Military Definitions

C-format videotape. A standard for one-inch videotape and one-inch videotape recorders and players.

C²-attack. See command and control warfare.

C^³I/C^⁴I systems. [TP 71] C^³I means command, control, communications, and intelligence systems. C^⁴I is the same but with the addition of word "computer". While information technology (IT) by definition includes C^³I/C^⁴I systems, C^³I/C^⁴I systems are classified as National Security System IT (see IT).

C⁴ systems. [CJCSI 6212.01A] Any system featuring all or a subset of the following: Communications, automated information, or intelligence systems or equipment that assist the commander in planning, directing, and controlling forces. C⁴I systems consist of hardware, software, personnel, facilities, and procedures and represent the integration of information (including data), information processing, and information transfer systems organized to collect, produce, store, display, and disseminate information. See command, control, communications, and computer systems.

CA administration. See civil administration.

cache. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In evasion and recovery operations, source of subsistence and supplies, typically containing items such as food, water, medical items, and/or communications equipment, packaged to prevent damage from exposure and hidden in isolated locations by such methods as burial, concealment, and/or submersion, to support evaders in current or future operations. See also evader; evasion; evasion and recovery; recovery; recovery operations; concealment.

cadre training. Training of an initial (nucleus) group of personnel, such as instructors. See instructor and key personnel training, and new equipment training.

calibrated focal length. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An adjusted value of the equivalent focal length, so computed as to equalize the positive and negative values of distortion over the entire field used in a camera. See also focal length.

call fire. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Fire delivered on a specific target in response to a request from the supported unit. See also fire.

call for fire. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A request for fire containing data necessary for obtaining the required fire on a target.

call mission. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A type of air support mission which is not requested sufficiently in advance of the desired time of execution to permit detailed planning and briefing of pilots prior to takeoff. Aircraft scheduled for this type of mission are on air, ground, or carrier alert, and are armed with a prescribed load.

call sign. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Any combination of characters or pronounceable words, which identifies a communication facility, a command, an authority, an activity, or a unit; used primarily for establishing and maintaining communications. See also collective call sign; indefinite call sign; international call sign; net call sign; tactical call sign; visual call sign; voice call sign.

camera axis. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An imaginary line through the optical center of the lens perpendicular to the negative photo plane.

camera axis direction. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Direction on the horizontal plane of the optical axis of the camera at the time of exposure. This direction is defined by its azimuth expressed in degrees in relation to true/magnetic north.

camera calibration. The determination of the calibrated focal length, the location of the principal point with respect to the fiducial marks and the lens distortion effective in the focal plane of the camera referred to the particular calibrated focal length.

camera cycling rate. The frequency with which camera frames are exposed, expressed as cycles per second.

camera nadir. See photo nadir.

camera station (photogrammetry). See air station (photogrammetry). .

camera-ready copy (CRC). [TR 350-70] CRCs can be in two forms: paper or electronic.

l Paper CRC is material that has been composed, edited, illustrated, and properly displayed on illustration boards and is ready for entry into the printing procurement system.

l Electronic CRC is the computer version of this material provided either on a disk or as a printed copy.

camouflage. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The use of natural or artificial material on personnel, objects, or tactical positions with the aim of confusing, misleading, or evading the enemy.

camouflage detection photography. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Photography utilizing a special type of film (usually infrared) designed for the detection of camouflage.

camouflet. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The resulting cavity in a deep underground burst when there is no rupture of the surface. See also crater.

camp. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A group of tents, huts, or other shelter set up temporarily for troops, and more permanent than a bivouac. A military post, temporary or permanent, may be called a camp.

campaign. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A series of related military operations designed to achieve one or more strategic objectives within a given time and space. See also campaign plan.

campaign plan. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A plan for a series of related military operations aimed to achieve strategic and operational objectives within a given time and space. See also campaign.

campaign planning. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The process whereby combatant commanders and subordinate joint force commanders translate national or theater strategy into operational concepts through the development of campaign plans. Campaign planning may begin during deliberate planning when the actual threat, national guidance, and available resources become evident, but is normally not completed until after the National Command Authorities select the course of action during crisis action planning. Campaign planning is conducted when contemplated military operations exceed the scope of a single major joint operation. See also campaign; campaign plan.

campus area network (CAN). [TR 350-70] A CAN generally covers a smaller geographic area, i.e., installation, than a WAN. A CAN transports data throughout an installation. This network connects LANs and provides data interface and network management interface to the LANs.

canalize. [JP 1-02] (DoD) To restrict operations to a narrow zone by use of existing or reinforcing obstacles or by fire or bombing.

cancel. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In artillery and naval gunfire support, the term, cancel, when coupled with a previous order, other than an order for a quantity or type of ammunition, rescinds that order.

cancel check firing. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The order to rescind check firing.

cancel converge. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The command used to rescind converge.

cannibalize. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) To remove serviceable parts from one item of equipment in order to install them on another item of equipment.

