Military Definitions

-ilities. [DSMC] The operational and support requirements a program must address (e.g., availability, maintainability, vulnerability, reliability, logistic supportability, etc.)

I go. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A code meaning, "I am leaving my patrol/mission in minutes." See also I stay.

I stay. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In air intercept, a code meaning, "Am remaining with you on patrol/mission hours." See also I go.

icon. Symbolic, pictorial representation of a particular function or task.

identification. [JP 1-02] (DoD)

l The process of determining the friendly or hostile character of an unknown detected contact.

l In arms control, the process of determining which nation is responsible for the detected violations of any arms control measure.

l In ground combat operations, discrimination between recognizable objects as being friendly or enemy, or the name that belongs to the object as a member of a class.

identification, friend or foe (IFF). [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A system using electromagnetic transmissions to which equipment carried by friendly forces automatically responds, for example, by emitting pulses, thereby distinguishing themselves from enemy forces.

identification, friend or foe/ selective identification feature procedures. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The directives that govern the use of identification, friend or foe selective identification feature equipment. See also identification, friend or foe.

identification friend or foe personal identifier. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The discrete Identification friend or foe code assigned to a particular aircraft, ship, or other vehicle for identification by electronic means.

identification maneuver. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A maneuver performed for identification purposes.

identify. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A code meaning, "Identify the contact designated by any means at your disposal." See also identification, recognition.

identity. See identification; recognition.

idle time. [DSMC] A time interval during which either the worker, the equipment, or both do not perform useful work.

igloo space. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Area in an earth-covered structure of concrete and/or steel designed for the storage of ammunition and explosives. See also storage.

igniter. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A device designed to produce a flame or flash which is used to initiate an explosive train.

ignition system. See firing system.

illumination by diffusion. See indirect illumination.

illumination by reflection. See indirect illumination.

illustration. The use of graphics, animation, or any kind of visual demonstration within a lesson.

image enhancement. A display technique that improves details or contrast between display elements.

image format. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Actual size of negative, scope, or other medium on which image is produced.

image motion compensation. Movement intentionally imparted to film at such a rate as to compensate for the forward motion of an air or space vehicle when photographing ground objects.

imagery. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Collectively, the representations of objects reproduced electronically or by optical means on film, electronic display devices, or other media.

imagery collateral. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The reference materials which support the imagery interpretation function.

imagery correlation. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The mutual relationship between the different signatures on imagery from different types of sensors in terms of position and the physical characteristics signified.

imagery data recording. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The transposing of information relating to the airborne vehicle and sensor, such as speed, height, tilt, position, and time, to the matrix block on the sensor record at the moment of image acquisition.

imagery exploitation. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The cycle of processing and printing imagery to the positive or negative state, assembly into imagery packs, identification, interpretation, mensuration, information extraction, the preparation of reports, and the dissemination of information.

imagery intelligence (IMINT). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Intelligence derived from the exploitation of collection by visual photography, infrared sensors, lasers, electro-optics, and radar sensors such as synthetic aperture radar wherein images of objects are reproduced optically or electronically on film, electronic display devices, or other media. See also intelligence; photographic intelligence.

imagery interpretation. [JP 1-02]

l (DoD, NATO) The process of location, recognition, identification, and description of objects, activities, and terrain represented on imagery.

l (NATO) The extraction of information from photographs or other recorded images.

imagery interpretation key. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Any diagram, chart, table, list, or set of examples, etc., which is used to aid imagery interpreters in the rapid identification of objects visible on imagery.

imagery pack. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An assembly of the records from different imagery sensors covering a common target area.

imagery sortie. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) One flight by one aircraft for the purpose of recording air imagery.

imitative electromagnetic deception. See electromagnetic deception.

immediacy of performance. A statistical rating of task performance data collected by a job analysis survey that indicates the time between job entry and job performance (the time between when the cue is received to perform a task and when the task is performed). A factor that may be used by the critical task selection board.

immediate air support. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Air support to meet specific requests which arise during the course of a battle and which by their nature cannot be planned in advance. See also air support.

immediate airlift requests. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Requests generated which, due to their time-critical nature, cannot be filled by a planned mission.

immediate decontamination. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Decontamination carried out by individuals upon coming contaminated, to save life and minimize casualties. This may include decontamination of some personal clothing and/or equipment. See also decontamination, operational decontamination, thorough decontamination.

immediate destination. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The next destination of a ship or convoy, irrespective of whether or not onward routing instructions have been issued to it.

immediate message. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A category of precedence reserved for messages relating to situations that gravely affect the security of national/allied forces or populace and that require immediate delivery to the addressee(s). See also precedence.

immediate mission request. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A request for an air strike on a target which, by its nature, could not be identified sufficiently in advance to permit detailed mission coordination and planning. See also preplanned mission request.

immediate mission request (reconnaissance). [JP 1-02] (DoD) A request for a mission on a target which, by its nature, could not be identified sufficiently in advance to permit detailed mission coordination and planning.

immediate nuclear support. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Nuclear support to meet specific requests which arise during the course of a battle, and which, by their nature, cannot be planned in advance. See also nuclear support; preplanned nuclear support.

immediate operational readiness. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Those operations directly related to the assumption of an alert or quick-reaction posture. Typical operations include strip alert, airborne alert/indoctrination, no-notice launch of an alert force, and the maintenance of missiles in an alert configuration. See also nuclear weapon exercise; nuclear weapon maneuver.

immediately vital cargo. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A cargo already loaded which the consignee country regards as immediately vital for the prosecution of the war or for national survival, notwithstanding the risk to the ship. If the cargo is carried in a ship of another nation, then that nation must agree to the delivery of the cargo. The use of this term is limited to the period of implementation of the shipping movement policy. See also cargo.

