doing administrative or support functions. By policy, active duty for special work tours are normally limited to 139 days or less in one fiscal year. Tours exceeding 180 days are accountable against active duty end strength.
active duty for training. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A tour of active duty which is used for training members of the Reserve Components to provide trained units and qualified persons to fill the needs of the Armed Forces in time of war or national emergency and such other times as the national security requires. The member is under orders which provide for return to nonactive status when the period of active duty for training is completed. It includes annual training, special tours of active duty for training, school tours, and the initial duty for training performed by non-prior service enlistees.
Active Guard and Reserve (AGR). [JP 1-02] (DoD) National Guard and Reserve members who are on voluntary active duty providing full-time support to National Guard, Reserve, and Active Component organizations for the purpose of organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training the Reserve Components.
active homing guidance. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A system of homing guidance wherein both the source for illuminating the target and the receiver for detecting the energy reflected from the target as the result of the illumination are carried within the missile. See also guidance.
active material. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Material, such as plutonium and certain isotopes of uranium, which is capable of supporting a fission chain reaction.
active mine. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A mine to be actuated by the reflection from a target of a signal emitted by the mine.
active public affairs policy. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Open dissemination of information to inform the news media and public about an issue or activity. An active approach is characterized by announcing the event or addressing the issue through news media advisories, news releases, personal contacts, news conferences, or other forms of public presentation. Such a policy encourages and supports news media coverage. See also public affairs.
active repair time. [DSMC] That portion of down time during which one or more technicians are working on the system to effect a repair. This time includes preparation time, fault location time, fault correction time, and final check-out time for the system.
active status. Status of all Reserves except those on an inactive status list or in the Retired Reserve. Reservists in an active status may train for points and/or pay and may be considered for promotion.
active sealift forces. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Military Sealift Command active common-user sealift and the afloat prepositioning force, including the required cargo handling and delivery systems, and necessary operating personnel. See also afloat prepositioning force; common-user sealift; Military Sealift Command.
active status. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Status of all Reserves except those on an inactive status list or in the Retired Reserve. Reservists in an active status may train for points and/or pay and may be considered for promotion.
active video. The portion of the screen where video can appear. This is the portion of horizontal and vertical video not blanked by horizontal and vertical blanking.
active video lines. All video lines not occurring in the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals.
activity. [JP 1-02] (DoD)
l A unit, organization, or installation performing a function or mission, e.g., reception center, redistribution center, naval station, naval shipyard.
l A function or mission, e.g., recruiting, schooling. See also establishment.
activity step. One simple operation or movement that comprises part of a job. A job performance standard consists of a list of these operations or movements.
actual cost. [DSMC] A cost sustained in fact, on the basis of costs incurred, as distinguished from forecasted or estimated costs.
actual cost of work performed (ACWP). [DSMC] The costs actually incurred and recorded in accomplishing the work performed within a given time period.
actual dollars. [DSMC] Expenditures as recorded in prior time periods.
actual equipment trainer. An actual system or subsystem component modified to allow for training of personnel.
actual ground zero. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The point on the surface of the Earth at, or vertically below or above, the center of an actual nuclear detonation. See also desired ground zero; ground zero.
actual time. [DSMC] Time taken by a workman to complete a task or an element of a task.
actuate. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) To operate a mine firing mechanism by an influence or a series of influences in such a way that all the requirements of the mechanism for firing, or for registering a target count, are met.
actuator. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A mechanism that furnishes the force required to displace a control surface or other control element.
acute radiation dose. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Total ionizing radiation dose received at one time and over a period so short that biological recovery cannot occur.
Ada. A DoD programming language detailed in ANSI/MIL-STD 1815A.
adaptive branching technique. Any of several techniques used in scheduling to accommodate individual differences. It may permit the student to bypass material they already know or may provide them with additional instruction as needed.
additional skill identifier (ASI) or officer skill identifier (SI). 1[TR 350-70] Identification of specialized skills that are closely related to, and are in addition to, those required by military occupational specialty or areas of concentration (officers). Specialized skills administrative systems and subsystems, computer programming, procedures, installation management, identified by the ASI or officer SI include operation and maintenance of specific weapons systems and equipment, analytic methods, animal handling techniques, and other required skills that are too restricted in scope to comprise military occupation specialty or AOC (see DA PAM 611-21). 2[DoD] The identification of specialized skills that are closely related to, and are in addition to, those required by military occupational specialties (MOS).