cannot observe. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A type of fire control which indicates that the observer or spotter will be unable to adjust fire, but believes a target exists at the given location and is of sufficient importance to justify firing upon it without adjustment or observation.

cantilever lifting frame (CLF). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Used to move Navy lighterage causeway systems on to and off of lighter aboard ship (LASH) vessels. This device is suspended from the Morgan LASH barge crane and can lift one causeway section at a time. It is designed to allow the long sections to clear the rear of the ship as they are lowered into the water. See also causeway; lighterage.

capability. ¹[JP 1-02] (DoD) The ability to execute a specified course of action. (A capability may or may not be accompanied by an intention.) ²[DSMC] A measure of the systems' ability to achieve mission objectives, given the system condition during the mission.

capability goal. An objective which justifies combat and materiel developments. When achieved, it will reduce the Army’s vulnerability or will provide a major operational advantage in a certain area. Capability goals are detailed enough to provide a basis for:

l Early development planning.

l Evaluating technological proposals provided by materiel developers.

l Evaluating materiel proposals by Army users.

capacity. [DSMC] Analysis An analysis most frequently employed in a machine or process area to project capacity for additional business.

capacity load (Navy). [JP 1-02] (DoD) The maximum quantity of all supplies (ammunition; petroleum, oils, and lubricants; rations; general stores; maintenance stores; etc.) which each vessel can carry in proportions prescribed by proper authority. See also wartime load.

capstone publications. [TR 350-70] Describe the applicable warfighting principles, regardless of the type of operations or the echelon. These publications focus on general principles. For example, a principle of training is to "train as you fight" and a principle of combat is to "concentrate combat power at the decisive place and time." Leaders and soldiers read these publications to gain insight into the principles underlying the concepts for training and executing operations. They provide the foundation for all subordinate doctrinal and training publications

capstone requirements document (CRD). ^¹[TP 71] Identifies systems requirements to define a mission area and serves as a guide for ORD development. CRDs can be a combination of two or more MNS/ORDs/programs. The CRD is the bridge between the MNS and program ORDs. It is a living document that reflects changes in threat or technologies. ^²[DSMC] A document resulting from a combination of two or more mission need statement (MNS)/operational requirements documents (ORDs)/programs when considered together in a system-of-systems. The CRD concept takes advantage of independent systems which can be integrated together to create a master system which satisfies a higher level requirement. The CRD identifies master system requirements and serves as a guide for ORD development of independent system components and as a vehicle for program oversight.

capstone test and evaluation master plan (capstone TEMP). A test and evaluation master plan which addresses the testing and evaluation of a defense system or program consisting of a collection of individual systems which function collectively. Individual system-unique content requirements are addressed in an annex to the basic capstone TEMP.

Capstone Warfighting Concept. [TP 71] This is the highest level Army concept. This concept links National Military Strategy, Defense Planning Guidance, Joint Vision, The Army Plan, and other high level documents to a description of required future operational capabilities. These capabilities cover the entire range of military operations at strategic, operational, and tactical levels in joint, multi-national, and interagency activities. There is only one Capstone concept at a time and TRADOC Pam 525-5 serves as the Capstone Warfighting Concept.

capsule. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO)

l A sealed, pressurized cabin for extremely high altitude or space flight which provides an acceptable environment for man, animal, or equipment.

l An ejectable sealed cabin having automatic devices for safe return of the occupants to the surface.

captive firing. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A firing test of short duration, conducted with the missile propulsion system operating while secured to a test stand.

captured. See missing.

cardinal point effect. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The increased intensity of a line or group of returns on the radarscope occurring when the radar beam is perpendicular to the rectangular surface of a line or group of similarly aligned features in the ground pattern.

career management field (CMF). A grouping of related military occupational specialties that provides visible and logical progression of an enlisted soldier's career to SGM.

caretaker status. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A non-operating condition in which the installations, materiel, and facilities are in a care and limited preservation status. Only a minimum of personnel is required to safeguard against fire, theft, and damage from the elements.

cargo. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Commodities and supplies in transit. See also air cargo; chemical ammunition cargo; dangerous cargo; flatted cargo; general cargo; heavy-lift cargo; high explosive cargo; immediately vital cargo; loading; inflammable cargo; perishable cargo; special cargo; troop space cargo; unwanted cargo; valuable cargo; vehicle cargo; wanted cargo.

cargo carrier. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Highly mobile, air transportable, unarmored, full-tracked cargo and logistic carrier capable of swimming inland waterways and accompanying and resupplying self-propelled artillery weapons. Designated as M548.

cargo classification (combat loading). [JP 1-02] (DoD) The division of military cargo into categories for combat loading aboard ships. See also cargo.

cargo outturn message. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A brief message report transmitted within 48 hours of completion of ship discharge to advise both the Military Sealift Command and the terminal of loading of the condition of the cargo, including any discrepancies in the form of overages, shortages, or damages between cargo as manifested and cargo as checked at time of discharge.

