Military Definitionstable of allowance. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An equipment allowance document which prescribes basic allowances of organizational equipment, and provides the control to develop, revise, or change equipment authorization inventory data.
table of distribution and allowances (TDA). The TDA is the requirements/authorization document which prescribes the organizational structure, personnel and equipment authorizations, and requirements of a military unit to perform a specific mission for which there is no appropriate TOE.
table of organization. See establishment.
table of organization and equipment (TOE). The TOE is a table which prescribes the normal wartime mission, organizational structure, and personnel and equipment requirements for a military unit. The TOE is the basis for an authorization document, the MTOE. The TOE is not an authorization document. See also establishment.
taboo frequency A friendly frequency on which jamming or other intentional interference is prohibited.
tac-log group. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Representatives designated by troop commanders to assist Navy control officers aboard control ships in the ship-to-shore movement of troops, equipment, and supplies.
tacan. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An ultra-high frequency electronic air navigation system, able to provide continuous bearing and slant range to a selected station. The term is derived from tactical air navigation.
tacit arms control agreement. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An arms control course of action in which two or more nations participate without any formal agreement having been made.
Tacit Rainbow. Northrop AGM-136A, a loitering, antiradiation cruise missile.
tactical aeromedical evacuation. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) That phase of evacuation which provides airlift for patients from the combat zone to points outside the combat zone, and between points within the communications zone.
tactical air command center. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The principal United States Marine Corps air operation installation from which aircraft and air warning functions of tactical air operations are directed. It is the senior agency of the Marine Corps air command and control system from which the Marine Corps tactical air commander can direct and control tactical air operations and coordinate such air operations with other services.
tactical air commander (ashore). [JP 1-02] (DoD) The officer (aviator) responsible to the landing force commander for control and coordination of air operations within the landing force commander's area of responsibility when control of these operations is passed ashore.
tactical air control center. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The principal air operations installation (land- or ship-based) from which all aircraft and air warning functions of tactical air operations are controlled.
tactical air control group. [JP 1-02] (DoD)
l land-based. A flexible administrative and tactical component of a tactical air organization which provides aircraft control and warning functions ashore for offensive and defensive missions within the tactical air zone of responsibility.
l ship-based. An administrative and tactical component of an amphibious force which provides aircraft control and warning facilities afloat for offensive and defensive missions within the tactical air command area of responsibility.
tactical air control operations team. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A team of ground environment personnel assigned to certain allied tactical air control units/elements.
tactical air control party. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A subordinate operational component of a tactical air control system designed to provide air liaison to land forces and for the control of aircraft.
tactical air control party support team. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An Army team organized to provide armored combat and/or special purpose vehicles and crews to certain tactical air control parties.
tactical air control squadron. tactical air control party. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A subordinate operational component of a tactical air control system designed to provide air liaison to land forces and for the control of aircraft.
l land-based. A flexible administrative component of a tactical air control group, known as TACRON, which provides the control mechanism for a land-based tactical air control center, a tactical air direction center, or tactical air control parties.
l ship-based. An administrative and tactical component of the tactical air control group, known as TACRON, which provides the control mechanism for the ship-based tactical air direction center or the ship-based tactical air control center.
tactical air control squadron. [JP 1-02] (DoD)
l land-based -- A flexible administrative component of a tactical air control group, known as TACRON, which provides the control mechanism for a land-based tactical air control center, a tactical air direction center, or tactical air control parties.
l ship-based -- An administrative and tactical component of the tactical air control group, known as TACRON, which provides the control mechanism for the ship-based tactical air direction center or the ship-based tactical air control center.
tactical air control system. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The organization and equipment necessary to plan, direct, and control tactical air operations and to coordinate air operations with other services. It is composed of control agencies and communications-electronics facilities which provide the means for centralized control and decentralized execution of missions.
tactical air controller. The officer in charge of all operations of the tactical air control center. He is responsible to the tactical air commander for the control of all aircraft and air warning facilities within his area of responsibility. See also air controller.
tactical air coordinator (airborne). [JP 1-02] (DoD) An officer who coordinates, from an aircraft, the action of combat aircraft engaged in close support of ground or sea forces. See also forward observer.