impact action fuse. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A fuze that is set in action by the striking of a projectile or bomb against an object, e.g., percussion fuze, contact fuse. Synonymous with direct action fuse. See also fuse.

impact area. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An area having designated boundaries within the limits of which all ordnance will detonate or impact.

impact point. See point of impact.

impact pressure. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The difference between pitot pressure and static pressure.

implementation. ^¹[JP 1-02] (DoD) Procedures governing the mobilization of the force and the deployment, employment, and sustainment of military operations in response to execution orders issued by the National Command Authorities. ^²[TR 350-70] The actual conduct of training by any method of instruction using the validated training materials created during the design and development phases.^³[DoD] Conducting training. ⁴[DSMC] The publication of directives, instructions, regulations, and related documents that define responsibilities and authorities and establish the internal management processes necessary to implement the policies or procedures of a higher authority.

implementation planning. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Operational planning associated with the conduct of a continuing operation, campaign, or war to attain defined objectives. At the national level, it includes the development of strategy and the assignment of strategic tasks to the combatant commanders. At the theater level, it includes the development of campaign plans to attain assigned objectives and the preparation of operation plans and operation orders to prosecute the campaign. At lower levels, implementation planning prepares for the execution of assigned tasks or logistic missions. See also joint operation planning.

implemented project. [DSMC] A cooperative project for which, subsequent to DoD Component or the Office of the Secretary of Defense approval, agreements with one or more allied or friendly nations have been signed and Component funds or funds for cooperative research and development under Title 10 U.S.C.2350a, have been authorized and released.

implementing command. [DSMC] The command responsible for the acquisition and/or modification of the system (USAF).

implosion weapon. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A weapon in which a quantity of fissionable material, less than a critical mass at ordinary pressure, has its volume suddenly reduced by compression (a step accomplished by using chemical explosives) so that it becomes supercritical, producing a nuclear explosion.

impoundment. [DSMC] An action by the President that prevents the obligation or expenditure of budget authority. Deferrals and rescissions are the two types of presidential impoundment.

impoundment resolution. [DSMC] Whenever all or part of any budget authority provided by the Congress is deferred the President must transmit a message to the Congress describing the deferrals. Either house may, at any time, pass a resolution disapproving this deferral of budget authority, thus requiring that the funds be made available for obligation. When no congressional action is taken, deferrals may remain in effect until, but not beyond, the end of the fiscal year. If the funds remain available beyond the end of a FY and continued deferral of their use is desired, the President must transmit a new special message to the Congress. See deferral of budget authority; impoundment.

imprest fund. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A cash fund of a fixed amount established through an advance of funds, without appropriation change, to an authorized imprest fund cashier to effect immediate cash payments of relatively small amounts for authorized purchases of supplies and non-personal services.

imprest funds. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Funds issued by Army and Air Force Exchange Service (AAFES) to a military organization to purchase beginning inventory for the operation of an AAFES imprest fund activity. See also Army and Air Force Exchange Service imprest fund activity.

imprint. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Brief note in the margin of a map giving all or some of the following: date of publication, printing, name of publisher, printer, place of publication, number of copies printed, and related information.

improved conventional munitions. [JP 1-02] (DoD)Munitions characterized by the delivery of two or more antipersonnel or antimateriel and/or antiarmor submunitions by an artillery warhead or projectile.

improvised early resupply. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The onward movement of commodities which are available on land and which can be readily loaded into ships. See also element of resupply.

improvised explosive device. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A device placed or fabricated in an improvised manner incorporating destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic, or incendiary chemicals and designed to destroy, incapacitate, harass, or distract. It may incorporate military stores, but is normally devised from nonmilitary components.

improvised mine. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A mine fabricated from available materials at or near its point of use.

improvised nuclear device(IND). [JP 1-02] (DoD) A device incorporating radioactive materials designed to result in the dispersal of radioactive material or in the formation of nuclear-yield reaction. Such devices may be fabricated in a completely improvised manner or may be an improvised modification to a U.S. or foreign nuclear weapon.

in extremis. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A situation of such exceptional urgency that immediate action must be taken to minimize imminent loss of life or catastrophic degradation of the political or military situation.

in ground effect (IGE). Noted by operational ceiling of helicopters; this is the ceiling if the helicopter is flown near to the earth’s surface, i.e., in mountainous terrain.

in support. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An expression used to denote the task of providing artillery supporting fire to a formation or unit. Liaison and observation are not normally provided. See also at priority call; direct support.

in support of. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Assisting or protecting another formation, unit, or organization while remaining under original control.

in the dark. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In air intercept, a code meaning, "Not visible on my scope."

in writing. In writing or written means any worded or numbered expression which can be read, reproduced, and later communicated, and includes electronically transmitted and stored information.

in-flight phase. The flight of a missile or space vehicle from launch to detonation or impact.

in-flight report. The transmission from the airborne system of information obtained both at the target and en route.

in-house. Actions performed entirely within the given activity, company, or organization, using its own resources, facilities, and expertise.

in-place force. [JP 1-02] (DoD)

l A NATO assigned force which, in peacetime, is principally stationed in the designated combat zone of the NATO command to which it is committed.

l Force within a combatant commander's area of responsibility and under the combatant commander's combatant command (command authority).

in-place force. [JP 1-02] (DoD)

l A NATO assigned force which, in peacetime, is principally stationed in the designated combat zone of the NATO command to which it is committed.

l Force within a combatant commander's area of responsibility and under the combatant commander's combatant command (command authority).