cargo outturn report. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A detailed report prepared by a discharging terminal to record discrepancies in the form of over, short, and damaged cargo as manifested, and cargo checked at a time and place of discharge from ship.

cargo sling. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A strap, chain, or other material used to hold cargo items securely which are to be hoisted, lowered, or suspended.

cargo tie-down point. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A point on military materiel designed for attachment of various means for securing the item for transport.

cargo transporter. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A reusable metal shipping container designed for worldwide surface and air movement of suitable military supplies and equipment through the cargo transporter service.

carpet bombing. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The progressive distribution of a mass bomb load upon an area defined by designated boundaries, in such manner as to inflict damage to all portions thereof.

career management field (CMF). [TR 350-70] A grouping of related military occupational specialties that provides visible and logical progression of a soldier's career to grade SGM.

carriage. See gun carriage.

carrier air group. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Two or more aircraft squadrons formed under one commander for administrative and tactical control of operations from a carrier.

carrier onboard delivery (COD). Aircraft designed to deliver goods to carriers, but not necessarily carrier-based.

carrier striking force. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A naval task force composed of aircraft carriers and supporting combatant ships capable of conducting strike operations.

cartel. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An association of independent businesses organized to control prices and production, eliminate competition, and reduce the cost of doing business

cartridge actuated device. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Small explosive devices used to eject stores from launched devices, actuate other explosive systems, or provide initiation for aircrew escape devices.

CARVER. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A special operations forces acronym used throughout the targeting and mission planning cycle to assess mission validity and requirements. The acronym stands for criticality, accessibility, recuperability, vulnerability, effect, and recognizability.

cascaded equipment. [TR 350-70] Equipment or systems currently in the Army inventory that are to be redistributed within a MACOM, or between MACOMs, as a result of the Army modernization process.

case. [JP 1-02] (DoD)

l An intelligence operation in its entirety.

l Record of the development of an intelligence operation, including personnel, modus operandi, and objectives.

case file. [TP 25-71] A folder or other file unit containing various information relating to a specific action, transaction, event, person, place, project, or other subject. A case file may cover one or many subjects that relate to the case. For example, a contract file contains records on a specific contract, such as applications, correspondence, addenda, reports, and processing documents. Other types of case files include official personnel folders, medical records, surveys, and studies.

case study. A learning experience in which students encounter a real-life situation under the guidance of an instructor or computer in order to achieve an instructional objective.

case-telescoped (CT). A round that contains the bullet within the cartridge, to have a compact, cylindrical round.

casual. See transient.

casualty. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Any person who is lost to the organization by having been declared dead, duty status – whereabouts unknown, missing, ill, or injured. See also casualty category; casualty status; casualty type; duty status – whereabouts unknown; hostile casualty; nonhostile casualty.

casualty category. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A term used to specifically classify a casualty for reporting purposes based upon the casualty type and the casualty status. Casualty categories include killed in action, died of wounds received in action, and wounded in action. See also casualty; casualty status; casualty type; duty status – whereabouts unknown; missing.

casualty receiving and treatment ship. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In amphibious operations, a ship designated to receive, provide treatment for, and transfer casualties.

casualty status. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A term used to classify a casualty for reporting purposes. There are seven levels of casualty status:

l Deceased.

l Duty status – whereabouts unknown.

l Missing.

l Very seriously ill or injured.

l Seriously ill or injured.

l Incapacitating illness or injury.

l Not seriously injured.

casualty type. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A term used to identify a casualty for reporting purposes as either a hostile casualty or a non-hostile casualty. See also casualty; casualty category; casualty status; hostile casualty; nonhostile casualty.

Catalog of Approved Requirements Documents (CARDS). [TP 71] CARDS is an ODCSOPS publication that lists approved materiel requirements documents. Its purpose is to provide up-to-date reference information to the combat and materiel development communities.

catalytic attack. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An attack designed to bring about a war between major powers through the disguised machinations of a third power.

catalytic war. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Not to be used. See catalytic attack.

catapult. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A structure which provides an auxiliary source of thrust to a missile or aircraft; must combine the functions of directing and accelerating the missile during its travel on the catapult; serves the same functions for a missile as does a gun tube for a shell.

categories of data. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In the context of perception management and its constituent approaches, data obtained by adversary individuals, groups, intelligence systems, and officials. Such data fall in two categories:

l information - a compilation of data provided by protected or open sources that would provide a substantially complete picture of friendly intentions, capabilities, or activities.

l indicators - data derived from open sources or from detectable actions that adversaries can piece together or interpret to reach personal conclusions or official estimates concerning friendly intentions, capabilities, or activities. Note: In operations security, actions that convey indicators exploitable by adversaries, but that must be carried out regardless, to plan, prepare for, and execute activities, are called observables.