tactical air direction center. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An air operations installation under the overall control of the tactical air control center (afloat)/tactical air command center, from which aircraft and air warning service functions of tactical air operations in an area of responsibility are directed. See also tactical air director.
tactical air director. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The officer in charge of all operations of the tactical air direction center. This officer is responsible to the tactical air controller for the direction of all aircraft and air warning facilities assigned to the area of responsibility. When operating independently of a tactical air control center (afloat), the tactical air director assumes the functions of the tactical air controller. See also tactical air direction center.
tactical air doctrine. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Fundamental principles designed to provide guidance for the employment of air power in tactical air operations to attain established objectives.
tactical air force. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An air force charged with carrying out tactical air operations in coordination with ground or naval forces.
tactical air groups (shore-based). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Task organizations of tactical air units assigned to the amphibious task force that are to be land-based within, or sufficiently close to, the objective area to provide tactical air support to the amphibious task force.
tactical air observer. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An officer trained as an air observer whose function is to observe from airborne aircraft and report on movement and disposition of friendly and enemy forces, on terrain, weather, and hydrography and to execute other missions as directed.
tactical air officer (afloat). [JP 1-02] (DoD) The officer (aviator) under the amphibious task force commander who coordinates planning of all phases of air participation of the amphibious operation and air operations of supporting forces en route to and in the objective area. Until control is passed ashore, this officer exercises control over all operations of the tactical air control center (afloat) and is charged with: control of all aircraft in the objective area assigned for tactical air operations, including offensive and defensive air; control of all other aircraft entering or passing through the objective area; and control of all air warning facilities in the objective area.
tactical air operation. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An air operation involving the employment of air power in coordination with ground or naval forces to: gain and maintain air superiority; prevent movement of enemy forces into and within the objective area and to seek out and destroy these forces and their supporting installations; and join with ground or naval forces in operations within the objective area, in order to assist directly in attainment of their immediate objective.
tactical air operations center. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A subordinate operational component of the marine air command and control system designed for direction and control of all en route air traffic and air defense operations, to include manned interceptors and surface-to-air weapons, in an assigned sector. It is under the operational control of the tactical air command center.
tactical air reconnaissance. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The use of air vehicles to obtain information concerning terrain, weather, and the disposition, composition, movement, installations, lines of communications, electronic and communication emissions of enemy forces. Also included are artillery and naval gun-fire adjustment, and systematic and random observation of ground battle areas, targets, and/or sectors of airspace.
tactical air support. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Air operations carried out in coordination with surface forces and which directly assist land or maritime operations. See also air support.
tactical air support element. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An element of a United States Army division, corps, or field army tactical operations center consisting of G2 and G3 air personnel who coordinate and integrate tactical air support with current tactical ground operations.
tactical air transport operations. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The carriage of passengers and cargo within a theater by means of:
l Airborne operations, consisting of parachute assault, helicopter borne assault, or air landing.
l Air logistic support.
l Special missions.
l Aeromedical evacuation missions.
tactical area of responsibility (TAOR). [JP 1-02] (DoD) A defined area of land for which responsibility is specifically assigned to the commander of the area as a measure for control of assigned forces and coordination of support.
tactical call sign. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A call sign which identifies a tactical command or tactical communication facility. See also call sign.
tactical combat force. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A combat unit, with appropriate combat support and combat service support assets, that is assigned the mission of defeating Level III threats.
tactical command, control, communications, and computer system (s). [JP 1-02] (DoD) The facilities, equipment, communications, procedures, and personnel essential to theater-level and below-theater-level commanders for planning, directing, and controlling operations of assigned and attached forces pursuant to the mission assigned and which provide for the conveyance and/or exchange of data and information from one person or force to another. See also command, control, communications, and computer systems.
tactical concept. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A statement, in broad outline, which provides a common basis for future development of tactical doctrine. See also tactical sub-concept.
tactical control (TACON). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Command authority over assigned or attached forces or commands, or military capability or forces made available for tasking, that is limited to the detailed and, usually, local direction and control of movements or maneuvers necessary to accomplish missions or tasks assigned. Tactical control is inherent in operational control. Tactical control may be delegated to, and exercised at any level at or below the level of combatant command. See also combatant command; combatant command (command authority); operational control.