additional training. Refresher, optional, or advanced training given to a student that results in the student regaining or improving their knowledge/proficiency.
additional training assemblies. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Inactive duty training periods authorized for selected individuals to participate in specialized training or in support of training. These are in addition to the training periods an individual attends as a part of unit training.
additive operation project (AOP). A project that consists of equipment requirements besides the initial issue allowances in modified table of organizational equipment (MTOE), table of distribution and allowance (TDA), and common table of allowance (CTA). It automatically increases the Army acquisition objective (AAO) by the quantities cited in the project. It is an authorization for major commands to acquire materiel for theaters or CONUS stockage for the purpose of supporting specific operations, contingencies, or war plans for specific geographical areas and worldwide base development.
addressee. [TP 25-71] The name of the organization or individual to whom a record is addressed.
adequacy. Operation plan review criterion. The determination whether the scope and concept of a planned operation are sufficient to accomplish the task assigned. See also acceptability; completeness; feasibility; suitability.
adjunct programming. A method of combining the features of good existing instructional materials (e.g., films, textbooks) with special directions or questions to guide the learner.
adjunctive material. [TR 350-70] Material that supports a program of instruction and must be used by soldiers to learn the tasks being taught in the program of instruction (i.e., adjunctive material for a lesson on map reading may include a map, compass, and protractor).
adjust. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An order to the observer or spotter to initiate an adjustment on a designated target.
adjust fire. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In artillery and naval gunfire support:
l An order or request to initiate an adjustment of fire.
l A method of control transmitted in the call for fire by the observer or spotter to indicate that he will control the adjustment.
adjustment. See adjustment of fire.
adjustment of fire. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Process used in artillery and naval gunfire to obtain correct bearing, range, and height of burst (if time fuses are used) when engaging a target by observed fire. See also spot.
adminisphere. The rarefied organizational layers beginning just above the rank and file. Decisions that fall from the adminisphere are often profoundly inappropriate or irrelevant to the problems they were designed to solve.
administration. [JP 1-02] (DoD)
l The management and execution of all military matters not included in strategy and tactics.
l Internal management of units.
administrative airlift service. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The airlift service normally provided by specifically identifiable aircraft assigned to organizations or commands for internal administration.
administrative chain of command. The normal chain of command for administration. See also chain of command; operational chain of command.
administrative comments. [CJCSI 6212.01A] Administrative comments to correct what appears to be a typographical or grammatical errors.
administrative contracting officer (ACO). [DSMC] The government contracting officer who is responsible for government contracts administration.
administrative control (ADCON). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Direction or exercise of authority over subordinate or other organizations in respect to administration and support, including organization of service forces, control of resources and equipment, personnel management, unit logistics, individual and unit training, readiness, mobilization, demobilization, discipline, and other matters not included in the operational missions of the subordinate or other organizations. See also combatant command (command authority); command; control; operational control; tactical control
administrative criteria. In media selection, the options that courseware be developed locally or at some central location.
administrative drop. [TR 350-70] The removal of a student from a formal training program for reasons other than failure to meet minimal academic standards.
administrative escort. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A warship or merchant ship under naval control, carrying a convoy commodore and his staff, serving as a platform for simultaneous communication with an operational control authority and a coastal convoy.
administrative landing. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An unopposed landing involving debarkation from vehicles which have been administratively loaded. See also administrative loading;administrative movement; logistics-over-the-shore operations
administrative lead time. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The interval between initiation of procurement action and letting of contract or placing of order. See also procurement lead time.
administrative loading. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A loading system which gives primary consideration to achieving maximum utilization of troop and cargo space without regard to tactical considerations. Equipment and supplies must be unloaded and sorted before they can be used. See also loading. Also called commercial loading.
administrative map. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A map on which is graphically recorded information pertaining to administrative matters, such as supply and evacuation installations, personnel installations, medical facilities, collecting points for stragglers and enemy prisoners of war, train bivouacs, service and maintenance areas, main supply roads, traffic circulation, boundaries, and other details necessary to show the administrative situation. See also map.
administrative march. See administrative movement.
administrative movement. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A movement in which troops and vehicles are arranged to expedite their movement and conserve time and energy when no enemy interference, except by air, is anticipated. Also called administrative march.