See also operations security.

categories of interactive courseware (ICW). There are four categories of ICW, descriptions are as follows:

l category 1 – Low Simulation Presentation. This is the lowest (baseline) category of ICW development. It is normally a knowledge or familiarization lesson, provided in a linear format (one idea after another). Category 1 is primarily used for introducing an idea or concept. The user has little or no control over the sequence and timed events of the lesson material. Minimal interactively is provided by selective screen icons and inserted into the lesson through typical input/output peripherals and programming protocols. This category may include simple developed graphics and/or clip art, customer provided video and audio clips.

l category 2 – Medium Simulation Presentation. This category involves the recall of more information than a Category 1 presentation and allows the student more control over the lesson’s scenario through screen icons and other peripherals, such as light pens or touch screens. Typically Category 2 is used for non-complex operations and maintenance lessons. Simple emulations or simulations are presented to the user. As an example, the user is requested to rotate switches, turn dials, make adjustments, or identify and replace a faulted component as part of a procedure. This category also may include simple to standard developed graphics, and/or clip art, and customer provided video and audio clips.

l category 3 – High Simulation Presentation. This category involves the recall of more complex information (compared to Categories 1 and 2) and allows the user an increased level of control over the lesson scenario through peripherals such as light pen, touch screen, track ball, or mouse. Video, graphics, or a combination of both are presented simulating the operation of a system, subsystem, or equipment to the user. The lesson scenario training material typically is complex and involves more frequent use of peripherals to affect a transfer of learning. Operation and maintenance procedures are normally practiced with Category III scenarios and students may be required to alternate between multiple screens to keep pace with the lesson material. Multiple software branches (two to three levels) and rapid response are provided to support remediation. Emulations and simulations are an integral part of this presentation. This category may also include complex developed graphics, and/or clip art, and customer provided video and audio clips.

l category 4 – Real-time Simulation Presentation. This ICW category involves more in-depth recall of a larger amount of information (compared to Categories 1, 2, and 3) and allows the user an increased level of control over the lesson. Every possible subtask is analyzed an presented with full, on-screen interaction, similar to the approach used in aircraft simulator technology. The lesson material is extremely complex and involves more frequent use of peripherals to affect the transfer of learning. This category normally supports certification, recertification or qualification requirements. Complicated operation and maintenance procedures are normally practiced with Category 4 and involves all of the elements of Categories 1, 2, and 3 presentations plus

^lA high degree of interactively.

^lAn extensive branching (four or more levels).

^lLevels of sophistication short of artificial intelligence.

category code. [TP 25-71] A unique identifier assigned to a record group based on a file plan.

causeway. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A craft similar in design to a barge, but longer and narrower, designed to assist in the discharge and transport of cargo from vessels. See also barge; watercraft.

causeway launching area. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An area located near the line of departure but clear of the approach lanes, where ships can launch pontoon causeways.

caveat. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A designator used with a classification to further limit the dissemination of restricted information.

cease engagement. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In air defense, a fire control order used to direct units to stop the firing sequence against a designated target. Guided missiles already in flight will continue to intercept. See also engage; hold fire.

cease fire. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A command given to air defense artillery units to refrain from firing on, but to continue to track, an airborne object. Missiles already in flight will be permitted to continue to intercept.

cease fire line. See armistice demarcation line. See also armistice; cease fire.

cease loading. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In artillery and naval gunfire support, the command used during firing of two or more rounds to indicate the suspension of inserting rounds into the weapon.

ceiling. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The height above the earth's surface of the lowest layer of clouds or obscuration phenomena that is reported as broken, overcast, or obscured and not classified as thin or partial.

celestial guidance. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The guidance of a missile or other vehicle by reference to celestial bodies. See also guidance.

celestial sphere. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An imaginary sphere of infinite radius concentric with the Earth, on which all celestial bodies except the Earth are imagined to be projected.

cell. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Small group of individuals who work together for clandestine or subversive purposes.

cell system. See net, chain, cell system.

censorship. See armed forces censorship; civil censorship; field press censorship; military censorship; national censorship; primary censorship; prisoner of war censorship; secondary censorship.

center of burst. See mean point of impact.

center of gravity. The hub of all power and movement upon which everything depends; that characteristic, capability, or location from which enemy and friendly forces derive their freedom of action, physical strength, or the will to fight.

centers of gravity (COGs). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Those characteristics, capabilities, or localities from which a military force derives its freedom of action, physical strength, or will to fight. See also capability.

centigray. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A unit of absorbed dose of radiation (one centigray equals one rad).

central air data computer. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A device which computes altitude, vertical speed, air speed and mach number from inputs of pilot and static pressure and temperature.

central control officer. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The officer designated by the amphibious task force commander for the overall coordination of the waterborne ship-to-shore movement. The central control officer is embarked in the central control ship.

central procurement. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The procurement of material, supplies, or services by an officially designated command or agency with funds specifically provided for such procurement for the benefit and use of the entire component, or, in the case of single managers, for the military departments as a whole.

central war. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Not to be used. See general war.

centralized control. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In air defense, the control mode whereby a higher echelon makes direct target assignments to fire units. See also decentralized control.

centralized management. [DSMC] The concept of using a single, designated management authority. It includes system management, program/project management, and product management.

