Military Definitions

S-bend distortion. See S-curve distortion.

S-curve distortion. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The distortion in the image produced by a scanning sensor which results from the forward displacement of the sensor during the time of lateral scan.

S-Day. See times.

S-rating. sustainability rating

sabot. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Lightweight carrier in which a subcaliber projectile is centered to permit firing the projectile in the larger caliber weapon. The carrier fills the bore of the weapon from which the projectile is fired; it is normally discarded a short distance from the muzzle.

sabotage. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An act or acts with intent to injure, interfere with, or obstruct the national defense of a country by willfully injuring or destroying, or attempting to injure or destroy, any national defense or war material, premises or utilities, to include human and natural resources.

sabotage alert team. See security alert team.

saboteur. [JP 1-02] (DoD) One who commits sabotage. See also antiterrorism; countersabotage; sabotage.

safe anchorage. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An anchorage considered safe from enemy attack to which merchant ships may be ordered to proceed when the shipping movement policy is implemented. See also refuge area.

safe area. ¹[JP 1-02] (DoD) A designated area in hostile territory that offers the evader or escapee a reasonable chance of avoiding capture and of surviving until he can be evacuated. ²That area in the center of a screen that is sure to be displayed on all receivers and monitors. The outer edge of a screen (about 10 percent of the total picture) is not represented in the same way on all televisions and monitors.

SAFE area intelligence description (SAID). [JP 1-02] (DoD) In evasion and recovery operations, an in-depth, all-source evasion study designed to assist the recovery of military personnel from a selected area for evasion under hostile conditions. See also evasion; evasion and recovery; hostile; recovery operations; selected area for evasion (SAFE).

safe burst height. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The height of burst at or above which the level of fallout, or damage to ground installations is at a predetermined level acceptable to the military commander. See also types of burst.

safe current. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In naval mine warfare, the maximum current that can be supplied to a sweep in a given waveform and pulse cycle which does not produce a danger area with respect to the mines being swept for.

safe depth. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In naval mine warfare, the shallowest depth of water in which a ship will not actuate a bottom mine of the type under consideration. Safe depth is usually quoted for conditions of ship upright, calm sea and a given speed.

safe distance. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In naval mine warfare, the horizontal range from the edge of the explosion damage area to the center of the sweeper.

safe haven. [JP 1-02] (DoD)

l Designated area(s) to which noncombatants of the United States Government's responsibility, and commercial vehicles and materiel, may be evacuated during a domestic or other valid emergency.

l Temporary storage provided Department of Energy classified shipment transporters at Department of Defense facilities in order to assure safety and security of nuclear material and/or nonnuclear classified material. Also includes parking for commercial vehicles containing Class A or Class B explosives.

l A protected body of water or the well deck of an amphibious ship used by small craft operating offshore for refuge from storms or heavy seas.

safe house. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An innocent-appearing house or premises established by an organization for the purpose of conducting clandestine or covert activity in relative security.

safe separation distance. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The minimum distance between the delivery system and the weapon beyond which the hazards associated with functioning (detonation) are acceptable.

safe speed. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In naval mine warfare, the speed at which a particular ship can proceed without actuating a given influence mine, at the depth under consideration, within the damage area.

safe working load. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In sea operations, the maximum load that can be safely applied to a fitting, and normally shown on a label plate adjacent to the fitting. See also static test load.

Safeguard. [JP 1-02] (DoD) ABM defense system for Washington DC and Grand Forks AFB. In agreement with SALT I it was deactivated one day after it became operational, on 1 October 1975.

safety and arming mechanism. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A dual function device which prevents the unintended activation of a main charge or propulsion unit prior to arming but allows activation thereafter upon receipt of the appropriate stimuli.

safety and health hazard and analysis. This is the documented quantitative determination of system safety and health hazards. It includes the evaluation of hazard severity, hazard probability, operational constraints, and the identification of required precautions, protective devices, and training requirements/restrictions.

safety angle. See angle of safety.

safety assessment report (SAR). A formal summary of the safety data collected during the design and development of the system. In it, the materiel developer summarizes the hazard potential of the item, provides a risk assessment, and recommends corrective procedures to reduce these hazards to an acceptable level.

safety device. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A device which prevents unintentional functioning.

safety distance. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In road transport, the distance between vehicles traveling in column specified by the command in light of safety requirements.

safety fuse. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A pyrotechnic contained in a flexible and weatherproof sheath burning at a timed and constant rate, used to transmit a flame to the detonator.

safety height. See altitude; minimum safe altitude.

safety lane. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Specified sea lane designated for use in transit by submarine and surface ships to prevent attack by friendly forces.

safety level of supply. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The quantity of materiel, in addition to the operating level of supply, required to be on hand to permit continuous operations in the event of minor interruption of normal replenishment or unpredictable fluctuations in demand. See also level of supply.

safety line. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In land mine warfare, demarcation line for trip wire or wire-actuated mines in a minefield. It serves to protect the laying personnel. After the minefield is laid this line is neither marked on the ground nor plotted on the minefield record.

safety pin. See arming wire.

safety release. A safety release documents the safety precautions to be taken by the operational tester to avoid system damage and personal injury. It is based on developmental testing and/or a safety assessment report.

safety wire. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A cable, wire, or lanyard attached to the aircraft and routed to an expendable aircraft store to prevent arming initiation prior to store release. See also arming wire.

safety zone. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An area (land, sea, or air) reserved for noncombat operations of friendly aircraft, surface ships, submarines or ground forces.

safety-in-training. [TR 350-70] Deals with what we train, i.e., it is a requirement to incorporate training safety into Army training. To do this, the training developer integrates safety requirements and risk management into training and training products, i.e., they identify and incorporate hazards (risk exposure) and prevention (risk control techniques) into individual training products (soldier training publications, lesson plans, etc.).

safing. [JP 1-02] (DoD) As applied to weapons and ammunition, the changing from a state of readiness for initiation to a safe condition.

safing and arming mechanism. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A mechanism whose primary purpose is to prevent an unintended functioning of the main charge of the ammunition prior to completion of the arming delay and, in turn, allow the explosive train of the ammunition to function after arming.

sailaway costs. [DSMC] See flyaway costs.