In-process inventory control. [DSMC] The process whereby materials and parts are effectively and efficiently planned and controlled to assure their availability at the required stage of production.

in-process/progress review (IPR). A meeting either in-house or between the customer and the provider to review program status. Periodic evaluations/assessments held at specific points in the stages of the project’s progress.

in-process review/interim program review (IPR). [DSMC] Review of a project or program at critical points to evaluate status and make recommendations to the decision authority.

in-process review (IPR) program. IPR programs are Army acquisitions programs other than DoD major or designated acquisition programs.

in-transit aeromedical evacuation facility. A medical facility, on or in the vicinity of an air base, that provides limited medical care for in-transit patients awaiting air transportation. This type of medical facility is provided to obtain effective utilization of transport airlift within operating schedules. It includes remain overnight facilities, in-transit facilities at aerial ports of embarkation and debarkation, and casualty staging facilities in an overseas combat area. See also aeromedical evacuation unit.

in-transit inventory. That materiel in the military distribution system that is in the process of movement from point of receipt from procurement and production (either contractor's plant or first destination, depending upon point of delivery) and between points of storage and distribution.

in-transit stock. See in-transit inventory.

in-transit visibility. ^¹The capability provided to a theater combatant commander to have visibility of units, personnel, and cargo while in transit through the Defense Transportation System. ^²The immediate availability of data pertaining to the location of materiel intransit from the provider to the requester. ^³[JP 1-02] (DoD) The ability to track the identity, status, and location of Department of Defense units, and non-unit cargo (excluding bulk petroleum, oils, and lubricants) and passengers; medical patients; and personal property from origin to consignee or destination across the range of military operations. See also global transportation network.

inactive aircraft inventory. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Aircraft in storage or bailment and/or government-furnished equipment on loan or lease outside of the Defense establishment or otherwise not available to the Military Services.

inactive duty training (IDT). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Authorized training performed by a member of a Reserve component not on active duty or active duty for training and consisting of regularly scheduled unit training assemblies, additional training assemblies, periods of appropriate duty or equivalent training, and any special additional duties authorized for Reserve component personnel by the Secretary concerned, and performed by them in connection with the prescribed activities of the organization in which they are assigned with or without pay. Does not include work or study associated with correspondence courses. See also active duty for training.

Inactive National Guard (ING). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Army National Guard personnel in an inactive status not in the Selected Reserve who are attached to a specific National Guard unit but do not participate in training activities. Upon mobilization, they will mobilize with their units. In order for these personnel to remain members of the Inactive National Guard, they must muster once a year with their assigned unit. Like the Individual Ready Reserve, all members of the Inactive National Guard have legal, contractual obligations. Members of the Inactive National Guard may not train for retirement credit or pay and are not eligible for promotion. See also Individual Ready Reserve; Selected Reserve.

inactive status. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Status of reserve members on an inactive status list of a reserve component or assigned to the Inactive Army National Guard. Those in an inactive status may not train for points or pay, and may not be considered for promotion.

inbound traffic. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Traffic originating in an area outside continental United States destined for or moving in the general direction of continental United States.

incapacitating agent. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An agent that produces temporary physiological or mental effects, or both, which will render individuals incapable of concerted effort in the performance of their assigned duties.

incapacitating illness or injury (III). The casualty status of a person whose illness or injury requires hospitalization but medical authority does not classify as very seriously ill or injured or seriously ill or injured and the illness or injury makes the person physically or mentally unable to communicate with the next of kin. See also casualty status.

incentive. [DSMC] Motivating the contractor in calculable monetary terms to turn out a product that meets significantly advanced performance goals, to improve on the contract schedule up to and including final delivery, to substantially reduce costs of the work, or to complete the project under a weighted combination of some or all of these objectives.

incentive type contract. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A contract that may be of either a fixed price or cost reimbursement nature, with a special provision for adjustment of the fixed price or fee. It provides for a tentative target price and a maximum price or maximum fee, with price or fee adjustment after completion of the contract for the purpose of establishing a final price or fee based on the contractor's actual costs plus a sliding scale of profit or fee that varies inversely with the cost but which in no event shall permit the final price or fee to exceed the maximum price or fee stated in the contract. See also cost contract; fixed price type contract.

incident. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In information operations, an assessed event of attempted entry, unauthorized entry, or an information attack on an automated information system. It includes unauthorized probing and browsing; disruption or denial of service; altered or destroyed input, processing, storage, or output of information; or changes to information system hardware, firmware, or software characteristics with or without the users' knowledge, instruction, or intent. See also information operations.

incident classification. See search and rescue incident classification.

incident control point. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A designated point close to a terrorist incident where crisis management forces will rendezvous and establish control capability before initiating a tactical reaction. See also antiterrorism.

incidents. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Brief clashes or other military disturbances generally of a transitory nature and not involving protracted hostilities.

inclination angle. See pitch angle.

incremental funding. [DSMC] The provision (or recording) of budgetary resources for a program or project based on obligations estimated to be incurred within a fiscal year when such budgetary resources will cover only a portion of the obligations to be incurred in completing the program or project as programmed. This differs from full funding, where budgetary resources are provided or recorded for the total estimated obligations for a program or project in the initial year of funding. (For distinction, see full funding.) Most commonly used for research and development as opposed to production, which must be fully funded.

indefinite call sign. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A call sign which does not represent a specific facility, command, authority, activity, or unit, but which may represent any one or any group of these. See also call sign.

indefinite delivery type contract. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A type of contract used for procurements where the exact time of delivery is not known at time of contracting.

indefinite quantity contract. [DSMC] Provides for furnishing an indefinite quantity, within stated limits, of specific supplies or services, during a specified contract period, with deliveries to be scheduled by the timely placement of orders upon the contractor by activities designated either specifically or by class.