tactical deception group. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A task organization that conducts deception operations against the enemy, including electronic, communication, visual, and other methods designed to misinform and confuse the enemy.
tactical digital information link (TADIL). [JP 1-02] (DoD) A Joint Staff approved, standardized communication link suitable for transmission of digital information. Current practice is to characterize a TADIL by its standardized message formats and transmission characteristics. TADILs interface two or more command and control or weapon systems via a single or multiple network architecture and multiple communication media for exchange of tactical information. There are six types:
l TADIL-A. A secure, half-duplex, netted digital data link utilizing parallel transmission frame characteristics and standard message formats at either 1364 or 2250 bits per second. It is normally operated in a roll-call mode under control of a net control station to exchange digital information among airborne, land-based, and shipboard systems. NATO's equivalent is Link 11.
l TADIL-B. A secure, full-duplex, point-to-point digital data link utilizing serial transmission frame characteristics and standard message formats at either 2400, 1200, or 600 bits per second. It interconnects tactical air defense and air control units. NATO's equivalent is Link 11B.
l TADIL-C. An unsecured, time-division digital data link utilizing serial transmission characteristics and standard message formats at 5000 bits per second from a controlling unit to controlled aircraft. Information exchange can be one-way (controlling unit to controlled aircraft) or two-way. NATO's equivalent is Link 4.
l TADIL-J. A secure, high capacity, jam-resistant, nodeless data link which uses the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS) transmission characteristics and the protocols, conventions, and fixed-length message formats defined by the JTIDS Technical Interface Design Plan (TIDP). NATO's equivalent is Link 16.
l Army Tactical Data Link 1 (ATDL-1). A secure, full-duplex, point-to-point digital data link utilizing serial transmission frame characteristics and standard message formats at a basic speed of 1200 bits per second. It interconnects tactical air control systems and Army or marine tactical air defense oriented systems.
l Interim JTIDS Message Specification (IJMS). A secure, high capacity, jam-resistant, nodeless interim message specification that uses the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS) transmission characteristics and the protocols, conventions, and fixed-length message formats defined by the IJMS.
See also Airborne Tactical Data System; data link.
tactical diversion. See diversion.
tactical information processing and interpretation (TIPI) system. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A tactical, mobile, land-based, automated information-handling system designed to store and retrieve intelligence information and to process and interpret imagery or non-imagery data.
tactical intelligence. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Intelligence that is required for planning and conducting tactical operations. See also intelligence; operational intelligence; strategic intelligence.
tactical intelligence and related activities (TIARA). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Those intelligence, reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition programs which are funded partially or totally outside the National Foreign Intelligence Program, and which:
l Respond to operational commander’s tasking for time sensitive information on foreign entities.
l Respond to national intelligence community tasking of systems whose primary mission is to support operational forces.
l Train personnel for intelligence duties.
l Provide an intelligence reserve.
l Are devoted to research and development of intelligence or related activities.
Specifically excluded are programs which are closely integrated with a weapon system and provide immediate-use targeting data to that system as their sole or primary function.
tactical level of war. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The level of war at which battles and engagements are planned and executed to accomplish military objectives assigned to tactical units or task forces. Activities at this level focus on the ordered arrangement and maneuver of combat elements in relation to each other and to the enemy to achieve combat objectives. See also operational level of war; strategic level of war.
tactical loading. See combat loading; unit loading.
tactical locality. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An area of terrain which, because of its location or features, possesses a tactical significance in the particular circumstances existing at a particular time.
tactical map. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A large-scale map used for tactical and administrative purposes. See also map.
tactical minefield. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A minefield which is part of a formation obstacle plan and is laid to delay, channel or break up an enemy advance.
tactical mining. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In naval mine warfare, mining designed to influence a specific operation or to counter a known or presumed tactical aim of the enemy. Implicit in tactical mining is a limited period of effectiveness of the minefield.
tactical nuclear weapon employment. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The use of nuclear weapons by land, sea, or air forces against opposing forces, supporting installations or facilities, in support of operations which contribute to the accomplishment of a military mission of limited scope, or in support of the military commander's scheme of maneuver, usually limited to the area of military operations.
tactical obstacles. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Those obstacles employed to disrupt enemy formations, to turn them into a desired area, to fix them in position under direct and indirect fires, and to block enemy penetrations.