Saint. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A satellite inspector system designed to demonstrate the feasibility of intercepting, inspecting, and reporting on the characteristics of satellites in orbit.

salted weapon. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A nuclear weapon which has, in addition to its normal components, certain elements or isotopes which capture neutrons at the time of the explosion and produce radioactive products over and above the usual radioactive weapon debris. See also minimum residual radioactivity weapon.

salvage. [JP 1-02] (DoD)

l Property that has some value in excess of its basic material content but which is in such condition that it has no reasonable prospect of use for any purpose as a unit and its repair or rehabilitation for use as a unit is clearly impractical.

l The saving or rescuing of condemned, discarded, or abandoned property, and of materials contained therein for reuse, refabrication, or scrapping.

salvage group. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In an amphibious operation, a naval task organization designated and equipped to rescue personnel and to salvage equipment and material.

salvage operation. [JP 1-02] (DoD)

l The recovery, evacuation, and reclamation of damaged, discarded, condemned, or abandoned allied or enemy materiel, ships, craft, and floating equipment for reuse, repair, refabrication, or scrapping.

l Naval salvage operations include harbor and channel clearance, diving, hazardous towing and rescue tug services and the recovery of materiel, ships, craft, and floating equipment sunk offshore or elsewhere stranded.

salvo. [JP 1-02] (DoD)

l In naval gunfire support, a method of fire in which a number of weapons are fired at the same target simultaneously.

l In close air support/air interdiction operations, a method of delivery in which the release mechanisms are operated to release or fire all ordnance of a specific type simultaneously.

Sam-D. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An Army air defense artillery, surface-to-air missile system developed to replace Nike Hercules and the improved Hawk systems.

sample. ^¹[TR 350-70] A limited number of observations of a population used to make assumptions about the entire population. For example, all soldiers at Fort Monroe is a sample, though not random, of all soldiers in the Army. A sample is a subset of a group or population. ^²A portion or small segment of the students for whom instruction is designed.

sample data collection (SDC). A method for obtaining information on the performance and maintainability of an item of equipment. Data are obtained directly from observations made in the field. An effort is made to see that the sample from which the feedback is obtained is representative of the total population.

sampling plan. Procedure for selecting a small but representative group from a larger population.

sanction enforcement/maritime intercept operations. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Operations which employ coercive measures to interdict the movement of certain types of designated items into or out of a nation or specified area.

sanctuary. ¹[JP 1-02] (DoD) A nation or area near or contiguous to the combat area which by tacit agreement between the warring powers is exempt from attack and therefore serves as a refuge for staging, logistic, or other activities of the combatant powers. ²[TP 525-75] An area whose location provides relative high protection from direct actions by an adversary's tactical forces.

sanitize. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Revise a report or other document in such a fashion as to prevent identification of sources, or of the actual persons and places with which it is concerned, or of the means by which it was acquired. Usually involves deletion or substitution of names and other key details.

satellite and missile surveillance. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The systematic observation of aerospace for the purpose of detecting, tracking, and characterizing objects, events, and phenomena associated with satellites and in-flight missiles, friendly and enemy. See also surveillance.

saturated colors. Strong, bright colors (particularly reds and oranges) which do not reproduce well on video, but tend to saturate the screen with color or bleed around the edges, producing a grayish, unclear image.

saturation. The degree of purity in a given color, measured by its freedom from mixture with white.

saunter. [JP 1-02] (DoD)In air intercept, a term meaning, "Fly at best endurance."

scalability. The ability to use the same application software on many different classes of hardware.

scale. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO)

l The ratio or fraction between the distance on a map, chart or photograph and the corresponding distance on the surface of the Earth.

^{^l}In media selection, some materials must represent actual objects and accurately represent the dimensions of those objects. A model may, for example, be full scale, half scale, or on a 1 to 10 scale with the actual object.

scale (photographic). See photographic scale.

scaling law. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A mathematical relationship which permits the effects of a nuclear explosion of given energy yield to be determined as a function of distance from the explosion (or from ground zero) provided the corresponding effect is known as a function of distance for a reference explosion, e.g., of 1-kiloton energy yield.

scan. [JP 1-02] (DoD)

l In air intercept, a term meaning: "Search sector indicated and report any contacts."

l The path periodically followed by a radiation beam.

l In electronics intelligence, the motion of an electronic beam through space looking for a target. Scanning is produced by the motion of the antenna or by lobe switching. See also electronics intelligence.

scan line. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The line produced on a recording medium frame by a single sweep of a scanner.

scan period. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The period taken by a radar, sonar, etc., to complete a scan pattern and return to a starting point.

scan rate. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The rate at which individual scans are recorded.

scan type. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The path made in space by a point on the radar beam; for example, circular, helical, conical, spiral, or sector.

scatterable mine. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In land mine warfare, a mine laid without regard to classical pattern and which is designed to be delivered by aircraft, artillery, missile, ground dispenser, or by hand. Once laid, it normally has a limited life. See also mine.

scene of action commander. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In antisubmarine warfare, the commander at the scene of contact. He is usually in a ship, or may be in a fixed wing aircraft, helicopter, or submarine.

scenario. A logical and realistic presentation of mission objectives and specific mission tasks required by the formal training syllabus in corresponding mission lesson plans.

scenario-oriented recurring evaluation systems. This is an evaluation technique and framework used to identify performance shortfalls and to address organization, doctrine, tactics, training, and materiel.

schedule. [DSMC] Series of things to be done in sequence of events within given period; a timetable.

schedule of fire. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Groups of fires or series of fires fired in a definite sequence according to a definite program. The time of starting the schedule may be ON CALL. For identification purposes schedules may be referred to by a code name or other designation.

schedule of targets. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In artillery and naval gunfire support, individual targets, groups or series of targets to be fired on, in a definite sequence according to a definite program.

scheduled arrival date. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The projected arrival date of a specified movement requirement at a specified location.

scheduled fire. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A type of prearranged fire executed at a predetermined time.

scheduled maintenance. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Periodic prescribed inspection and/or servicing of equipment accomplished on a calendar, mileage, or hours of operation basis. See also organizational maintenance.

schedule risk. [DSMC] The risk that a program will not meet its acquisition strategy schedule objectives or major milestones established by the acquisition authority.

scheduled service (air transport). [JP 1-02] (DoD) A routine air transport service operated in accordance with a timetable.

scheduled speed. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The planned sustained speed of a convoy through the water which determines the speed classification of that convoy. See also convoy speed; critical speed; declared speed.