independent. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A merchant ship under naval control sailed singly and unescorted by a warship. See also military independent.

independent cost analysis (ICA). An analysis of program office and/or Component cost estimates conducted by an impartial body disassociated from the management of the program. (see Title 10, United States Code, Section 2434, Independent Cost Estimates; Operational Manpower Requirements)

independent cost estimate (ICE). An ICE is any cost estimate developed in organizational channels separate and independent from program proponency channels and having the express purpose of serving as an analytical tool to validate or cross-check cost estimates developed in proponency channels.

independent ejection system. See ejection systems.

independent evaluation (IE). IE is the process used by independent evaluators to determine if the system satisfies the approved requirements. It will render an assessment of data from all sources and an engineering or operational analysis to evaluate the adequacy and capability of the system.

independent evaluation report (IER). An IER provides a written report on an IE (see above).

independent Government cost estimate (IGCE). [DSMC] An estimate of the cost for goods and/or estimate of services to be procured by contract. Such estimates are prepared by government personnel, i.e., independent of contractors.

independent learning. [TR 350-70] Usually, learning outside the classroom environment. It is similar to learning from homework but should not be confused with individualized instruction.

independent mine. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A mine which is not controlled by the user after laying. See also mine.

independent parametric cost estimate (IPCE). A highly aggregated, output related (physical and/or performance parameter), system lifecycle cost estimate accomplished outside of the functional control of the program proponents.

independent relationship. Occurs when skills and knowledges in one objective are unrelated to those in another objective. Mastering one of the objectives does not simplify the other.

independent research and development (IRD). ^¹IRD is a technological link between DoD and industry. It provides DoD with the mechanism to become aware of the latest independent scientific and technological efforts of the industry in support of DoD needs. ^²[DSMC] Technical effort by industry which is not sponsored by, or required in performance of, a contract and which consists of projects falling within the areas of basic and applied research, development, and systems and other concept formulation studies. Also, discretionary funds which industry can allocate to projects.

independent review. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In computer modeling and simulation, a review performed by competent, objective reviewers who are independent of the model developer. Independent review includes either:

l A detailed verification and/or validation of the model or simulation.

l An examination of the verification and/or validation performed by the model or simulation developer.

independent study. [TR 350-70] Typically, a special project or assignment of selected readings for students seeking more information on a course topic.

independent verification and validation (IV&V). [DSMC] An independent review of the software product for functional effectiveness and technical sufficiency.

index terms. [TP 25-71] A Government Information Locator Service data element that is a grouping of descriptive terms drawn from a controlled vocabulary source to aid users in locating entries of potential interest.

indicated airspeed. See airspeed.

indicated airspeed hold mode. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In a flight control system, a control mode in which desired indicated airspeed of an aircraft is maintained automatically.

indicating. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In air intercept, a code meaning, "Contact speed, by plot, is ."

indications (intelligence). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Information in various degrees of evaluation, all of which bears on the intention of a potential enemy to adopt or reject a course of action.

indications and warning. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Those intelligence activities intended to detect and report time-sensitive intelligence information on foreign developments that could involve a threat to the United States or allied military, political, or economic interests or to U.S. citizens abroad. It includes:

l Forewarning of enemy actions or intentions.

l The imminence of hostilities, insurgency, or nuclear/non-nuclear attack on the United States, its overseas forces, or allied nations.

l Hostile reactions to United States reconnaissance activities.

l Terrorist attacks.

l Other similar events.

indicator. ^¹[JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In intelligence usage, an item of information that reflects the intention or capability of a potential enemy to adopt or reject a course of action. ^²Activities that can contribute to the determination of a friendly course of action.

indicator behavior. Refers to that behavior that indicates the presence of a specific attitude.

indirect air support. [JP 1-02] (DoD) All forms of air support provided to land or naval forces which do not immediately assist those forces in the tactical battle.

indirect cost pool. [DSMC] A grouping of incurred costs identified with two or more cost objectives, but not specifically identified with any final cost objective.

indirect costs. [DSMC] Costs which, because of their incurrence for common or joint objectives, are not readily subject to treatment as direct costs.

indirect fire. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Fire delivered on a target that is not itself used as a point of aim for the weapons or the director.

indirect illumination. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Battlefield illumination provided by employing searchlight or pyrotechnic illuminants using diffusion or reflection:

l illumination by diffusion. Illumination of an area beneath and to the flanks of a slightly elevated searchlight or of pyrotechnic illuminants, by the light scattered from atmospheric particles.

l illumination by reflection. Illumination of an area by reflecting light from low cloud. Either or both of these effects are present when a searchlight is used in defilade or with its beam spread to maximum width.

indirect laying. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Aiming a gun either by sighting at a fixed object, called the aiming point, instead of the target or by using a means of pointing other than a sight, such as a gun director, when the target cannot be seen from the gun position.

individual and collective training plan (ICTP). Obsolete, see system training plan (STRAP).

individual equipment. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Referring to method of use, signifies personal clothing and equipment, for the personal use of the individual. See also equipment.

individual mobilization augmentee. An individual Reservist attending drills who receives training and is preassigned to an Active Component organization, a Selective Service System, or a Federal Emergency Management Agency billet that must be filled on, or shortly after, mobilization. Individual mobilization augmentees train on a part time basis with these organizations to prepare for mobilization. Inactive duty training for individual mobilization augmentees is decided by component policy and can vary from 0 to 48 drills a year.

individual mobilization augmentee detachment. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An administrative unit organized to train and manage individual mobilization augmentees.

individual protective equipment. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In nuclear, biological and chemical warfare, the personal clothing and equipment required to protect an individual from biological and chemical hazards and some nuclear effects.