centralized receiving and shipping point (CRSP). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Actual location where containers with cargo must be sorted before transshipment to the appropriate supply support activity or owning unit. Single consignee cargo and ammunition will not pass through the centralized receiving and shipping point. Cargo will be shipped directly to the owner with the movement organization maintaining visibility and ammunition will go directly to the appropriate ammunition storage facility. See also cargo.

centrally managed item. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An item of materiel subject to inventory control point (wholesale level) management.

certification. ¹[CJCSI 6212.01A] The process by which DoD systems with C⁴I capabilities is evaluated for satisfaction of requirements for interoperability, compatibility, and integration. This process occurs at two levels in the instruction:

l requirements certification. Confirmation by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, based on assessments by Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) and other components, that applicable standards and compatibility, interoperability, and integration requirements have been considered during the requirements review process. This certification will occur as a prerequisite for the system acquisition to progress to each acquisition milestone and so will be a multiple occurrence for each program. As part of the requirements certification process, DISA will determine if the standardization approach proposed for a planned new or modified C⁴I system will support compatibility and interoperability with functionally related C⁴I systems and equipment. As the system concept and technical approach are developed, the detailed approach to standardization should evolve and will be documented in a final standards profile that is included in subsequent acquisition documents (i.e., draft specifications).

l interoperability certification. Confirmation by DISA that a C⁴I/AIS system has undergone appropriate testing; that the applicable standards and requirements for compatibility, interoperability, and integration have been met; and a system is ready for joint and/or combined use.

l security certification. The formal technical evaluation of security features and other safeguards on a system. Security certification establishes the extent to which a particular system design and implementation meet a set of specified security requirements.

²[TR 350-32] Determination of training effectiveness analysis analytical soundness and sufficiency to answer decision maker's issues. ³[TR 350-70] Written verification of proficiency in a given task or tasks.

certification for initial operational test and evaluation (IOTE). [DSMC] A service process undertaken in the engineering and management development resulting in the announcement of a system's readiness to undergo IOTE. The process varies with each Service.

certified instructor. [TR 350-70] An instructor who is certified by the Instructor Certification Board as meeting all the requirements to instruct in a specific course. Certification normally requires:

l Training as an instructor (through graduation from a TRADOC-approved instructor training course) and eligibility to hold the instructor identifier.

l Training in small group instruction for those assigned responsibility to facilitate small group instruction.

l Demonstrating performance ability in course content (including being MOS/specialty qualified) or being a graduate of the course.

l Demonstrating teaching or facilitating competence in the course the instructor will conduct.

chaff. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Radar confusion reflectors, which consist of thin, narrow metallic strips of various lengths and frequency responses, used to reflect echoes for confusion purposes. See also rope; window.

chain. See net, cell system.

chain of command. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The succession of commanding officers from a superior to a subordinate through which command is exercised. Also called command channel. See also administrative chain of command; operational chain of command.

chaining. [TR 350-70] A training technique that uses or transforms a learned response into the stimulus for the next desired response, which then becomes the stimulus for the next response and so on to the final desired response. It is sometimes used when constructing a test that requires the student to use an answer from an already completed test question in order to arrive at the answer of a different test question. This situation should normally be avoided in testing because missing the initial question can result in missing all other chained questions.

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) instruction. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A replacement document for all types of correspondence containing CJCS policy and guidance that does not involve the employment of forces. An instruction is of indefinite duration and is applicable to external agencies or both the Joint Staff and external agencies. It remains in effect until superseded, rescinded, or otherwise canceled. CJCS Instructions, unlike joint publications, will not contain joint doctrine and/or joint tactics, techniques, and procedures. See also guidance; joint doctrine; joint publication; joint tactics, techniques, and procedures.

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) memorandum of policy. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A statement of policy approved by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and issued for the guidance of the services, the combatant commands, and the Joint Staff.

Chairman's program assessment (CPA). [DSMC] Summarizes the views of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff on the balance and capabilities of forces and support levels to attain national security objectives. It is the Chairman's personal assessment of the adequacy of the program objectives memorandum (POM) force to assist the Secretary of Defense in decisions on the future years defense program subsequent to receipt of the POMs.

Chairman's program recommendations (CPR). [DSMC] Documentation sent to the Secretary of Defense by the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff which reflects his view of the priorities and warfighting requirements of the unified combatant commanders Commanders-in-Chief that should be incorporated into the Defense Planning Guidance for DoD components.

chalk commander. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The commander of all troops embarked under one chalk number. See also chalk number; chalk troops.

chalk number. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The number given to a complete load and to the transporting carrier. See also chalk commander; chalk troops.

chalk troops. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A load of troops defined by a particular chalk number. See also chalk commander; chalk number.

challenge. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Any process carried out by one unit or person with the object of ascertaining the friendly or hostile character or identity of another. See also countersign; password; reply.

change of operational control (CHOP). [JP 1-02] (DoD) The date and time (coordinated Universal Time) at which the responsibility for operational control of a force or unit passes from one operational control authority to another.

change order (CO). [DSMC] A unilateral order, signed by the government contracting officer, directing the contractor to make a change that the changes clause authorizes without the contractor's consent.

channel. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Used in conjunction with a predetermined letter, number, or code word to reference a specific radio frequency.

channel airlift. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Common-user airlift service provided on a scheduled basis between two points.