tactical operations area. [JP 1-02] (DoD) That area between the fire support coordination line and the rear operations area where maximum flexibility in the use of airspace is needed to assure mission accomplishment. The rear boundary of the tactical operations area should normally be at or near the rear boundary of the front-line divisions.
tactical operations center(TOC). [JP 1-02] (DoD) A physical grouping of those elements of an Army general and special staff concerned with the current tactical operations and the tactical support thereof.
tactical range. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A range in which realistic targets are in use and a certain freedom of maneuver is allowed.
tactical reserve. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A part of a force, held under the control of the commander as a maneuvering force to influence future action.
tactical security. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In operations, the measures necessary to deny information to the enemy and to ensure that a force retains its freedom of action and is warned or protected against an unexpected encounter with the enemy or an attack. See also physical security; security.
tactical situation (TACSIT) of a USN battlegroup.
l TACSIT 1. The exact location of battlegroup known to enemy.
l TACSIT 2. The general location of battlegroup known to enemy.
l TACSIT 3. The location of battlegroup unknown to enemy.
tactical sub-concept. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A statement, in broad outline, for a specific field of military capability within a tactical concept which provides a common basis both for equipment and weapon system development and for future development of tactical doctrine. See also tactical concept.
tactical transport aircraft. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Aircraft designed primarily for the carriage of personnel and/or cargo over short or medium distances.
tactical troops. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Combat troops, together with any service troops required for their direct support, who are organized under one commander to operate as a unit and engage the enemy in combat. See also troops.
tactical unit. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An organization of troops, aircraft, or ships which is intended to serve as a single unit in combat. It may include service units required for its direct support.
tactical vehicle. See military designed vehicle.
tactical warning. [JP 1-02] (DoD)
l A warning after initiation of a threatening or hostile act based on an evaluation of information from all available sources.
l In satellite and missile surveillance, a notification to operational command centers that a specific threat event is occurring. The component elements that describe threat events are:
l Country of origin--country or countries initiating hostilities.
l Event type and size--identification of the type of event and determination of the size or number of weapons.
l Country under attack--determined by observing trajectory of an object and predicting its impact point.
l Event time--time the hostile event occurred. Also called integrated tactical warning.
See also attack assessment; strategic warning.
tactical warning and assessment. A composite term. See separate definitions for tactical warning and for attack assessment.
tactical warning and attack assessment. A composite term. See separate definitions for tactical warning and for attack assessment.
tactics. [TR 350-70] The employment of units in combat. The ordered arrangement and maneuver of units in relation to each other and/or to the enemy in order to use their full potentialities. Example: A commander designates a unit as a reserve and plans for its use.
TADSS proponent. [TR 350-70] The command or agency, normally a service school, that has primary responsibility for life cycle management of an item of TADSS from conception through classification as obsolete.
TADV. [TR 350-70] Management decision package (MDEP) designation for training development.
Tagged-Image File Format (TIFF). [TP 25-71] The TIFF is used to exchange documents between applications and computer platforms. The TIFF format supports LZW compression. LZW is the same compression used by the gif format; however, unlike gif, LZW TIFF supports image types other than indexed color.
tagline. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A line attached to a draft of cargo or container to provide control and minimize pendulation of cargo during lifting operations. See also cargo; container; draft.
tail hook. See aircraft arresting hook.
tailorability. [TP 525-5] Capability to determine the right mix and sequencing of units with sufficient combat power to accomplish the mission and sustain the force, based on METT-T, analysis, and other criteria such as available lift, pre-positioned assets and host nation support.
tailoring. 1The process by which individual requirements (sections, paragraphs or sentences) of specifications, standards and related documents are evaluated to determine the extent to which they are most suitable for a specific acquisition, and the modification of these requirements to ensure that each achieves an optimal balance between operational needs and cost. 2[DSMC] The manner in which certain core issues (program definition, program structure, program design, program assessments, and periodic reporting) are addressed in a particular program. The milestone decision authority seeks to minimize the time it takes to satisfy an identified need consistent with common sense, sound business management practice, applicable laws and regulations, and the time sensitive nature of the requirement itself. Tailoring may be applied to various aspects of the acquisition process, including program documentation, acquisition phases, the time and scope of decision reviews, supportability analysis, and decisions levels consistent with all applicable statutory requirements.