Individual Ready Reserve (IRR). [JP 1-02] (DoD) A manpower pool consisting of individuals who have had some training and who have served previously in the Active Component or in the Selected Reserve and have some period of their military service obligation remaining. Members may voluntarily participate in training for retirement points and promotion with or without pay. See also Selected Reserve.

individual ready reservist. A member of the Ready Reserve not assigned to the Selected Reserve and not on active duty.

individual reserves. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The supplies carried on a soldier, animal, or vehicle for individual use in an emergency. See also reserve supplies.

individual soldier's report (ISR). The ISR is a report provided to the soldier following a self-development test. This report indicates the number of questions, how many the soldier answered correctly, his/her score, and a percentile ranking. The final ISR provides an SDT score and a percentile ranking.

individual sponsored dependent. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A dependent not entitled to travel to the overseas command at Government expense or who enters the command without endorsement of the appropriate overseas commander.

individual task analysis. [TR 350-70] The process used to identify the individual task performance specifications. They describe how the task is actually performed, under what conditions it is performed, and how well the individual must perform it. This analysis is needed to establish the individual training strategy and to design and develop follow-on training. See task performance specifications.

individual task training package (ITTP). Data that provides personnel with critical task performance requirements associated with a specific job. See training support package (TSP).

individual training. [TR 350-70]

l Training which prepares the soldier to perform specified duties or tasks related to an assigned duty position or subsequent duty positions and skill level.

l "Training which officers and NCOs (leader training) or soldiers (soldier training) receive in schools, units, or by self study. This training prepares the individual to perform specified duties or tasks related to the assigned or next higher specialty code or skill level and duty position." (AR 350-41)

individual training plan (ITP).^¹[TR 350-70] A document prepared for each military occupational specialty, warrant officer military occupational specialty, commissioned officer specialty code, or separate functional training program that describes the overall plan to satisfy training requirements and document the long range training strategy. ^²[DoD] A narrative description, a milestone schedule, a resource estimate, a resource summary supplement, a list of ammunition requirements, and an analysis plan, when available.

individual training standards (ITSs). The standards used to specify individual training proficiency requirements (tasks) that support unit mission performance. They include a task (behavior), conditions, proficiency standards (often steps), and references. ITSs are generally derived from mission performance standards (MPSs).

individual training strategies. See training strategy.

individual trial. [TR 350-70] In lesson-effectiveness testing, the initial tryout of lesson material on soldiers representative of the target population. See individual tryouts.

individual tryouts. In training material validation (effectiveness testing), the initial tryout of the training materials on students from the target population. Also called individual trial and tryout, individual.

individual-paced instruction. See self-paced instruction.

individualized instruction. [TR 350-70] Instruction that attends to the individual needs of and differences among students. Properly developed individualized instruction is characterized by attending to individual student’s training objectives, allowing for individual start times, adjusting for individual entry skill levels, releasing of some time constraints, offering a choice of learning media, and using criterion-referenced measures of mastery. Mandatory completion criteria, including time, must be established.

induced environment. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Any manmade or equipment-made environment which directly or indirectly affects the performance of soldier or materiel.

induced precession. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A precession resulting from a torque deliberately applied to a gyro.

induced radiation. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Radiation produced as a result of exposure to radioactive materials, particularly the capture of neutrons. See also contamination; initial radiation; residual radiation; residual radioactivity.

induction circuit. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In naval mine warfare, a circuit actuated by the rate of change in a magnetic field due to the movement of the ship or the changing current in the sweep.

inductive design. A design where examples are presented followed by the rule. The emphasis is on discovery of concepts.

inductive reasoning. The student is provided training and given examples to determine what all have in common. A mental process in which students are asked to examine pieces of evidence to form a related pattern and then draw a conclusion from the evidence.

industrial base. That part of the total privately owned and [U.S.] Government owned industrial production and depot-level equipment and maintenance capacity in the United States and its territories and possessions, as well as capacity located in Canada, that is or shall be made available in an emergency for the manufacture of items required by the U.S. Military Services and selected allies.

industrial base factors analysis. [DSMC] An industrial base factors analysis is prepared to assess the near-term and long-range effect of a proposed international agreement on the U.S. defense industrial base. The analysis is to address both the immediate effort and the projected development, production, and/or support of any proposed follow-on effort. Effects on prime and sub-tier industries are to be considered. This information:

l Is required for all proposed international agreements for research, development, and/or production of defense items;

l Is to be provided by the cognizant DoD component along with other required documentation when a proposed agreement is submitted for OSD approval of authority to negotiate or conclude in accordance with DoD Directive 5530.3;

l Will be used by OSD, with the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Technology) having the lead, during its review of the memorandum of understanding and preparation of a final industrial base impact assessment.

industrial capability. [DSMC] That part of the total privately owned and government owned industrial production and depot level equipment and maintenance capacity in the United States and its territories and possessions, as well as capacity located in Canada, that is, or shall be made available in an emergency, for the manufacture of items required by the U.S. military services and selected allies.

industrial engineering/detailed estimate. [DSMC] The art and science of utilizing and coordinating personnel, equipment, and materials to attain a desired quantity of output at a specified time and at an optimum cost. This may include gathering, analyzing, and acting upon facts pertaining to building and facilities, layouts, personnel organization, operating procedures, methods, processes, schedules, time standards, wage rates, wage-payment plans, costs, and systems for controlling the quality and quantity of goods and services.

industrial facilities. [DSMC] Industrial property (other than material, special tooling, military property, and special test equipment) for production, maintenance, research and development, or test, including real property and rights therein, buildings, structures, improvements, and plant equipment.