Chaparral. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A short-range, low-altitude, surface-to-air, Army air defense artillery system. Designated as MIM-72.

characteristic actuation probability. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The average probability of a mine of a given type being actuated by one run of the sweep within the characteristic actuation width.

characteristic actuation width. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The width of path over which mines can be actuated by a single run of the sweep gear.

characteristic detection probability. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The ratio of the number of mines detected on a single run to the number of mines which could have been detected within the characteristic detection width.

characteristic detection width. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The width of path over which mines can be detected on a single run.

characterization (evaluation). [JP 1-02] (DoD) A biographical sketch of an individual or a statement of the nature and intent of an organization or group.

charge. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO)

l The amount of propellant required for a fixed, semi-fixed, or separate loading projectile, round or shell. It may also refer to the quantity of explosive filling contained in a bomb, mine or the like.

l In combat engineering, a quantity of explosive, prepared for demolition purposes.

charged demolition target. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A demolition target on which all charges have been placed and which is in the states of readiness, either state 1 - safe, or state 2 - armed. See also state of readiness - state 1 safe; state of readiness - state 2 armed.

chart base. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A chart used as a primary source for compilation or as a framework on which new detail is printed. Also called topographic base. See also base map.

chart index. See map index.

chart location of the battery. See battery center.

chart series. See map; map series.

chart sheet. See map; map sheet.

charter (joint program manager's). [DSMC] Formal document prepared by the lead service with approval of the participating services which delineates the program manager's (PM's) responsibility, authority and major functions, and describes relationships with other organizations which will use and/or support the program. The charter also describes and assigns responsibility for satisfying unique management requirements of participating services.

charter (program manager's (PM's)). [DSMC] Provides authority to conduct the program within cost, schedule, and performance constraints approved by the decision authority. Establishes manpower resources for the program office and includes assignment of personnel to perform the functions of technical management/systems engineering, logistics, business and financial management, as well as the designation of a contracting officer. It also defines the PM's line of authority and reporting channels.

check firing. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In artillery and naval gunfire support, a command to cause a temporary halt in firing.

check port/starboard. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In air intercept, a term meaning, "Alter heading ____ degrees to port/starboard momentarily for airborne radar search and then resume heading."

check sweeping. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In naval mine warfare, sweeping to check that no moored mines are left after a previous clearing operation.

check-on-learning. [TR 350-70] An informal, required, check to determine if students are learning the lesson content. It can be as simple as asking one or two review questions or as complex as asking students to demonstrate skill performance. Quizzes, practical exercises, and check questions are examples.

checklist. [TR 350-70]

l Job aid: Used to determine or ensure a process or procedure is followed. The elements of the activity are listed in the execution sequence. A check is usually placed beside each element as it is accomplished.

l Test: A list of actions that identify critical actions that must be performed and that can be objectively observed and measured to determine student performance of the objective to the prescribed standard; the sequence of performance, if any; and an identification of which steps absolutely must be accomplished, if any. The actions are measured in the form of GO or NO GO. This is an absolute measure - the performer either performed or did not perform the action described in the learning objective, met or did not meet the performance criteria.

checkout. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A sequence of functional, operational, and calibrational tests to determine the condition and status of a weapon system or element thereof.

checkpoint. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO)

l A predetermined point on the surface of the Earth used as a means of controlling movement, a registration target for fire adjustment, or reference for location.

l Center of impact; a burst center.

l Geographical location on land or water above which the position of an aircraft in flight may be determined by observation or by electrical means.

l A place where military police check vehicular or pedestrian traffic in order to enforce circulation control measures and other laws, orders, and regulations.

chemical agent. A chemical substance which is intended for use in military operations to kill, seriously injure, or incapacitate personnel through its physiological effects. Excluded from consideration are riot control agents, herbicides, smoke, and flame. See also biological agent.

chemical agent cumulative action. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The building up, within the human body, of small ineffective doses of certain chemical agents to a point where eventual effect is similar to one large dose.

chemical ammunition. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A type of ammunition, the filler of which is primarily a chemical agent.

chemical ammunition cargo. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Cargo such as white phosphorous munitions (shell and grenades). See also cargo.

chemical, biological, and radiological operation. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A collective term used only when referring to a combined chemical, biological, and radiological operation.

chemical defense. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The methods, plans and procedures involved in establishing and executing defensive measures against attack utilizing chemical agents. See also NBC defense.

chemical dose. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The amount of chemical agent, expressed in milligrams, that is taken or absorbed by the body.

chemical environment. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Conditions found in an area resulting from direct or persisting effects of chemical weapons.