scheduled target. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In artillery and naval gunfire support, a planned target on which fire is to be delivered at a specific time.

scheduled target (nuclear). [JP 1-02] (DoD) A planned target on which a nuclear weapon is to be delivered at a specific time during the operation of the supported force. The time is specified in terms of minutes before or after a designated time or in terms of the accomplishment of a predetermined movement or task. Coordination and warning of friendly troops and aircraft are mandatory.

scheduled wave. See wave.

schedules. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The carrier itinerary which may involve cargo and passengers.

scheduling. [DSMC] The prescribing of when and where each operation necessary to the manufacture of a product is to be performed.

scheduling and movement capability. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The capability required by Joint Operation Planning and Execution System planners and operators to allow for review and update of scheduling and movement data before and during implementation of a deployment operation.

schemas. An individual's organization of knowledge. Schemas may take the form of scripts (a kind of story or scenario that organizes information) or frames (a structure that looks like a table or matrix into which information fits).

scheme of maneuver. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The tactical plan to be executed by a force in order to seize assigned objectives.

science and technology (S&T) program. [DSMC] Consists of projects in basic research, applied research, and advanced technology development.

scientific and technical intelligence (S&TI). [JP 1-02] (DoD) The product resulting from the collection, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of foreign scientific and technical information which covers foreign developments in basic applied research and in applied engineering techniques and scientific and technical characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of all foreign military systems and materiel, the research and development related thereto, and the production methods employed for their manufacture.

scientific intelligence. See scientific and technical intelligence.

SCOPE DIAL. Base telecommunications modernization (USAF)

Scope Light. Boeing EC-135H and EC-135P, ABNCP aircraft

scram. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In air intercept usage, a code meaning, "Am about to open fire. Friendly units keep clear or get clear of indicated contact, bogey or area." Direction of withdrawal may be indicated. Type of fire may be indicated (e.g., scram proximity: "Am about to open fire with proximity-fused ammunition" scram mushroom: "Am about to fire a special weapon.").

scram mushroom. See scram.

scram proximity. See scram.

scramble. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An order directing takeoff of aircraft as quickly as possible, usually followed by mission instructions.

screen. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO)

l An arrangement of ships, aircraft and/or submarines to protect a main body or convoy.

l In cartography, a sheet of transparent film, glass or plastic carrying a "ruling" or other regularly repeated pattern which may be used in conjunction with a mask, either photographically or photomechanically, to produce areas of the pattern. See also halftone screen.

l In surveillance, camouflage and concealment, any natural or artificial material, opaque to surveillance sensor(s), interposed between the sensor(s) and the object to be camouflaged or concealed. See also concealment.

l A security element whose primary task is to observe, identify and report information, and which only fights in self-protection. See also flank guard; guard.

screening group. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In amphibious operations, a task organization of ships that furnishes protection to the task force en route to the objective area and during operations in the objective area.

scribing. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In cartography, a method of preparing a map or chart by cutting the lines into a prepared coating.

script. The detailed plan, including a numbered list of each scene or frame showing description, talent, props, audio, narration, sound effects, camera angle, image size, and all that is necessary to produce an audiovisual program. It is a printed narration with instructions and cues used to develop video presentations for programs or program segments. See programming script.

script storyboard (SSB). A combination storyboard and audiovisual script. It is a detailed description of an individual or series of frames containing important script features of scene description, reference information, text displayed, audio content, camera directions, special effects, program flow, programming function information, production information, post-production information, props needed, graphics needed, and special notes. See storyboard.

scrolling. Moving the display up or down on the screen.

scrub (budget). [DSMC] A review of the budget with an eye toward adjusting or reprogramming funding to meet current priorities. Periodic, but done at least annually (e.g. mid-FY).

Sea Cobra. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A single-rotor, dual-crew, light attack helicopter armed with a variety of machine guns, rockets, grenade launchers, and anti-tank missiles. It is used for attack helicopter support. Designated as AH-1J.

sea control operations. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The employment of naval forces, supported by land and air forces, as appropriate, to achieve military objectives in vital sea areas. Such operations include destruction of enemy naval forces, suppression of enemy sea commerce, protection of vital sea lanes, and establishment of local military superiority in areas of naval operations. See also land control operations.

sea echelon. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A portion of the assault shipping which withdraws from, or remains out of, the transport area during an amphibious landing and operates in designated areas to seaward in an on-call or unscheduled status.

sea echelon area. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In amphibious operations, an area to seaward of a transport area from which assault shipping is phased into the transport area, and to which assault shipping withdraws from the transport area.

sea echelon plan. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In amphibious operations, the plan for reduction of concentration of amphibious shipping in the transport area, to minimize losses due to enemy attack by mass destruction weapons and to reduce the area to be swept of mines.

sea frontier. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The naval command of a coastal frontier, including the coastal zone in addition to the land area of the coastal frontier and the adjacent sea areas.

Sea King. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A single-rotor, medium-lift helicopter used for air/sea rescue and personnel/cargo transport in support of aircraft carrier operations. Some versions are equipped for antisubmarine operations. Designated as H-3.

Sea Knight. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A twin-rotor, medium-lift helicopter used for personnel and cargo transport. Designated as H-46.

sea projection operations. See land, sea, or aerospace projection operations.

Sea Skimmer. Renamed Sea Skipper.

Sea Skipper. Modification program to convert the supersonic Beechcraft AQM-37 target drone for simulated anti-shipping attacks.

Sea Sprite. A single rotor light lift helicopter used for air/sea rescue, personnel/cargo transport and antisubmarine operations from naval vessels Designated as H-2.

Sea Stallion. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A single-rotor heavy-lift helicopter used for personnel/cargo transport. Designated as CH-53. A mine countermeasures-equipped version is designated as RH-53.

sea state. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A scale that categorizes the force of progressively higher seas by wave height. This scale is mathematically co-related to the Pierson-Moskowitz scale and the relationship of wind to waves. See also Pierson-Moskowitz scale.

sea superiority. That degree of dominance in the sea battle of one force over another that permits the conduct of operations by the former and its related land, sea, and air forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force.

sea supremacy. [JP 1-02] (DoD) That degree of sea superiority wherein the opposing force is incapable of effective interference.

sea surveillance. The systematic observation of surface and subsurface sea areas by all available and practicable means primarily for the purpose of locating, identifying and determining the movements of ships, submarines, and other vehicles, friendly and enemy, proceeding on or under the surface of the world's seas and oceans. See also surveillance.

sea surveillance system. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A system for collecting, reporting, correlating and presenting information supporting and derived from the task of sea surveillance.

sea-air-land team. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A naval force specially organized, trained, and equipped to conduct special operations in maritime, littoral, and riverine environments. Also called SEAL team.

sea-launched ballistic missile. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A ballistic missile launched from a submarine or surface ship.