tailoring (joint program). [DSMC] The process of evaluating potential requirements of the participating services to determine their pertinence and cost effectiveness for a specific system or equipment joint acquisition, and modifying these requirements to ensure that each contributes to an optimal balance between the needs of the participating services and cost.
tailoring of requirements. The deletion of requirements (from Data Item Descriptions (DIDs) and specifications) that are not required to meet the needs of a specific contract, or the addition of (for specifications only) requirements that may be needed under certain conditions.
talk-through technique. Occurs during the simulation of an operational system; involves talking through each operation in the new system to determine decisions and contingencies.
talking head. A sequence showing a head and shoulders shot of the presenter talking directly to the camera.
tally ho. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A code meaning, "target visually sighted" (presumably the target I have been ordered to intercept). This should be followed by initial contact report as soon as possible. The sighting should be amplified if possible (e.g., "tally ho pounce", or "tally ho heads up").
tank landing ship. A naval ship designed to transport and land amphibious vehicles, tanks, combat vehicles, and equipment in amphibious assault. Designated as LST.
tank, combat, full-tracked, 105-mm gun.: [JP 1-02] (DoD) A heavy, fully armored combat vehicle providing mobile fire power and crew protection for offensive combat, armed with one 105-mm gun, one 7.62-mm gun and one 50-caliber machine gun. Designated as M-60.
tank, combat, full-tracked, 152-mm gun. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A heavily armored vehicle providing mobile firepower and crew protection for offensive combat armed with one 152-mm gun/launcher, capable of firing Shillelagh missiles or conventional combustible ammunition, one 50-caliber machine gun and one 7.62-mm machine gun.
tank, combat, full-tracked, 90-mm gun.[JP 1-02] (DoD) A fully armored combat vehicle providing mobile fire power and crew protection for offensive combat, armed with one 90-mm gun, one 50-caliber machine gun, and one 7.62-mm machine gun. Designated as M48A3.
tank, main battle. A tracked vehicle providing mobile firepower and crew protection for offensive combat.
Tanker Airlift Control Center (TACC). [JP 1-02] (DoD) The Air Mobility Command direct reporting unit responsible for tasking and controlling operational missions for all activities involving forces supporting US Transportation Command's global air mobility mission. The Tanker Airlift Control Center is comprised of the following functions: current operations, command and control, logistics operations, aerial port operations, aeromedical evacuation, flight planning, diplomatic clearances, weather, and intelligence. See also Tanker Airlift Control Element.
Tanker Airlift Control Element (TALCE). [JP 1-02] (DoD) A mobile command and control organization deployed to support strategic and theater air mobility operations at fixed, en route, and deployed locations where air mobility operational support is nonexistent or insufficient. The Tanker Airlift Control Element provides on-site management of air mobility airfield operations to include command and control, communications, aerial port services, maintenance, security, transportation, weather, intelligence, and other support functions, as necessary. The Tanker Airlift Control Element is composed of mission support elements from various units and deploys in support of peacetime, contingency, and emergency relief operations on both planned and "no notice" basis. See also Tanker Airlift Control Center.
tank landing ship. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A naval ship designed to transport and land amphibious vehicles, tanks, combat vehicles, and equipment in amphibious assault. Designated as LST.
tank, main battle. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A tracked vehicle providing mobile firepower and crew protection for offensive combat.
tare weight. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The weight of a container deducted from gross weight to obtain net weight or the weight of an empty container.
target. [JP 1-02] (DoD)
l A geographical area, complex, or installation planned for capture or destruction by military forces.
l In intelligence usage, a country, area, installation, agency, or person against which intelligence operations are directed.
l An area designated and numbered for future firing.
l In gunfire support usage, an impact burst which hits the target.