administrative order. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An order covering traffic, supplies, maintenance, evacuation, personnel, and other administrative details.
administrative shipping. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Support shipping that is capable of transporting troops and cargo from origin to destination, but which cannot be loaded or unloaded without non-organic personnel and/or equipment; e.g., stevedores, piers, barges, boats. See also administrative loading; administrative movement.
administrative time. [DSMC] The portion of down time not included under active repair time and logistics time.
advance. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A request from a spotter to indicate the desire that the illuminating projectile burst earlier in relation to the subsequent bursts of high explosive projectiles.
advance buy funding. [DSMC] That part of the procurement funding for an end item that is separately identified in an earlier year as an advance procurement.
advance force. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A temporary organization within the amphibious task force which precedes the main body to the objective area. Its function is to participate in preparing the objective for the main assault by conducting such operations as reconnaissance, seizure of supporting positions, minesweeping, preliminary bombardment, underwater demolitions, and air support.
advance funding. [DSMC] Budget authority provided in an appropriation act that allows funds to be committed to a specific purpose (obligated) and spent during that fiscal year even though the appropriation actually is for the next fiscal year. Advance funding generally is used to avoid requests for supplemental appropriations for entitlement programs late in a fiscal year, when the appropriations for the current fiscal year are too low.
advance guard. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Detachment sent ahead of the main force to ensure its uninterrupted advance; to protect the main body against surprise; to facilitate the advance by removing obstacles, and repairing roads and bridges; and to cover the deployment of the main body if it is committed to action.
advance guard reserve. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Second of the two main parts of an advance guard, the other being the advance guard support. It protects the main force and is itself protected by the advance guard support. Small advance guards do not have reserves.
advance guard support. [JP 1-02] (DoD) First of the two main parts of an advance guard, the other being the advance guard reserve. It is made up of three smaller elements, in order from front to rear, the advance guard point, the advance party, and the support proper. The advance guard support protects the advance guard reserve.
advance procurement. [DSMC] Authority provided in an appropriations act to obligate and disburse during a fiscal year from the succeeding year's appropriation. The funds are added to the budget authority for the fiscal year and deducted from the budget authority of the succeeding fiscal year. Used in major acquisition programs to obtain components whose long lead-time require purchase early in order to reduce the overall procurement lead-time of the major end item. Advance procurement of long lead components is an exception to the DoD full funding policy.
advance to contact. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An offensive operation designed to gain or reestablish contact with the enemy. See also approach march.
advanced base. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A base located in or near a theater of operations whose primary mission is to support military operations.
advanced concept technology demonstration (ACTD). [DSMC] A means of demonstrating mature technology to address critical military needs. ACTDs themselves are not acquisition programs, although they are designed to provide a residual, usable capability upon completion. Funding is programmed to support 2 years in the field. ACTDs are funded with 6.3a (advanced technology development) funds.
Advanced Concepts and Requirements (ACR) Domain. [TR 5-11] One of the three domains for Army modeling and simulation applications. ACR includes experiments with new concepts and advanced technologies to develop requirements in doctrine, training, leader development, organizations, materiel and soldiers which will better prepare the Army for future operations. ACR evaluates the impact of horizontal technology integration through simulation and experimentation using real soldiers in real units. [TR 350-70] One of three Army M&S (models and simulations) (modeling and simulation) domains. ACR includes experiments with new concepts and advanced technologies to develop requirements in doctrine, training, leader development, organization, materiel, and soldiers (DTLOMS) which will better prepare the Army for future operations. ACR evaluates the impacts of horizontal technology integration (HTI) through M&S (models and simulations) and experimentation using real soldiers in real units under actual battlespace field conditions.
Advanced Development (Research and Development Budget Activity 6.3). [TP 71] Includes all efforts which have moved into the development and integration of hardware and other technology products for field experiments and tests. The results of this type of effort are proof of technological feasibility and assessment of operability and producibility that could lead to the development of hardware for service use. It also includes advanced technology demonstrations that help expedite technology transition from the laboratory to operational use. Projects in this category have a direct relevance to identified military needs. Advanced Development may include concept exploration as described in DoDD 5000.1, but is non-system specific (Milestone 0).
advanced fleet anchorage. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A secure anchorage for a large number of naval ships, mobile support units and auxiliaries located in or near a theater of operations. See emergency anchorage.
advanced landing field. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An airfield, usually having minimum facilities, in or near an objective area. See also airfield.
advanced operations base (AOB). [JP 1-02] (DoD) In special operations, a small temporary base established near or within a joint special operations area to command, control, and/or support training or tactical operations. Facilities are normally austere. The base may be ashore or afloat. If ashore, it may include an airfield or unimproved airstrip, a pier, or an anchorage. An advanced operations base is normally controlled and/or supported by a main operations base or a forward operations base. See also forward operations base; main operations base.
advanced rotocraft technology integration (ARTI). A research effort to evaluate systems for new combat helicopters.