Seabee. construction battalion (CB).

SEAL team. See sea-air-land team.

sealed bidding. [DSMC] This term replaces formal advertising. See two-step sealed bids.

sealed cabin. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The occupied space of an aircraft characterized by walls which do not allow any gaseous exchange between the ambient atmosphere and the inside atmosphere and containing its own ways of regenerating the inside atmosphere.

Sealift Enhancement Program (SEP). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Special equipment and modifications which adapt merchant-type dry cargo ships and tankers to specific military missions. They are typically installed on Ready Reserve Force ships or ships under Military Sealift Command control. Sealift enhancements fall into three categories: productivity, survivability, and operational enhancements. See also Military Sealift Command; Ready Reserve; Ready Reserve Force.

sealift readiness program. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A formal agreement, pursuant to the Merchant Marine Act of 1936, as amended, between U.S.-flag, dry-cargo carriers and the government for the acquisition of ships and related equipment under conditions of less that full mobilization.

seamless C^{^⁴}I environment. [CJCSI 6212.01A] An electronic environment that allows data to be accessed by the warfighter without regard to physical or electronic boundaries.

Sidewinder Expanded Acquisition Mode (SEAM). An upgrade of the guidance systems for the AIM-9.

search. ^¹[JP 1-02] (DoD)

l An operation to locate an enemy force known or believed to be at sea.

l A systematic reconnaissance of a defined area, so that all parts of the area have passed within visibility.

l To distribute gunfire over an area in depth by successive changes in gun elevation.

^²In computing, the process of rapidly accessing a specific address, identified by its unique sequential reference number.

search and attack priority. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The lowest category of immediate mission request involving suspected targets related to the enemy tactical or logistical capabilities, e.g., those which are not inhibiting a unit's advance but by their fleeting nature and tactical importance should be located and destroyed. See also immediate mission request; priority of immediate mission requests.

search and rescue (SAR). [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The use of aircraft, surface craft, submarines, specialized rescue teams, and equipment to search for and rescue personnel in distress on land or at sea. See also combat search and rescue; combat search and rescue mission coordinator; component search and rescue controller; duckbutt; isolated personnel; joint combat search and rescue operation; joint search and rescue center; joint search and rescue center director; rescue coordination center; search and rescue mission coordinator.

search and rescue alert notice (ALNOT). [JP 1-02] (DoD) An alerting message used for United States domestic flights. It corresponds to the declaration of the alert phase. See also search and rescue incident classification, subpart 1.

search and rescue coordinator. The designated search and rescue representative of the area commander with overall responsibility and authority for operation of the joint rescue coordination center, and for joint search and rescue operations within the geographical area assigned.

search and rescue incident classification. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Three emergency phases into which an incident may be classified or progress, according to the seriousness of the incident and its requirement for rescue service:

l uncertainty phase. Doubt exists as to the safety of a craft or person because of knowledge of possible difficulties or because of lack of information concerning progress or position.

l alert phase. Apprehension exists for the safety of a craft or person because of definite information that serious difficulties exist that do not amount to a distress or because of a continued lack of information concerning progress or position.

l distress phase. Immediate assistance is required by a craft or person because of being threatened by grave or imminent danger or because of continued lack of information concerning progress or position after procedures for the alert phase have been executed.

search and rescue mission coordinator. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The designated person or organization selected to direct and coordinate support for a specific search and rescue mission. Also called SAR mission coordinator. See also combat search and rescue; combat search and rescue mission coordinator; component search and rescue controller; search and rescue.

search and rescue region. See inland search and rescue region; maritime search and rescue region; overseas search and rescue region.

search attack unit. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The designation given to one or more ships separately organized or detached from a formation as a tactical unit to search for and destroy submarines.

search jammer. See automatic search jammer.

search mission. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In air operations, an air reconnaissance by one or more aircraft dispatched to locate an object or objects known or suspected to be in a specific area.

search radius. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In search and rescue operations, a radius centered on a datum point having a length equal to the total probable error plus an additional safety length to ensure a greater than 50 percent probability that the target is in the search area.

search sweeping. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In naval mine warfare, the operation of sweeping a sample of route or area to determine whether poised mines are present.

searched channel. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In naval mine warfare, the whole or part of a route or a path which has been searched, swept or hunted, the width of the channel being specified.

searching fire. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Fire distributed in depth by successive changes in the elevation of a gun. See also fire.

seavan. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Commercial or Government owned (or leased) shipping containers which are moved via ocean transportation without bogey wheels attached, i.e., lifted on and off the ship.

seaward launch point(SLP). [JP 1-02] (DoD) A designated point off the coast from which special operations forces will launch to proceed to the beach to conduct operations. See also seaward recovery point.

seaward recovery point. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A designated point off the coast to which special operations forces will proceed for recovery by submarine, or other means of recovery.

second source. [DSMC] Execution of established acquisition strategy to qualify two producers for the part or system. Sometimes called dual sourcing.

second strike. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The first counterblow of a war. (Generally associated with nuclear operations.)

secondary armament. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In ships with multiple-size guns installed, that battery consisting of guns next largest to those of the main battery.

secondary censorship. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Armed forces censorship performed on the personal communications of officers, civilian employees, and accompanying civilians of the Armed Forces of the United States, and on those personal communications of enlisted personnel of the Armed Forces not subject to Armed Forces primary censorship or those requiring reexamination. See also censorship.

secondary imagery dissemination. See electronic imagery dissemination.

secondary imagery dissemination system. See electronic imagery dissemination.

secondary port. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A port one or more berths, normally at quays, which can accommodate ocean-going ships for discharge. See also port.

secondary rescue facilities. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Local airbase-ready aircraft, crash boats, and other air, surface, subsurface, and ground elements suitable for rescue missions including government and privately operated units and facilities.

secondary road. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A road supplementing a main road, usually wide enough and suitable for two-way all-weather traffic at moderate or slow speeds.

secondary targets. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Alternative targets of lower publicity value that are attacked when the primary target is unattainable. See also antiterrorism; primary target.

secondary wave breaker system. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A series of waves superimposed on another series and differing in height, period, or angle of approach to the beach.

secret. See security classification.