See also objective area.
target acquisition. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The detection, identification, and location of a target in sufficient detail to permit the effective employment of weapons. See also target analysis.
target analysis. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An examination of potential targets to determine military importance, priority of attack, and weapons required to obtain a desired level of damage or casualties. See also target acquisition.
target approach point. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In air transport operations, a navigational check point over which the final turn into the drop zone/landing zone is made. See also initial point.
target area survey base. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A base line used for the locating of targets or other points by the intersection of observations from two stations located at opposite ends on the line.
target array. A graphic representation of enemy forces, personnel, and facilities in a specific situation, accompanied by a target analysis.
target audience. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) An individual or group selected for influence or attack by means of psychological operations.
target audience description (TAD). 1[TRADOC] A description of the quality and qualifications of the personnel to be trained. They are the job holders. They perform the tasks associated with the specific job. They will operate, maintain, and support a system or equipment, perform critical tasks, and lead the unit. It describes the range of individual qualification and all relevant physical, mental, physiological, biographical, and motivational dimensions. Compare target population description. 2[AAC] The TAD lists occupational identifiers for personnel who are projected to operate, maintain, repair, train, and support a specific future Army system. Further, for each identifier, the TAD provides an information source which will describe the characteristics of the personnel identified. Describing projected system personnel early in the acquisition process increases the Army's flexibility to achieve the best system solution in terms of design, affordability, supportability and performance.
target base line. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A line connecting prime targets along the periphery of a geographic area.
target bearing. [JP 1-02] (DoD)
l true. The true compass bearing of a target from a firing ship.
l relative. The bearing of a target measured in the horizontal from the bow of one's own ship clockwise from 0 degrees to 360 degrees, or from the nose of one's own aircraft in hours of the clock.
target CAP. See target combat air patrol.
target classification. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A grouping of targets in accordance with their threat to the amphibious task force and its component elements: targets not to be fired upon prior to D-day and targets not to be destroyed except on direct orders.
target combat air patrol. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A patrol of fighters maintained over an enemy target area to destroy enemy aircraft and to cover friendly shipping in the vicinity of the target area in amphibious operations. See also combat air patrol.
target complex. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A geographically integrated series of target concentrations. See also target.
target component. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A major element of a target complex or target. It is any machinery, structure, personnel, or other productive asset that contributes to the operation or output of the target complex or target. See also target; target critical damage point.
target concentration. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A grouping of geographically proximate targets. See also target; target complex.
target critical damage point. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The part of a target component that is most vital. Also called critical node. See also target; target component.
target data inventory. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A basic targeting program which provides a standardized target data in support of the requirements of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, military departments, and unified and specified commands for target planning coordination and weapons application.
target date. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The date on which it is desired that an action be accomplished or initiated.
target description. See description of target.
target director post. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A special control element of the tactical air control system. It performs no air warning service but is used to position friendly aircraft over predetermined target coordinates, or other geographical locations, under all weather conditions.
target discrimination. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The ability of a surveillance or guidance system to identify or engage any one target when multiple targets are present.
target dossier. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A file of assembled target intelligence about a specific geographic area.
target folder. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A folder containing target intelligence and related materials prepared for planning and executing action against a specific target.
target intelligence. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Intelligence which portrays and locates the components of a target or target complex and indicates its vulnerability and relative importance.
target list. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The listing of targets maintained and promulgated by the senior echelon of command; it contains those targets that are to be engaged by supporting arms, as distinguished from a "list of targets" that may be maintained by any echelon as confirmed, suspected, or possible targets for informational and planning purposes. See also joint target list; list of targets.
target materials. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Graphic, textual, tabular, digital, video, or other presentations of target intelligence, primarily designed to support operations against designated targets by one or more weapon(s) systems. Target materials are suitable for training, planning, executing, and evaluating military operations. See also Air Target Materials Program.
target of opportunity. [JP 1-02] (DoD)
l A target visible to a surface or air sensor or observer, which is within range of available weapons and against which fire has not been scheduled or requested.
l A nuclear target observed or detected after an operation begins that has not been previously considered, analyzed or planned for a nuclear strike. Generally fleeting in nature, it should be attacked as soon as possible within the time limitations imposed for coordination and warning of friendly troops and aircraft.
target overlay. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A transparent sheet which, when superimposed on a particular chart, map, drawing, tracing or other representation, depicts target locations and designations. The target overlay may also show boundaries between maneuver elements, objectives and friendly forward dispositions.
target pattern. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The flight path of aircraft during the attack phase. Also see attack pattern.
target population (TP). [TR 350-70] The persons for whom the instructional or training materials are designed. Samples from this population are used in evaluating training materials during their development. Also called the target audience.
target population description. A profile of potential candidates for the target training program. This description realistically describes target population’s entry behavior, current skill and knowledge profile, job history, reading grade level, and other pertinent information. See target audience description.
target priority. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A grouping of targets with the indicated sequence of attack.
target range. See range.