Advanced Simulations Program. [TR 5-11] An Army program intended to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of Army modeling and simulation development and use through the creation and sustainment of a common synthetic operating environment based on advanced simulation technology to support users in multiple domains. This program is a result of a critical review and re-focusing of the DIS Program.
Advanced Strategic Air-Launched Missile (ASALM). A Mach 4 air-breathing missile. Canceled in 1980.
advanced technology demonstration (ATD). [DSMC] Projects within the 6.3a (advanced technology development) program which are intended to demonstrate technical feasibility and maturity, and reduce technical risks and uncertainties at the relatively low costs of informal processes.
advanced technology development (ATD) (6.3a). [DSMC] A funding category including all projects which have moved into the development of hardware for demonstration, proof of technology, and/or technological trade-off purposes. Both ATDs and ACTDs are funded with 6.3a funds.
adverse weather. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Weather in which military operations are generally restricted or impeded. See also marginal weather.
adverse weather aerial delivery system (AWADS). [JP 1-02] (DoD) The precise delivery of personnel, equipment, and supplies during adverse weather, using a self-contained aircraft instrumentation system without artificial ground assistance, or the use of ground navigational aids.
adverse weather shutdown. Removal of power from training hardware due to power fluctuations caused by adverse weather.
advisory area. A designated area within a flight information region where air traffic advisory service is available.
advocates. 1[DSMC] The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and services' overseer whose job is to encourage, monitor, enforce, and report progress in attaining certain disciplines and goals. Advocates include competition, streamlining, specifications, and other topical issues. 2[DSMC] Persons or organizations actively supporting and selling an acquisition program.
Aegis. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A totally integrated shipboard weapon system that combines computers, radars, and missiles to provide a defense umbrella for surface shipping. The system is capable of automatically detecting, tracking, and destroying airborne, seaborne, and land- launched weapons.
aerial picket. [JP 1-02] (DoD) See air picket.
aerial port. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An airfield that has been designated for the sustained air movement of personnel and materiel, and to serve as an authorized port for entrance into or departure from the country in which located.
aerial port control center (APCC). [JP 1-02] (DoD) The agency responsible for the management and control of all aerial port resources and for the receipt and dissemination of all airlift requirements received from the airlift coordination cell as the joint force commander's agent.
aerial port squadron. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An Air Force organization which operates and provides the functions assigned to aerial ports, including processing personnel and cargo, rigging for airdrop, packing parachutes, loading equipment, preparing air cargo and load plans, loading and securing aircraft, ejecting cargo for inflight delivery, and supervising units engaged in aircraft loading and unloading operations.
aerodynamic missile. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A missile which uses aerodynamic forces to maintain its flight path, generally employing propulsion guidance. See also ballistic missile; guided missile.
aeromedical evacuation. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The movement of patients under medical supervision to and between medical treatment facilities by air transportation.
aeromedical evacuation coordination center (AECC). [JP 1-02] (DoD) A coordination center, within the joint air operations center's airlift coordination cell, which monitors all activities related to aeromedical evacuation (AE) operations execution. It manages the medical aspects of the AE mission and serves as the net control station for AE communications. It coordinates medical requirements with airlift capability, assigns medical missions to the appropriate AE elements, and monitors patient movement activities. See also aeromedical evacuation; aeromedical evacuation system; aeromedical evacuation unit.
aeromedical evacuation control officer. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An officer of the air transport force or air command controlling the flow of patients by air.
aeromedical evacuation system. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A system which provides:
l Control of patient movement by air transpor.;
l Specialized medical attendants and equipment for inflight medical care.
l Facilities on or in the vicinity of air strips/ bases for the limited medical care of intransit patients entering, en route via, or leaving the system.
l Communication with originating, destination, and enroute medical facilities concerning patient transportation.