Secret Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNET). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Worldwide secret-level packet switch network that uses high-speed internet protocol routers and high-capacity Defense Information Systems Network circuitry. See also Defense Information Systems Network.

Secretary of Defense decision memorandum (SDDM). An SDDM documents each Secretary of Defense decision and established program goals and thresholds. A SDDM is used to reaffirm established needs and program objectives, authorize exceptions to acquisition policy, and provide direction and guidance for the next phase of the acquisition cycle.

Secretary of a military department. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The Secretary of the Air Force, Army or Navy; or the Commandant of the Coast Guard when operating as a Department of Transportation Agency.

section. [JP 1-02] (DoD)

l As applied to ships or naval aircraft, a tactical subdivision of a division. It is normally one-half of a division in the case of ships, and two aircraft in the case of aircraft.

l A subdivision of an office, installation, territory, works, or organization; especially a major subdivision of a staff.

l A tactical unit of the Army and Marine Corps. A section is smaller than a platoon and larger than a squad. In some organizations the section, rather than the squad, is the basic tactical unit.

l An area in a warehouse extending from one wall to the next; usually the largest subdivision of one floor.

sector. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO)

l An area designated by boundaries within which a unit operates, and for which it is responsible.

l One of the subdivisions of a coastal frontier. See also area of influence; zone of action.

sector of fire. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A defined area which is required to be covered by the fire of individual or crew served weapons or the weapons of a unit.

sector scan. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Scan in which the antenna oscillates through a selected angle.

secure. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In an operational context, to gain possession of a position or terrain feature, with or without force, and to make such disposition as will prevent, as far as possible, its destruction or loss by enemy action. See also denial measure.

security. [JP 1-02] (DoD)

l Measures taken by a military unit, an activity or installation to protect itself against all acts designed to, or which may, impair its effectiveness.

l A condition that results from the establishment and maintenance of protective measures that ensure a state of inviolability from hostile acts or influences.

l With respect to classified matter, it is the condition that prevents unauthorized persons from having access to official information that is safeguarded in the interests of national security.

See also classification; security.

security clearance. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An administrative determination by competent national authority that an individual is eligible, from a security stand-point, for access to classified information. (Note: The DoD definition does not use the word "national.")

security countermeasures. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Those protective activities required to prevent espionage, sabotage, theft, or unauthorized use of classified or controlled information, systems, or material of the Department of Defense. See also counterintelligence.

security intelligence. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Intelligence on the identity, capabilities and intentions of hostile organizations or individuals who are or may be engaged in espionage, sabotage, subversion or terrorism. See also counterintelligence; intelligence; security.

security review. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The process of reviewing news media products at some point, usually before transmission, to ensure that no oral, written, or visual information is filed for publication or broadcast that would divulge national security information or would jeopardize ongoing or future operations or that would threaten the safety of the members of the force. See also security.

security supporting assistance. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Program by which economic assistance is provided on a loan or grant basis, to selected foreign governments having unique security problems. The funds are used to finance imports of commodities, capital, or technical assistance in accordance with terms of a bilateral agreement; counterpart funds thereby generated may be used as budgetary support. These funds enable a recipient to devote more of its own resources to defense and security purposes than it otherwise could do without serious economic or political consequences.

sedition. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Willfully advocating or teaching the duty or necessity of overthrowing the US government or any political subdivision by force or violence. See also counterintelligence.

Seek Igloo. The FPS-39 radar system, a ground-based radar now replacing older systems in the DEW line.

segment. [DSMC] A grouping of elements that are closely related and often physically interface. It consists of configuration items (CIs) produced by several contractors and integrated by one.

segmented training. Modification of existing formal courses into discrete portions.

seizures. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In counterdrug operations, includes drugs and conveyances seized by law enforcement authorities and drug-related assets (monetary instruments, etc.) confiscated based on evidence that they have been derived from or used in illegal narcotics activities. See also counterdrug operations; law enforcement agency.

selected acquisition report (SAR). A SAR is prepared for the Secretary of Defense by a DoD component to summarize current estimates of technical, schedule, and cost performance for a current program, compared to the original plans. Standard, comprehensive, summary status reports on major defense acquisition programs (acquisition category I) required for periodic submission to the Congress. They include key cost, schedule, and technical information.

selected area for evasion (SAFE). [JP 1-02] (DoD) A designated area in hostile territory that offers evaders or escapees a reasonable chance of avoiding capture and of surviving until they can be evacuated. See also escapee; evader; hostile.

Selected Reserve. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Those units and individuals within the Ready Reserve designated by their respective services and approved by the Joint Chiefs of Staff as so essential to initial wartime missions that they have priority over all other Reserves. All Selected Reservists are in an active status. The Selected Reserve also includes persons performing initial active duty for training. See also Ready Reserve.

Selected Reserve strength. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The total number of Guardsmen and reservists in the Selected Reserve who are subject to the 200K Presidential recall or mobilization under declaration of war or national emergency.

selective erase. Refers to the ability to erase part of a screen display without affecting other portions of the same screen display. Also called mode erase.

selective identification feature. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A capability which, when added to the basic Identification Friend or Foe system, provides the means to transmit, receive, and display selected coded replies.

selective jamming. See spot jamming.

selective loading. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The arrangement and stowage of equipment and supplies aboard ship in a manner designed to facilitate issues to units. See also loading.

selective mobilization. See mobilization.

selective release process. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The process involving requesting, analyzing, and obtaining approval for release of weapons to obtain specific, limited damage on selected targets.

selective unloading. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In an amphibious operation, the controlled unloading from assault shipping, and movement ashore, of specific items of cargo at the request of the landing force commander. Normally, selective unloading parallels the landing of nonscheduled units during the initial unloading period of the ship-to-shore movement.

selenodesy. [JP 1-02] (DoD) That branch of applied mathematics that determines, by observation and measurement, the exact positions of points and the figures and areas of large portions of the moon's surface, or the shape and size of the moon.

selenodetic. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Of or pertaining to, or determined by selenodesy.

self pacing. Mode of instruction whereby each student works through the instructional materials at his own rate of speed.