chemical horn. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In naval mine warfare, a mine horn containing an electric battery, the electrolyte for which is in a glass tube protected by a thin metal sheet. Also called Hertz Horn.

chemical monitoring. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The continued or periodic process of determining whether or not a chemical agent is present. See also chemical survey.

chemical operations. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Employment of chemical agents to kill, injure, or incapacitate for a significant period of time, personnel or animals, and deny or hinder the use of areas, facilities, or material; or defense against such employment.

chemical survey. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The directed effort to determine the nature and degree of chemical hazard in an area and to delineate the perimeter of the hazard area.

chemical warfare (CW). [JP 1-02] (DoD) All aspects of military operations involving the employment of lethal and incapacitating munitions/agents and the warning and protective measures associated with such offensive operations. Since riot control agents and herbicides are not considered to be chemical warfare agents, those two items will be referred to separately or under the broader term chemical, which will be used to include all types of chemical munitions/ agents collectively. The term chemical warfare weapons may be used when it is desired to reflect both lethal and incapacitating munitions/agents of either chemical or biological origin. See also chemical operations, herbicide, riot control agent.

chemical warfare agent. See chemical agent.

chicks. Friendly fighter aircraft.

Chief Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps censor. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An officer appointed by the commander of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps component of a unified command to supervise all censorship activities of that service.

chief of staff. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The senior or principal member or head of a staff, or the principal assistant in a staff capacity to a person in a command capacity; the head or controlling member of a staff, for purposes of the coordination of its work; a position, that in itself is without inherent power of command by reason of assignment, except that which is invested in such a position by delegation to exercise command in another's name. In the Army and Marine Corps, the title is applied only to the staff on a brigade or division level or higher. In lower units, the corresponding title is executive officer. In the Air Force, the title is applied normally in the staff on an Air Force level and above. In the Navy, the title is applied only on the staff of a commander with rank of commodore or above. The corresponding title on the staff of a commander of rank lower than commodore is chief staff officer, and in the organization of a single ship, executive officer.

chief information officer validation. A representative of the DISC^⁴ (the Army CIO) participates in the requirements determination process as a member of the ICT, and later the IPT. This person validates requirements against business process reengineering, compliance with the ATA, and ensures they are in compliance with emerging C^⁴I technologies.

chop. [DSMC] Concurrence acquired during coordination.

chronic radiation dose. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A dose of ionizing radiation received either continuously or intermittently over a prolonged period of time. A chronic radiation dose may be high enough to cause radiation sickness and death but if received at a low dose rate a significant portion of the acute cellular damage will be repaired. See also acute radiation dose; radiation dose; radiation dose rate.

chronological order. Arranging content in order from one topic to another based on when they occurred in time.

chuffing. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The characteristic of some rockets to burn intermittently and with an irregular noise.

CI liaison. The establishment and maintenance of personal contacts between CI liaison officers and personnel of organizations which have missions, responsibilities, information resources, or capabilities similar to those of U.S. Army intelligence. It is conducted to promote cooperation, unity of purpose, and mutual understanding; coordinate actions and activities; and to exchange information and viewpoints. OCONUS CI liaison also includes overt collection of foreign intelligence and CI; acquisition from foreign sources of material and assistance not otherwise available; and the procedures used to gain access to individuals whose cooperation, assistance, or knowledge are desired.

CINC's required date (CDR). [JP 1-02] (DoD) The original date relative to C-day, specified by the combatant commander for arrival of forces or cargo at the destination; shown in the time-phased force and deployment data to assess the impact of later arrival.

CINC's Strategic Concept (CSC). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Final document produced in Step 5 of the concept development phase of the deliberate planning process. The CINC's strategic concept is used as the vehicle to distribute the CINC's decision and planning guidance for accomplishing joint strategic capabilities plan or other Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) taskings. CJCS approval of the strategic concept becomes the basis of the plan for development into an operation plan or operation plan in concept format. Formerly called the concept of operations.

cipher. Any cryptographic system in which arbitrary symbols or groups of symbols, represent units of plain text of regular length, usually single letters, or in which units of plain text are rearranged, or both, in accordance with certain predetermined rules. See also cryptosystem.

circuit. [JP 1-02] (DoD)

l An electronic path between two or more points, capable of providing a number of channels.

l A number of conductors connected together for the purpose of carrying an electrical current.

circuitry. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A complex of circuits describing interconnection within or between systems.

circular error probable (CEP). [JP 1-02] (DoD) An indicator of the delivery accuracy of a weapon system, used as a factor in determining probable damage to a target. It is the radius of a circle within which half of a missile's projectiles are expected to fall. See also delivery error; deviation; dispersion error; horizontal error.

civic action. See military civic action.

civil administration. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An administration established by a foreign government in

l friendly territory, under an agreement with the government of the area concerned, to exercise certain authority normally the function of the local government, or

l hostile territory, occupied by United States forces, where a foreign government exercises executive, legislative, and judicial authority until an indigenous civil government can be established.