See also aeromedical evacuation.
aeromedical evacuation unit. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An operational medical organization concerned primarily with the management and control of patients being transported via an aeromedical evacuation system or system echelon. See also forward aeromedical evacuation.
aeronautical chart. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A specialized representation of mapped features of the Earth, or some part of it, produced to show selected terrain, cultural and hydrographic features, and supplemental information required for air navigation, pilotage, or for planning air operations.
aeronautical information overprint. JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Additional information which is printed or stamped on a map or chart for the specific purpose of air navigation.
aeronautical plotting chart. JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A chart designed for the graphical processes of navigation.
aerospace. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Of, or pertaining to, Earth's envelope of atmosphere and the space above it; two separate entities considered as a single realm for activity in launching, guidance, and control of vehicles that will travel in both entities.
aerospace control operations. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The employment of air forces, supported by ground and naval forces, as appropriate, to achieve military objectives in vital aerospace areas. Such operations include destruction of enemy aerospace and surface-to-air forces, interdiction of enemy aerospace operations, protection of vital air lines of communication, and the establishment of local military superiority in areas of air operations.
aerospace defense. [JP 1-02] (DoD)
l All defensive measures designed to destroy or nullify attacking enemy aircraft and missiles and also negate hostile space systems.
l An inclusive term encompassing air defense, ballistic missile defense, and space defense.
See also air defense; space defense.
aerospace projection operations. See land, sea, or aerospace projection operations.
affective domain. A classification of educational objectives that focus on the development of attitudes, beliefs, and values.
affective learning. A domain of learning that is concerned with the acquisition of desired perceptions by the student; that is, the order and discipline required within the military. That part of student learning objectives that require the acquisition of perceptions in the students, promoting (e.g., self-confidence, responsibility, respect, dependability, and personal relations).
affiliates. Associated business concerns or individuals if, directly or indirectly, (a) either one controls or can control the other or (b) a third party controls or can control both.
affiliation with the Department of Defense. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Persons, groups of persons, or organizations are considered to be affiliated with the Department of Defense if they are:
l Employed by, or contracting with, the Department of Defense or any activity under the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense, whether on a full-time, part-time, or consultative basis.
l Members of the Armed Forces on active duty, National Guard members, or those in a reserve or retired status.
l Residing on, authorized access to, or conducting or operating any business or other function at any DoD installation or facility.
l Authorized access to defense information.
l Participating in other authorized DoD programs.
l Applying or being considered for any status described above.
affordability. Function of cost, priority, and availability of fiscal and manpower resources. A determination that the life-cycle cost of an acquisition program is in consonance with the long-range investment and force structure plans of the DoD or individual DoD components.
afloat prepositioning force (APF). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Shipping maintained in full operational status to afloat preposition military equipment and supplies in support of combatant commanders' operation plans. The afloat prepositioning force consists of the three maritime prepositioning ships squadrons and the afloat prepositioning ships. See also afloat prepositioning ships; maritime prepositioning ships.
afloat prepositioning operations. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Prepositioning of ships, preloaded with equipment and supplies (including ammunition and petroleum) that provides for an alternative to land based programs. This concept provides for ships and onboard force support equipment and supplies positioned near potential crisis areas that can be delivered rapidly to joint airlifted forces in the operational area. Afloat prepositioning in forward areas enhances a force's capability to respond to a crisis resulting in faster reaction time. See also operation.
afloat prepositioning ships (APS). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Forward deployed merchant ships loaded with tactical equipment and supplies to support the initial deployment of military forces. See also merchant ship.
afloat support. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A form of logistic support outside the confines of a harbor in which fuel, ammunition, and supplies are provided for operating forces either underway or at anchor. See also floating base support.
after-action review (AAR). [TR 350-70] A professional discussion of an event, focused on performance standards, that enables soldiers to discover for themselves what happened, why it happened, and how to sustain strengths and improve on weaknesses. It is a tool leaders, trainers, and units can use to get maximum benefit from every mission or task.
afterburning. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO)
l The characteristic of some rocket motors to burn irregularly for some time after the main burning and thrust has ceased.
l The process of fuel injection and combustion in the exhaust jet of a turbojet engine (aft or to the rear of the turbine).