self-destroying fuse. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A fuse designed to burst a projectile before the end of its flight. See also fuse

self-development test (SDT). The SDT is a norm-referenced test composed of 100 multiple-choice questions on leadership, training management, and MOS knowledge. It allows noncommissioned officers to measure and guide their professional growth in the skills and competencies they need as leaders.

self-diagnostic. A procedure by which a system checks its own operations and identifies error conditions.

self-paced instruction. Instruction that permits progress at the student's rate of learning.

self-paced management plan. Arrangement whereby instruction is scheduled and conducted for individual students rather that groups of students.

self-protection depth. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The depth of water where the aggregate danger width relative to mines affected by a minesweeping technique is zero. Safe depth is a particular self-protection depth.

self-study. [TR 350-70] Individual study by which a soldier learns or reinforces previous learning, on his/her own.

self-study workbook/guide. A document containing a series of lessons arranged in discrete steps with self-test questions that allow the instructor to monitor the students' progress. It is used to guide the student through a controlled path of study and specific job tasks with a minimum amount of supervision. An instructional document that provides the student study material in support of objectives. This document contains the objectives, subobjectives, subject matter content, reference to adjunct reading or study material, review exercises with feedback, and directions to interact with training media including an instructor.

self-sustaining containership. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A containership with shipboard-installed cranes capable of loading and off-loading containers without assistance of port crane service. See also containership.

self-teaching exportable packages. Self instructional study units: generally sent to the student wherever he/she is stationed.

semi-active homing guidance. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A system of homing guidance wherein the receiver in the missile utilizes radiations from the target which has been illuminated by an outside source.

semi-active radar homing (SARH) missile guidance system. A missile that steers on the reflection of the radar beam transmitted by the aircraft.

semi-controlled mosaic. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A mosaic composed of corrected or uncorrected prints laid so that major ground features match their geographical coordinates. See also mosaic.

semi-fixed ammunition. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Ammunition in which the cartridge case is not permanently attached to the projectile. See also munition.

semi-permanent joint task force. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A joint task force which has been assigned an expanded or follow-on mission and will continue to conduct these operations in a specified area for an undetermined period of time. See also joint task force; mission; operation.

senior meteorological and oceanographic officer (SMO). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Meteorological and oceanographic officer responsible for assisting the combatant commander and staff in developing and executing operational meteorological and oceanographic service concepts in support of a designated joint force. See also meteorological and oceanographic.

senior officer present afloat (SOPA). [JP 1-02] (DoD) The senior line officer of the Navy, on active service, eligible for command at sea, who is present and in command of any unit of the operating forces afloat in the locality or within an area prescribed by competent authority. This officer is responsible for the administration of matters which collectively affect naval units of the operating forces afloat in the locality prescribed.

senior procurement executive (SPE). Senior procurement executive means the individual appointed pursuant to section 16(3) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 414(3)) who is responsible for management direction of the Service procurement system of the executive agency, including implementation of the unique acquisition policies, regulations, and standards of the executive agency. See Title 41 U.S.C.414, Executive Agency Responsibilities. The SPE for all nonService DoD Components is the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology. See Title 10 U.S.C.133, Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology.

Senior Ruby. Sensor package carried by the U-2R; a radar emission monitoring system.

Senior Span. Datalink equipment carried by U-2Rs to relay data to satellites. A large radome on top of the aft fuselage.

Senior Spear. Sensor package carried by the U-2R, a radio signal monitoring system.

Senior Year Electro-optical Relay System (SYERS). Senior Year is the U-2R; SYERS is a CCD-camera, of which the image can be data-linked to a ground station.

sensitive. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Requiring special protection from disclosure which could cause embarrassment, compromise, or threat to the security of the sponsoring power. May be applied to an agency, installation, person, position, document, material, or activity.

sensitive compartmented information (SCI). [JP 1-02] (DoD) All information and materials bearing special community controls indicating restricted handling within present and future community intelligence collection programs and their end products for which community systems of compartmentation have been or will be formally established. (These controls are over and above the provisions of DoD 5200.1-R, Information Security Program Regulation.)

sensitive compartmented information facility (SCIF). [JP 1-02] (DoD) An accredited area, room, group of rooms, or installation where sensitive compartmented information may be stored, used, discussed, and/or electronically processed. SCIF procedural and physical measures prevent the free access of persons unless they have been formally indoctrinated for the particular SCI authorized for use or storage within the SCIF. See also sensitive compartmented information.

sensor. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An equipment which detects, and may indicate, and/or record objects and activities by means of energy or particles emitted, reflected, or modified by objects.

sensory stimulus. A capability (e.g., sound, motion, odor, color, scale representation) that activates a human sense.

Sentinel. A defense system for cities, abandoned in favor of Safeguard ABM.

separate loading ammunition. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Ammunition in which the projectile and charge are loaded into a gun separately. See also munition.

separation zone. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An area between two adjacent horizontal or vertical areas into which units are not to proceed unless certain safety measures can be fulfilled.

sequence circuit. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In mine warfare, a circuit which requires actuation by a predetermined sequence of influences of predetermined magnitudes.

sequenced ejection system. See ejection systems.

sequel. Major operations that follow an initial major operation. Plans for sequels are based on the possible outcome — victory, stalemate, or defeat — of the current operation.

sequence. Two or more frames forming one visual unit (e.g., motion sequence, still-frame sequence).

sequencing. [TR 350-70] In training design, the proper ordering of instruction which allows the student to make the transition from one skill or body of knowledge to another and assures that supporting skills and knowledge are acquired before dependent performances are introduced.

sequential color with memory (SECAM). The color TV standard (Sequential Couleur A Memorie (SECAM)) developed by France, and subsequently adopted by the former USSR and its former satellite states, and in some parts of the Middle East and North Africa. It involves sending the three primary color signals sequentially, rather than nearly simultaneously (as the NTSC and PAL systems do).

sequential training. [TR 350-70] The ordering of training so that the learning of new or more complex skills/ knowledge is built on and reinforces previously learned material. See sequencing.