Target Recognition and Attack Multisensor (TRAM). A sensor package carried by the A-6 Intruder.
target response (nuclear). [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) The effect on men, material, and equipment of blast, heat, light, and nuclear radiation resulting from the explosion of a nuclear weapon.
target signature. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO)
l The characteristic pattern of a target displayed by detection and identification equipment.
l In naval mine warfare, the variation in the influence field produced by the passage of a ship or sweep.
target stress point. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The weakest point (most vulnerable to damage) on the critical damage point. Also called vulnerable node. See also target critical damage point.
target system. 1[JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) All the targets situated in a particular geographic area and functionally related. 2[JP 1-02] (DoD) A group of targets which are so related that their destruction will produce some particular effect desired by the attacker. See also target complex.
target system component. A set of targets belonging to one or more groups of industries and basic utilities required to produce component parts of an end product such as periscopes, or one type of a series of interrelated commodities, such as aviation gasoline.
targeting. [JP 1-02] (DoD)
l The process of selecting targets and matching the appropriate response to them, taking account of operational requirements and capabilities.
l The analysis of enemy situations relative to the commander's mission, objectives, and capabilities at the commander's disposal, to identify and nominate specific vulnerabilities that, if exploited, will accomplish the commander's purpose through delaying, disrupting, disabling, or destroying enemy forces or resources critical to the enemy.
See also joint targeting coordination board.
task. [TR 350-70] A clearly defined and measurable activity accomplished by individuals and organizations. It is the lowest behavioral level in a job or unit that is performed for its own sake. It must be specific; usually has a definite beginning and ending; may support or be supported by other tasks; has only one action and, therefore, is described using only one verb; generally is performed in a relatively short time (however, there may be no time limit or there may be a specific time limit); and it must be observable and measurable. The task title must contain an action verb and object and may contain a qualifier. Types:
l collective task. A clearly defined, discrete, and measurable activity, action, or event (i.e., task) which requires organized team or unit performance and leads to accomplishment of a mission or function. A collective task is derived from unit missions or higher level collective tasks. Task accomplishment requires performance of procedures composed of supporting collective or individual tasks. A collective task describes the exact performance a group must perform in the field under actual operational conditions.
l common task.
l common skill level task. An individual task performed by every soldier in a specific skill level regardless of MOS or branch., e.g., a task performed by all captains.
l common soldier task. An individual task performed by all soldiers, regardless of rank. Example: All soldiers must be able to perform the task, "Perform mouth-to-mouth Resuscitation."
Note: There are common soldier tasks that apply to all Army civilian employees as well, e.g., Maintain security of classified information and material.
l critical task. A collective or individual task a unit or individual must perform to accomplish their mission and duties and to survive in the full range of Army operations. Critical tasks must be trained. Types of tasks that can be identified as critical include:
l collective task.
l common skill level task
l common soldier task.
l individual task
l shared task
l individual task. The lowest behavioral level in a job or duty that is performed for its own sake. It should support a collective task; it usually supports another individual task. Individual tasks include –
l common soldier task.
l leader task.
l common skill level task.
l organizational level task
l organizational level task. Common skill level task shared by other skill levels, e.g., company captains and first sergeants may perform the same tasks.
l shared task.
l organizational: See task: organizational level task.
l shared individual task: An individual task performed by soldiers from different jobs and/or different skill or organizational levels. Shared tasks are usually identified when conducting an analysis of a specific job. Example: The lieutenant and sergeant in the same platoon perform some of the same tasks.
l shared collective task: A shared collective task is a collective task that applies to or is performed by more than one type unit, e.g., to units which have different proponents or to different echelon/TOE units within a single proponent’s authority. Since the task, conditions, standards, task steps, and performance measures of shared collective tasks do not change, the collective task is trained and performed in the same way by all units that share the task.