industrial fund (IF). [DSMC] A revolving fund established at DoD industrial type activities where products or services are provided to external users. The purpose of the fund is to provide a more effective means of controlling costs; establish a flexible means for financing, budgeting and accounting; encourage the creation of buyer-seller relationships; place budgeting, and accounting on a more commercial basis; and encourage cross-servicing between military departments. Charges to the fund are made for procurement of materials, services, and labor, and the fund is reimbursed by proceeds from the sale of products and services.

industrial mobilization. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The transformation of industry from its peacetime activity to the industrial program necessary to support the national military objectives. It includes the mobilization of materials, labor, capital, production facilities, and contributory items and services essential to the industrial program. See also mobilization.

industrial plant equipment (IPE). [DSMC] That part of planned equipment exceeding defined acquisition cost thresholds, used for the purpose of cutting, abrading, grinding, shaping, forming, joining, testing, measuring, heating, treating, or otherwise altering the physical, electrical, or chemical properties of materials, components, or end items, entailed in manufacturing, maintenance, supply, processing, assembly, or research and development operations.

industrial preparedness. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The state of preparedness in industry to produce essential materiel to support the national military objectives.

industrial preparedness planning (IPP). IPP is actions to ensure industrial resources are available and capable of satisfying surge and mobilization requirements.

industrial preparedness. The state of preparedness of industry to produce essential materiel to support the national military objectives.

Industrial Preparedness Program. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Plans, actions, or measures for the transformation of the industrial base, both government-owned and civilian-owned, from its peacetime activity to the emergency program necessary to support the national military objectives. It includes industrial preparedness measures such as modernization, expansion, and preservation of the production facilities and contributory items and services for planning with industry.

industrial property. [JP 1-02] (DoD) As distinguished from military property, means any contractor acquired or government-furnished property, including materials, special tooling, and industrial facilities, furnished or acquired in the performance of a contract or subcontract.

industrial quality. That level of quality that is higher than typical consumer or home applications and is meant for the rigorous professional environment.

industrial readiness. See industrial preparedness.

industrial resource analysis. [DSMC] A discrete analysis of industrial base capabilities conducted to determine availability of production resources required to support a major system production program.

industry. [DSMC] The defense industry (private sector contractors) includes large and small organizations providing goods and services to DoD. Their perspective is to represent interests of the owners or stockholders.

inert filling. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A prepared non-explosive filling of the same weight as the explosive filling.

inert mine. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A mine or replica of a mine incapable of producing an explosion.

inertial guidance. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A guidance system designed to project a missile over a predetermined path, wherein the path of the missile is adjusted after launching by devices wholly within the missile and independent of outside information. The system measures and converts accelerations experienced to distance traveled in a certain direction. See also guidance.

inertial navigation system. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A self-contained navigation system using inertial detectors, which automatically provides vehicle position, heading, and velocity.

infiltration. [JP 1-02] (DoD)

l The movement through or into an area or territory occupied by either friendly or enemy troops or organizations. The movement is made, either by small groups or by individuals, at extended or irregular intervals. When used in connection with the enemy, it infers that contact is avoided.

l In intelligence usage, placing an agent or other person in a target area in hostile territory. Usually involves crossing a frontier or other guarded line. Methods of infiltration are:

l black (clandestine);

l grey (through legal crossing point but under false documentation);

l white (legal).

infinite loop. [DoD] A sequence of instructions that endlessly repeats.

inflammable cargo. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Cargo such as drummed gasoline and oils. See also cargo.

inflight phase. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The flight of a missile or space vehicle from launch to detonation or impact.

inflight report. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The transmission from the airborne system of information obtained both at the target and en route.

influence field. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The distribution in space of the influence of a ship or minesweeping equipment.

influence mine. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A mine actuated by the effect of a target on some physical condition in the vicinity of the mine or on radiations emanating from the mine; includes acoustic, magnetic, pressure, seismic, and underwater potential. See also mine.

influence release sinker. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A sinker which holds a moored or rising mine at the seabed and releases it when actuated by a suitable ship influence.

influence sweep. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A sweep designed to produce an influence similar to that produced by a ship and thus actuate mines.

informal IPR. This is an informal review which may be convened by the materiel developer, at his/her discretion or when requested by a member, to review project status and determine an appropriate course of action when a formal decision is not required.

informal lecture. An often conversational teaching method with considerable verbal interaction between instructor and student in the form of both questions and discussion. See formal lecture.

informal training. Training accomplished by actions for which structuring is not specifically planned beforehand.

informant. [JP 1-02] (DoD)

l A person who, wittingly or unwittingly, provides information to an agent, a clandestine service, or the police.

l In reporting, a person who has provided specific information and is cited as a source.

information. ¹[JP 1-02] (DoD)

l Facts, data, or instructions in any medium or form.

l The meaning that a human assigns to data by means of the known conventions used in their representation.

²[TP 25-71] Facts or knowledge communicated or received.