Sergeant. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A mobile, inertially guided, solid-propellant, surface-to-surface missile, with nuclear warhead capability, designed to attack targets up to a range of 75 nautical miles. Designated as MGM-29A.

serial. ^¹[JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The sequential transmission of information, unit by unit, on a single channel. ^²[JP 1-02] (DoD) An element or a group of elements within a series which is given a numerical or alphabetical designation for convenience in planning, scheduling, and control.

serial assignment table. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A table that is used in amphibious operations and shows the serial number, the title of the unit, the approximate number of personnel; the material, vehicles, or equipment in the serial; the number and type of landing craft and/or amphibious vehicles required to boat the serial; and the ship on which the serial is embarked.

seriously ill or injured (SII). [JP 1-02] (DoD) The casualty status of a person whose illness or injury is classified by medical authority to be of such severity that there is cause for immediate concern, but there is not imminent danger to life. See also casualty status.

seriously wounded. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A stretcher case. See also wounded.

service acquisition executive (SAE). See DoD Component acquisition executive.

service ammunition. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Ammunition intended for combat, rather than for training purposes.

Service component command. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A command consisting of the Service component commander and all those Service forces, such as individuals, units, detachments, organizations, and installations under the command, including the support forces that have been assigned to a combatant command, or further assigned to a subordinate unified command or joint task force. See also component; functional component command.

Service component command chaplain. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The senior chaplain assigned to the staff of, or designated by, the Service component commander. The component command chaplain is responsible for supervising and coordinating religious ministries within the purview of the component commander and may be supported by a staff of chaplains and enlisted religious support personnel. See also command chaplain; command chaplain of the combatant command; lay leader or lay reader; religious ministry support; religious ministry support plan; religious ministry support team.

service component commander. A service component command consists of those individuals, units, detachments, organizations, and installations of a single service that has been assigned to the unified command. The service component commander is the senior officer assigned to a unified command and qualified for command by the regulations of that service. His assignment is subject to the concurrence of the commander in chief. The service commander is responsible for all aspects of his force, to include logistics within the unified command.

service contract. [DSMC] One which calls directly for a contractor's time and effort rather than for a concrete end product.

service deployment plans and fielding plans. [CJCSI 6212.01A] Plans that describe the evolution from current capabilities to the full operational capability for new or modified C⁴I programs. Included are fielding schedules, plans, locations, and associated time-phased interoperability capabilities and requirements with current and planned systems of other DoD components or allies.

service environment. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) All external conditions, whether natural or induced, to which items of materiel are likely to be subjected throughout their life cycle.

service force. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A naval task organization that performs missions for the logistic support of operations.

service group. ^¹A segregated set of commands that relate to a specific functional area. For example, the videodisk service group contains commands for controlling videodisk players. ^²[JP 1-02] (DoD) A major naval administration and/or tactical organization, consisting of the commander and the staff, designed to exercise operational control and administrative command of assigned squadrons and units in executing their tasks of providing logistic support of fleet operations.

service life. [DSMC] Quantifies the average or mean life of the item. There is no general formula for the computation. Often refers to the mean life between overhauls, the mandatory replacement time, or the total usefulness of the item in respect to the weapon it supports; that is, from first inception of the weapon until final phaseout.

service life extension program (SLEP). [DSMC] Modification(s) to fielded systems undertaken to extend the life of the system beyond what was previously planned.

service mine. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A mine capable of a destructive explosion.

service supplement. [DSMC] Information, instructions, or lists of items of supply applicable only to one military service.

service squadron. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An administrative and/or tactical subdivision of a naval service force or service group, consisting of the commander and the staff, organized to exercise operational control and administrative command of assigned units in providing logistic support of fleet units as directed.

service test. JP 1-02] (DoD) A test of an item, system of materiel, or technique conducted under simulated or actual operational conditions to determine whether the specified military requirements or characteristics are satisfied. See also troop test.

service troops. JP 1-02] (DoD) Those units designed to render supply, maintenance, transportation, evacuation, hospitalization, and other services required by air and ground combat units to carry out effectively their mission in combat. See also combat service support elements; troops.

Service-unique container. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Any 20- or 40-foot International Organization for Standardization container procured or leased by a Service to meet Service-unique requirements. Also called component-owned container. See also common-use container; component-owned container.

Service-unique transportation assets. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Transportation assets that are:

l Assigned to a Military Department for functions of the Secretaries of the Military Departments set forth in Sections 3013(b), 5013(b), and 8013(b) of Title 10 of the United States Code, including administrative functions (such as motor pools), intelligence functions, training functions, and maintenance functions;

l Assigned to the Department of the Army for the execution of the missions of the Army Corps of Engineers;

l Assigned to the Department of the Navy as the special mission support force of missile range instrumentation ships, ocean survey ships, cable ships, oceanographic research ships, acoustic research ships, and naval test support ships; the naval fleet auxiliary force of fleet ammunition ships, fleet stores ships, fleet ocean tugs, and fleet oilers; hospital ships; Marine Corps intermediate maintenance activity ships, Marine Corps helicopter support to senior Federal officials; and, prior to the complete discharge of cargo, maritime prepositioning ships;

l Assigned to the Department of the Air 28.*0- for search and rescue, weather reconnaissance, audiovisual services, and aeromedical evacuation functions, and transportation of senior Federal officials.

serviceability. [DSMC] A measure of the degree to which servicing of an item will be accomplished within a given time under specified conditions.

servicing. See common servicing; cross-servicing; joint servicing. See also inter-service support.

servo control. A device that converts a small mechanical force into a larger one; particularly in a control mechanism.

setup. [DSMC] Making ready or preparing for the performance of a job operation. It included the tear down to return the machine or work area it its original or normal condition.

setup time. [DSMC] The time required to arrange locating fixtures and equipment in order to begin productive work, including adjustments and takedown of the original setup.

severe damage. See nuclear damage.

severity. [TR 350-70] The expected consequence of an event in terms of degree of injury, property damage, or other mission-impairing factors (loss of combat power, adverse publicity, and so on) that could occur. (FM 101-5-1).

shaded relief. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A cartographic technique that provides an apparent three-dimensional configuration of the terrain on maps and charts by the use of graded shadows that would be cast by high ground if light were shining from the northwest. Shaded relief is usually used in combination with contours. See also hill shading.

shadow. See trailer aircraft.

Shadow. Sikorsky Helicopter Advanced Demonstrator of Operator Workload. An S-76 was modified with a single cockpit in front of the normal one.

shallow fording. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The ability of a self-propelled gun or ground vehicle equipped with built-in waterproofing, with its wheels or tracks in contact with the ground, to negotiate a water obstacle without the use of a special waterproofing kit. See also deep fording; flotation.

shaped charge. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A charge shaped so as to concentrate its explosive force in a particular direction.

shaping. [TR 350-70] The process of gradually changing a student's behavior until it conforms to the desired behavior.