Also called CA administration.

civil affairs (CA). [JP 1-02] (DoD) The activities of a commander that establish, maintain, influence, or exploit relations between military forces and civil authorities, both governmental and nongovernmental, and the civilian populace in a friendly, neutral, or hostile area of operations in order to facilitate military operations and consolidate operational objectives. Civil affairs may include performance by military forces of activities and functions normally the responsibility of local government. These activities may occur prior to, during, or subsequent to other military actions. They may also occur, if directed, in the absence of other military operations. See also civil-military operations.

civil affairs activities. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Activities performed by commanders, staffs, Department of Defense elements and units, and foreign military forces that:

l embrace the relationship between military forces and civil authorities and population in areas where military forces are present; and

l involve application of civil affairs functional specialty skills, in areas normally the responsibility of civilian government, which enhance conduct of civil-military operations.

civil affairs agreement. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An agreement which governs the relationship between allied armed forces located in a friendly country and the civil authorities and people of that country. See also civil affairs.

civil censorship. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Censorship of civilian communications, such as messages, printed matter, and films, entering, leaving, or circulating within areas or territories occupied or controlled by armed forces. See also censorship.

civil damage assessment. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An appraisal of damage to a nation's population, industry, utilities, communications, transportation, food, water, and medical resources to support planning for national recovery. See also damage assessment.

civil defense. [JP 1-02] (DoD) All those activities and measures designed or undertaken to:

l Minimize the effects upon the civilian population caused or which would be caused by an enemy attack on the United States.

l Deal with the immediate emergency conditions which would be created by any such attack.

l Effectuate emergency repairs to, or the emergency restoration of, vital utilities and facilities destroyed or damaged by any such attack.

civil defense emergency. See domestic emergencies.

civil defense intelligence. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The product resulting from the collection and evaluation of information concerning all aspects of the situation in the United States and its territories that are potential or actual targets of any enemy attack including, in the preattack phase, the emergency measures taken and estimates of the civil populations' preparedness. In the event of an actual attack, a description of conditions in the affected area with emphasis on the extent of damage, fallout levels, and casualty and resource estimates. The product is required by civil and military authorities for use in the formulation of decisions, the conduct of operations, and the continuation of the planning processes.

civil disturbance. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Group acts of violence and disorder prejudicial to public law and order. See also domestic emergencies.

civil disturbance readiness conditions. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Required conditions of preparedness to be attained by military forces in preparation for deployment to an objective area in response to an actual or threatened civil disturbance.

civil disturbances. See domestic emergencies.

civil engineering. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Those combat support and combat service support activities that identify, design, construct, lease, or provide facilities, and which operate, maintain, and perform war damage repair and other engineering functions in support of military operations. See also civil engineering support plan; combat service support; combat support.

civil engineering support plan (CESP). [JP 1-02] (DoD) An appendix to the Logistics annex or separate annex of an operation plan that identifies the minimum essential engineering services and construction requirements required to support the commitment of military forces. See also civil engineering; operation plan.

civil nuclear power. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A nation which has potential to employ nuclear technology for development of nuclear weapons but has deliberately decided against doing so. See also nuclear power.

civil requirements. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The computed production and distribution of all types of services, supplies, and equipment during periods of armed conflict or occupation to ensure the productive efficiency of the civilian economy and to provide civilians the treatment and protection to which they are entitled under customary and conventional international law.

Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF). [JP 1-02] (DoD) A program in which the Department of Defense uses aircraft owned by a US entity or citizen. The aircraft are allocated by the Department of Transportation to augment the military airlift capability of the Department of Defense. These aircraft are allocated, in accordance with DoD requirements, to segments, according to their capabilities, such as International Long Range and Short Range Cargo and Passenger sections, National (Domesticand Alaskan sections) and Aeromedical Evacuation and other segments as may be mutually agreed upon by the Department of Defense and the Department of Transportation. See also reserve.

civil transportation. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The movement of persons, property, or mail by civil facilities, and the resources (including storage, except that for agricultural and petroleum products) necessary to accomplish the movement. (Excludes transportation operated or controlled by the military, and petroleum and gas pipelines.)

civil-military operations. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Group of planned activities in support of military operations that enhance the relationship between the military forces and civilian authorities and population and which promote the development of favorable emotions, attitudes, or behavior in neutral, friendly, or hostile groups.

civil-military operations center (CMOC). [JP 1-02] (DoD) An ad hoc organization, normally established by the geographic combatant commander or subordinate joint force commander, to assist in the coordination of activities of engaged military forces, and other United States Government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, private voluntary organizations, and regional and international organizations. There is no established structure, and its size and composition are situation dependent. See also civil-military operations; international organization; nongovernmental organizations; private voluntary organizations.

civilian internee. [JP 1-02] (DoD)

l A civilian who is interned during armed conflict or occupation for security reasons or for protection or because he has committed an offense against the detaining power.

l A term used to refer to persons interned and protected in accordance with the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, 12 August 1949 (Geneva Convention).