afterwinds. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Wind currents set up in the vicinity of a nuclear explosion directed toward the burst center, resulting from the updraft accompanying the rise of the fireball.
age of moon. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The elapsed time, usually expressed in days, since the last new moon.
agency. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In intelligence usage, an organization or individual engaged in collecting and/or processing information. Also called collection agency. See also agent; intelligence cycle; source.
agency acquisition executive. See DoD component acquisition executive.
agency head. See head of the agency.
agent. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In intelligence usage, one who is authorized or instructed to obtain or to assist in obtaining information for intelligence or counterintelligence purposes.
agent authentication. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The technical support task of providing an agent with personal documents, accouterments, and equipment which have the appearance of authenticity as to claimed origin and which support and are consistent with the agent's cover story.
agent net. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An organization for clandestine purposes which operates under the direction of a principal agent.
Aggregates. [DSMC] The totals relating to the whole budget rather than a particular function, program, or line item. The seven budget aggregates are budget authority, outlays, revenues, deficit/surplus, level of public debt, new direct loan obligations, and new guaranteed loan commitments.
aggressor forces. [JP 1-02] (DoD)
l Forces engaged in aggressive military action.
l In the context of training exercises, the enemy created to add realism in training maneuvers and exercises. This method replaces the less realistic system of fictional red and blue armies.
agility. The ability of friendly forces to act faster than the enemy.
agonic line. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A line drawn on a map or chart joining points of zero magnetic declination for a specified year date. See also magnetic declination.
agreed point. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A predetermined point on the ground, identifiable from the air, and used when aircraft assist in fire adjustment.
air. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In artillery and naval gunfire support, a spotting, or an observation, by a spotter or an observer to indicate that a burst or group of bursts occurred before impact.
air alert. See airborne alert; air defense warning conditions; alert; ground alert.
air apportionment. See apportionment (air).
air attack. [JP 1-02] (DoD)
l coordinated. A combination of two or more types of air attack (dive, glide, low-level) in one strike, using one or more types of aircraft.
l deferred. A procedure in which attack groups rendezvous as a single unit. It is used when attack groups are launched from more than one station with their departure on the mission being delayed pending further orders.
l divided. A method of delivering a coordinated air attack which consists of holding the units in close tactical concentration up to a point, then splitting them to attack an objective from different directions.
air cargo. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Stores, equipment or vehicles, which do not form part of the aircraft, and are either part or all of its payload. See also cargo.
Air Carrier Initiative Program. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Mutual assistance program with signatory commercial air carriers to assist in illegal drug detection and detection of internal conspiracies.
air cartographic camera. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A camera having the accuracy and other characteristics essential for air survey or cartographic photography. Also called mapping camera.
air cartographic photography. The taking and processing of air photographs for mapping and charting.
air command. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A major subdivision of the Air Force; for operational purposes, it normally consists of two or more air forces. See also command.
air control. See air controller; air traffic control center; airway; area control center; combat zone; control and reporting center; control area; controlled airspace; control zone; tactical air control center; tactical air controller; terminal control area.
air controller. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An individual especially trained for and assigned the duty of the control (by use of radio, radar, or other means) of such aircraft as may be allotted to him for operation within his/her area. See also air traffic controller; air weapons controller; tactical air controller.
air corridor. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A restricted air route of travel specified for use by friendly aircraft and established for the purpose of preventing friendly aircraft from being fired on by friendly forces.
air cushion vehicle (ACV). [JP 1-02] (DoD) A vehicle capable of being operated so that its weight, including its payload, is wholly or significantly supported on a continuously generated cushion or bubble of air at higher than ambient pressure. (Note: NATO uses the term ground effect machine.)
air data computer. See central air data computer.
air defense. [JP 1-02] (DoD) All defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles in the Earth's envelope of atmosphere, or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack. See also active air defense; aerospace defense; passive air defense.
air defense action area. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An area and the airspace above it within which friendly aircraft or surface-to-air weapons are normally given precedence in operations except under specified conditions. See also air defense operations area.
air defense area. [JP 1-02] (DoD)
l overseas. A specifically defined airspace for which air defense must be planned and provided.
l United States. Airspace of defined dimensions designated by the appropriate agency within which the ready control of airborne vehicles is required in the interest of national security during an air defense emergency.
air defense artillery. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Weapons and equipment for actively combating air targets from the ground.