Shared Product Program. Department of Defense Intelligence Production Conference (DoDIPC) program that provides activities, responsibilities, and accountability among national, service, and theater production centers, less National Security Agency and Defense Mapping Agency, based on traditional roles as specified in Title X, the Unified Command Plan (UCP), and national-level military intelligence requirements forums. Replaces distributed production program, DPP.

shared task. See task.

sheaf. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In artillery and naval gunfire support, planned planes (lines) of fire that produce a desired pattern of bursts with rounds fired by two or more weapons.

shear link assembly. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A device designed to break at a specified mechanical load.

sheet explosive. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Plastic explosive provided in a sheet form.

sheetlines. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Those lines defining the geographic limits of the map or chart detail.

shelf life. ^¹[JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The length of time during which an item of supply, subject to deterioration or having a limited life which cannot be renewed, is considered serviceable while stored. See also storage life. ^²[DSMC] The expected length of time in inventory (use) for a system, component, or subassembly.

shell (specify). [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A command or request indicating the type of projectile to be used.

shelling report. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Any report of enemy shelling containing information on caliber, direction, time, density and area shelled.

shelter. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An International Organization for Standardization container outfitted with live- or work-in capability. See also International Organization for Standardization.

shielding. ^¹Protective covering that eliminates electro-magnetic and radio frequency interference. ^²[JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO)

l Material of suitable thickness and physical characteristics used to protect personnel from radiation during the manufacture, handling, and transportation of fissionable and radioactive materials.

l Obstructions which tend to protect personnel or materials from the effects of a nuclear explosion.

shifting fire. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Fire delivered at constant range at varying deflections; used to cover the width of a target that is too great to be covered by an open sheaf.

Shillelagh. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A missile system mounted on the main battle tank and assault reconnaissance vehicle for employment against enemy armor, troops, and field fortifications. Designated as MGM-51.

ship combat readiness. See combat ready.

ship counter. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO)In naval mine warfare, a device in a mine which prevents the mine from detonating until a preset number of actuations has taken place.

ship haven. See moving havens.

ship influence. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In naval mine warfare, the magnetic, acoustic and pressure effects of a ship, or a minesweep simulating a ship, which is detectable by a mine or other sensing devices.

ship will adjust. [JP 1-02] (DoD) In naval gunfire support, a method of control in which the ship can see the target and, with the concurrence of the spotter, will adjust.

ship-to-shore movement. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) That portion of the assault phase of an amphibious operation which includes the deployment of the landing force from the assault shipping to designated landing areas.

shipping control. See naval control of shipping.

shipping designator. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A code word assigned to a particular overseas base, port, or area, for specific use as an address on shipments to the overseas location concerned. The code word is usually four letters and may be followed by a number to indicate a particular addressee.

shipping lane. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A term used to indicate the general flow of merchant shipping between two departure/terminal areas.

shipping time. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The time elapsing between the shipment of materiel by the supplying activity and receipt of materiel by the requiring activity. See also order and shipping time.

shoal. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A sandbank or bar that makes water shoal; i.e., a sand-bank that is not rocky and on which there is a water depth of 6 fathoms or less.

shock front. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The boundary between the pressure disturbance created by an explosion (in air, water, or earth) and the ambient atmosphere, water, or earth.

shock wave. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The continuously propagated pressure pulse formed by the blast from an explosion in air, under water or under ground. See also blast wave.

shoran. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A precise short-range electronic navigation system which uses the time of travel of pulse-type transmission from two or more fixed stations to measure slant-range distance from the stations. Also, in conjunction with a suitable computer, used in precision bombing. (This term is derived from the words short-range navigation.)

shore fire control party. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A specially trained unit for control of naval gunfire in support of troops ashore. It consists of a spotting team to adjust fire and a naval gunfire liaison team to perform liaison functions for the supported battalion commander.

shore party. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A task organization of the landing force, formed for the purpose of facilitating the landing and movement off the beaches of troops, equipment, and supplies; for the evacuation from the beaches of casualties and enemy prisoners of war; and for facilitating the beaching, retraction, and salvaging of landing ships and craft. It comprises elements of both the naval and landing forces. Also called beach group. See also beachmaster unit; beach party; naval beach group.

shore-to-shore movement. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The assault movement of personnel and materiel directly from a shore staging area to the objective, involving no further transfers between types of craft or ships incident to the assault movement.

shoreline effect. See coastal refraction.

short. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In artillery and naval gunfire support, a spotting, or an observation, used by an observer to indicate that a burst(s) occurred short of the target in relation to the spotting line.

short round. [JP 1-02] (DoD)

l The unintentional or inadvertent delivery of ordnance on friendly troops, installations, or civilians by a friendly weapon system.

l A defective cartridge in which the projectile has been seated too deeply.

short scope buoy. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A buoy used as a navigational reference which remains nearly vertical over its sinker.

short supply. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An item is in short supply when the total of stock on hand and anticipated receipts during a given period are less than the total estimated demand during that period.

short takeoff and landing. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The ability of an aircraft to clear a 50-foot (15 meters) obstacle within 1,500 feet (500 meters) of commencing takeoff or in landing, to stop within 1,500 feet (500 meters) after passing over a 50-foot (15 meters) obstacle.

short takeoff and vertical landing aircraft (STOVL). [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Fixed-wing aircraft capable of clearing a 15-meter (50-foot) obstacle within 450 meters (1500 feet) of commencing takeoff run, and capable of landing vertically. See also short takeoff and landing; vertical and/or short takeoff and landing; vertical takeoff and landing.

short title. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A short, identifying combination of letters, and/or numbers assigned to a document or device for purposes of brevity and/or security.

short ton (S/T or STON). [JP 1-02] (DoD) 2,000 pounds.

short-range air defense engagement zone. See weapon engagement zone.

short-range attack missile. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An air-to-surface missile, armed with a nuclear warhead, launched from the B-52 and the FB-111 aircraft. The missile range, speed, and accuracy allow the carrier aircraft to standoff from its intended targets and launch missiles outside enemy defenses. Designated as AGM-69.

short-range ballistic missile(