Information Age. [TP 525-5] The future time period when social, cultural, and economic patterns will reflect the decentralized, nonhierarchical flow of information; contrast this to the more centralized, hierarchical social, cultural, and economic patterns that reflect the Industrial Age's mechanization of production systems.

information assurance (IA). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Information operations that protect and defend information and information systems by ensuring their availability, integrity, authentication, confidentiality, and nonrepudiation. This includes providing for restoration of information systems by incorporating protection, detection, and reaction capabilities. See also information; information system; information operations.

information box. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A space on an annotated overlay, mosaic, map, etc., which is used for identification, reference, and scale information. See also reference box.

information carousels. [TP 525-5] Visualization of future system where commanders/ units can continually access/update a common data base of relevant information (for example, logistics, intelligence, movement).

information dominance. [TP 525-75] The degree of information superiority that allows the possessor to use information systems and capabilities to achieve an operational advantage in a conflict or to control the situation in operations short of war, while denying those capabilities to the adversary.

information environment. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The aggregate of individuals, organizations, or systems that collect, process, or disseminate information; also included is the information itself. See also information system.

information gathering and analysis. [DSMC] The specific actions taken to gain information about a system element or critical acquisition process for which the level of knowledge is insufficient to permit an informed decision to be made with respect to other risk handling options.

information operations (IO). ¹[JP 1-02] (DoD) Actions taken to affect adversary information and information systems while defending one's own information and information systems. See also defensive information operations; information; information system; offensive information operations; operation. ²[TP 525-5] Continuous combined arms operations that enable, enhance, and protect the commander's decision cycle and execution while influencing an opponent's; operations are accomplished through effective intelligence, command and control, and command and control warfare operations, supported by all available friendly information systems; battle command information operations are conducted across the full range of military operations. ³[TP 525-75] Continuous military operations within the Military Information Environment that enable, enhance, and protect the commander's decision cycle and mission execution to achieve an information advantage across the full range of military operations. Information operations include interacting with Global Information Environment and exploiting or degrading an adversary's information and decision systems.

information processing. The processing of data representing information and the determination of the meaning of the processed data. See intelligence cycle.

information report. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Report used to forward raw information collected to fulfill intelligence requirements.

information requirements. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Those items of information regarding the enemy and his environment which need to be collected and processed in order to meet the intelligence requirements of a commander. See also priority intelligence requirements.

information resources management. The planning, budgeting, organizing, directing, training, promoting, controlling and management activities associated with the burden, collection, creation, use and dissemination of information, including the management of information and related resources, such as personnel, funds, and information technology.

information security (INFOSEC). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Information security is the protection of information and information systems against unauthorized access or modification of information, whether in storage, processing, or transit, and against denial of service to authorized users. Information security includes those measures necessary to detect, document, and counter such threats. Information security is composed of computer security and communications security. See also communications security; computer security; information system.

information sheet. [TR 350-70] An information sheet gives a student information not otherwise available or presents the information in a much clearer and/or more condensed form.

information superiority. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The capability to collect, process, and disseminate an uninterruped flow of information while exploiting or denying an adversary's ability to do the same. See also information; information operations.

information system. ¹[JP 1-02] (DoD) The entire infrastructure, organization, personnel, and components that collect, process, store, transmit, display, disseminate, and act on information. See also information; information warfare. ²[DSMC] A combination of personnel, efforts, forms, instructions, procedures, data, communication facilities, and equipment that provides an organized and interconnected means for displaying information in support of specific functions.

Information technology (IT). ¹[DoD] DoD IT/NSS policy defines IT as any equipment, or interconnected system(s) or subsystem(s) of equipment, that is used in the automatic acquisition, storage, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or reception of data or information in support of installation/garrisons, or tactical operations. It includes computers, ancillary equipment such as visual information equipment, software, firmware and similar procedures, services (including support services), and related resources. ²[TP 71]

l The term information technology, with respect to an executive agency, means any equipment or interconnected system or subsystem of equipment that is used in the automatic acquisition, storage, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or reception of data or information by the executive agency. For purposes of the preceding sentence, equipment is used by an executive agency if the equipment is used by the executive agency directly or is used by a contractor under a contract with the executive agency which

l Requires the use of such equipment, or

l requires the use, to a significant extent, of such equipment in the performance of a service or the furnishing of a product.

l The term information technology includes computers, ancillary equipment, software, firmware, and similar procedures, services (including support services), and related resources.

l Notwithstanding above, the term information technology does not include any equipment that is acquired by a Federal contractor incidental to a Federal contract.

information warfare (IW). ¹[JP 1-02] (DoD) Information operations conducted during time of crisis or conflict to achieve or promote specific objectives over a specific adversary or adversaries. See also information; information operations; operation. ²[TP 525-5] Actions taken to preserve the integrity of one's own information system from exploitation, to corrupt or destroy an adversary's information system, and, in the process, to achieve an information advantage in the application of force. ³[DSMC] Actions taken to achieve information superiority by affecting adversary information, information-based processes, information systems, and computer-based networks while defending one's own information, information-based processes, information systems, and computer-based networks.

information-based processes. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Processes that collect, analyze, and disseminate information using any medium or form. These processes may be stand-alone processes or sub-processes which, taken together, comprise a larger system or systems of processes. See also information system.

informer. Person who intentionally discloses to police or to a security service information about persons or activities considered suspect, usually for a financial reward.

Infosphere. ¹[CJCSI 6212.01A] The global C⁴I infrastructure that will provide a communications backbone, information fusion and processing services, and gateway access to support warfighter operations. ²[TP 525-75] The Infosphere refers to the rapidly growing global network of military and commercial command, control, communications computer systems, including the networks linking information data bases and fusion centers that are accessible to the warrior anywhere, anytime, while performing any mission. The Infosphere provides for the worldwide automated information exchange backbone support to joint forces and provides seamless operations from anywhere to anywhere that are secure and transparent to the warrior. This emerging capability is highly flexible to support the adaptive command and control infrastructures of the twenty-first century (Upon approval of FM 100-6, this term and its definition will be included in Joint Pub 1-02).

infrared film. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Film carrying an emulsion especially sensitive to near-infrared. Used to photograph through haze, because of the penetrating power of infrared light; and in camouflage detection to distinguish between living vegetation and dead vegetation or artificial green pigment.

infrared imagery. [JP 1-02] (DoD) That imagery produced as a result of sensing electromagnetic radiations emitted or reflected from a given target surface in the infrared position of the electromagnetic spectrum (approximately 0.72 to 1,000 microns).