air defense battle zone. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A volume of airspace surrounding an air defense fire unit or defended area, extending to a specified altitude and range, in which the fire unit commander will engage and destroy targets not identified as friendly under criteria established by higher headquarters.
air defense control center. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The principal information, communications, and operations center from which all aircraft, antiaircraft operations, air defense artillery, guided missiles, and air warning functions of a specific area of air defense responsibility are supervised and coordinated. Also called air defense operations area. See also combat information center.
air defense direction center. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An installation having the capability of performing air surveillance, interception, control, and direction of allocated air defense weapons within an assigned sector of responsibility. It may also have an identification capability.
air defense division. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A geographic subdivision of an air defense region. See also air defense sector.
air defense early warning. See early warning.
air defense emergency. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An emergency condition, declared by the Commander in Chief, North American Air Defense Command, that exists when attack upon the continental United States, Alaska, Canada, or United States installations in Greenland by hostile aircraft or missiles is considered probable, is imminent, or is taking place.
air defense ground environment. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The network of ground radar sites and command and control centers within a specific theater of operations which are used for the tactical control of air defense operations.
air defense identification zone (ADIZ). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Airspace of defined dimensions within which the ready identification, location, and control of airborne vehicles are required. See also air defense operations area.
air defense operations area. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An area and the airspace above it within which procedures are established to minimize mutual interference between air defense and other operations; it may include designation of one or more of the following: air defense action area, air defense area; air defense identification zone, and/or firepower umbrella. See also air defense action area; air defense identification zone; firepower umbrella; positive identification and radar advisory zone.
air defense operations center. See air defense control center.
air defense operations team. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A team of United States Air Force ground environment personnel assigned to certain allied air defense control and warning units/elements.
air defense readiness. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An operational status requiring air defense forces to maintain higher than ordinary preparedness for a short period of time.
air defense region. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A geographical subdivision of an air defense area.
air defense sector. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A geographical subdivision of an air defense region. See also air defense division.
air defense suppression. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In air operations, actions taken to degrade fixed and mobile surface-based components of enemy air defense systems so that offensive air forces may effectively attack a target.
Air Defense Tactical Air Command (ADTAC). When ADC ceased to exist, its role and aircraft became part of TAC. Later ADTAC was renamed 1st Air Force.
air defense warning conditions. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A degree of air raid probability according to the following code. The term air defense division/sector referred to herein may include forces and units afloat and/or deployed to forward areas, as applicable.
l air defense warning yellow - Attack by hostile aircraft and/or missiles is probable. This means that hostile aircraft and/or missiles are en route toward an air defense division/sector, or unknown aircraft and/or missiles suspected to be hostile are en route toward or are within an air defense division/sector.
l air defense warning red - Attack by hostile aircraft and/or missiles is imminent or is in progress. This means that hostile aircraft and/or missiles are within an air defense division/sector or are in the immediate vicinity of an air defense division/sector with high probability of entering the division/sector.
l air defense warning white - Attack by hostile aircraft and/or missiles is improbable. May be called either before or after air defense warning yellow or red. The initial declaration of air defense emergency will automatically establish a condition of air defense warning other than white for purposes of security control of air traffic.
air delivery. See airdrop; air landed; air movement; air supply.
air delivery container. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A sling, bag, or roll, usually of canvas or webbing, designed to hold supplies and equipment for air delivery.
air delivery equipment. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Special items of equipment, such as parachutes, air delivery containers, platforms, tie downs, and related items, used in air delivery of personnel, supplies, and equipment.
air direct delivery. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The strategic air movement of cargo or personnel from an airlift point of embarkation to a point as close as practicable to the user's specified final destination, thereby minimizing transshipment requirements. Air direct delivery eliminates the traditional Air Force two step strategic and theater airlift transshipment mission mix.
air division. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A unit or its headquarters, on a level of command above wing level, composed of two or more combat wings, but sometimes adapted to other organizational structures.
air employment/allocation plan. [JP 1-02] (DoD)The means by which subordinate commanders advise the joint force commander of planned employment/allocation of organic or assigned assets, of any expected excess sorties, or of any additional air support requirements.
air facility. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An installation from which air operations may be or are being conducted. See also facility.
air fire plan. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A plan for integrating and coordinating tactical air support of ground forces with other fire support.
Air Force component headquarters.