infrared linescan system. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A passive airborne infrared recording system which scans across the ground beneath the flight path, adding successive lines to the record as the vehicle advances along the flight path.

infrared photography. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Photography employing an optical system and direct image recording on film sensitive to near-infrared wavelength (infrared film). Note: Not to be confused with infrared imagery.

infrared pointer. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A low power laser device operating in the near infrared light spectrum that is visible with light amplifying night vision devices. Also called IR pointer.

infrared radiation. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Radiation emitted or reflected in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

infrastructure. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A term generally applicable to all fixed and permanent installations, fabrications, or facilities for the support and control of military forces. See also bilateral infrastructure; common infrastructure; national infrastructure.

inherent availability. [DSMC] Availability of a system with respect only to operating time and corrective maintenance. It ignores standby and delay times associated with preventive maintenance as well as administrative and logistics down time.

inherent reliability and maintenance (R&M) value. [DSMC] Any measure of reliability or maintainability that includes only the effects of item design and installation, and assumes an ideal operating and support environment.

initial active duty for training. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Basic military training and technical skill training required for all accessions. For non-prior service enlistees, between the ages of 18 1/2 and 26, initial active duty for training shall be not less than 12 weeks and start insofar as practical within 270 days after enlistment. Initial active duty for training for all other enlistees and inductees shall be prescribed by the Secretary concerned and start insofar as practical within 360 days of entry into the service, except in time of war or national emergency declared by Congress or the President when basic training shall be not less than 12 weeks or its equivalent. Reservists may not be assigned to active duty on land outside the United States or its territories and possessions until basic training has been completed.

initial approach. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO)

l That part of an instrument approach procedure in which the aircraft has departed an initial approach fix or point and is maneuvering to enter the intermediate or final approach. It ends at the intermediate fix or point or, where no intermediate segment is established, at the final approach fix or point.

l That part of a visual approach of an aircraft immediately prior to arrival over the airfield of destination, or over the reporting point from which the final approach to the airfield is commenced.

initial approach area. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An area of defined width lying between the last preceding navigational fix or dead reckoning position and either the facility to be used for making an instrument approach or a point associated with such a facility that is used for demarcating the termination of initial approach.

initial assessment (IA). [JP 1-02] (DoD) An assessment that provides a basic determination of the viability of the infiltration and exfiltration portion of a proposed special operations forces mission.

initial contact report. See contact report.

initial design. The first basic concept, usually expressed as a flowchart and treatment, that deals with a block of information and the manner in which the blocks will interact, rather than with portions of a lesson or procedure.

initial draft plan. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A plan which has been drafted and coordinated by the originating headquarters, and is ready for external coordination with other military headquarters. It cannot be directly implemented by the issuing commander, but it may form the basis for an operation order issued by the commander in the event of an emergency. See also draft plan; coordinated draft plan; final plan; operation plan.

initial early resupply. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The onward movement of ships which are already loaded with cargoes which will serve the requirements after D-day. This includes such shipping evacuation from major ports/major water terminals and subsequently dispersed to secondary ports/alternate water terminals and anchorages. See also element of resupply.

initial entry into military service. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Entry for the first time into military status (active duty or reserve) by induction, enlistment, or appointment in any service of the Armed Forces of the United States. Appointment may be as a commissioned or warrant officer; as a cadet or midshipman at the service academy of one of the armed forces; or as a midshipman, U.S. Naval Reserve, for U.S. Naval Reserve Officers' Training Corps training at a civilian institution.

initial issues. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The issue of materiel not previously furnished to an individual or organization, including new inductees and newly activated organizations, and the issue of newly authorized items of materiel.

initial operational capability (IOC). ^¹[JP 1-02] (DoD) The first attainment of the capability to employ effectively a weapon, item of equipment, or system of approved specific characteristics, and which is manned or operated by an adequately trained, equipped, and supported military unit or force. ^²[TP 71] The IOC is the first attainment of the capability by an MTOE unit and supporting elements to operate and maintain effectively a production item or system provided the following:

l The item or system has been type classified as standard or approved for limited production.

l The unit and support personnel have been trained to operate and maintain the item or system in an operational environment.

l The unit can be supported in an operational environment in such areas as special tools, test equipment, repair parts, documentation, and training devices.

initial operational test and evaluation (IOTE). [TR 350-70] Field testing, using typical user personnel, to assess the operational effectiveness and suitably of military materiel. This evaluation is completed prior to a decision to commit funds for full production. The tester conducts the IOTE under realistic operational conditions during the Engineering and Manufacturing Development Phase. IOTE used to be known as the operational test. The abbreviation IOT&E is still found, but is obsolete.

initial path sweeping. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In naval mine warfare, initial sweeping to clear a path through a mined area dangerous to the following mine sweepers. See also precursor sweeping.

initial photo interpretation report. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A first-phase interpretation report, subsequent to the Joint tactical air reconnaissance/surveillance mission report, presenting the results of the initial readout of new imagery to answer the specific requirements for which the mission was requested.

initial point (IP). [JP 1-02] (DoD)

l The first point at which a moving target is located on a plotting board.

l A well-defined point, easily distinguishable visually and/or electronically, used as a starting point for the bomb run to the target.

l Airborne-A point close to the landing area where serials (troop carrier air formations) make final alterations in course to pass over individual drop or landing zones.

l Helicopter-An air control point in the vicinity of the landing zone from which individual flights of helicopters are directed to their prescribed landing sites.

l Any designated place at which a column or element thereof is formed by the successive arrival of its various subdivisions, and comes under the control of the commander ordering the move.