task analysis. The systematic process of collecting and examining data describing collective and individual performance requirements. A needs analysis is usually the start of the process. This prompts analysis of unit missions, MOS, and specific duty assignments or positions supported by a training program. A task analysis ensures the accurate description of collective tasks and duty positions, and defines conditions and standards of task performance. It also provides data and information for determining the criticality of training. The process results in a list of critical tasks and performance standards.
task attribute. A trait of an activity that is conducive to communication through a defined sensory mode. Examples of attributes include tactile, olfactory, visual, aural, color, motion, and interactivity.
task component. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A subdivision of a fleet, task force, task group, or task unit, organized by the respective commander or by higher authority for the accomplishment of specific tasks.
task condition. See condition.
task delay tolerance. [TR 350-70] An individual critical task selection factor. A measure of how much delay can be tolerated between the time the need for task performance becomes evident and the time actual performance must begin.
task description. Textual information presented in column, outline, decision table, or timeline format that describes the required job behavior at the highest level of generality. Intended to provide an overview of the total performance.
task description worksheet. A tool used to document specific task factors including training factors, stimuli, subtasks, steps and activities, standards of performance, and job aids.
task element. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A component of a naval task unit organized by the commander of a task unit or higher authority.
task fidelity. The degree of correspondence of cues and responses accompanying task performance on a training device to those characteristics of analogous performance on the operational system/ equipment.
task fleet. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A mobile command consisting of ships and aircraft necessary for the accomplishment of a specific major task or tasks which may be of a continuing nature.
task force. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO)
l A temporary grouping of units, under one commander, formed for the purpose of carrying out a specific operation or mission.
l Semi-permanent organization of units, under one commander, formed for the purpose of carrying out a continuing specific task.
l A component of a fleet organized by the commander of a task fleet or higher authority for the accomplishment of a specific task or tasks.
See also force.
task group. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A component of a naval task force organized by the commander of a task force or higher authority.
task inventory. List that itemizes all of the tasks that make up a selected duty. Syn. job task inventory (JTI). Also called total task inventory.
task learning difficulty. [TR 350-70] An individual critical task selection factor. A statistical rating collected when conducting job analysis that indicates the time, effort, and assistance required by a student to achieve performance proficiency.
task limits. The cues in a job situation that mark the beginning and ending points of the task (also known as limits or boundaries).
task order. Task order is an acquisition term meaning an order for services placed against an established contract or with Government sources.
task organization. [JP 1-02] (DoD)
l In the Navy, an organization which assigns to responsible commanders the means with which to accomplish their assigned tasks in any planned action.
l An organization table pertaining to a specific naval directive.
task performance measures. See performance measures.
task performance specifications. [TR 350-70] The specifications that describe how the task is actually performed, under what conditions it is performed, and how well the individual must perform it. They are the task performance details needed to establish the individual training strategy and to design and develop follow-on training. The specifications are –
l Task title.
l Task number.
l Task performance standard.
l Task performance condition.
l Task performance steps.
l supporting skills and knowledge for each performance step.
l references required for performance step.
l safety factors, hazards, and considerations associated with for each performance step.
l environmental factors and considerations associated with for each performance step.
l equipment and materials required to perform the performance step.
l supporting individual task(s) performed as part of or in support of the individual task being analyzed.
l Performance measures.
l Supported individual task(s).
l Supported collective task(s).
l Army Universal task List (AUTL) supported task.
task performance steps. [TR 350-70] The major procedures (i.e., actions) a unit must accomplish to perform a critical collective task to standard. They –
l Describe the procedure the task performer(s) must take to perform the task under operational conditions.
l Provide sufficient information for task performer(s) to perform the procedure. (May necessitate identification of supporting steps, procedures, or actions in outline form.)
l Can be another collective task or an individual (leader) task (if a collective task step).
task proponent. See training/TD (task) proponent.
task reinforced . [TR 350-70] Task (identified in a lesson plan) for which the lesson provides refresher training. Task has been completely trained in a previous lesson.
task selection board (TSB). [TR 350-70] A management device which serves a quality control function in critical task selection. The board, composed mainly of subject matter experts, reviews the total task inventory and job performance data and recommends tasks for approval to the appropriate authority as critical tasks.
task selection factors. [TR 350-70] A statistical factor collected by survey on all tasks listed in the individual total task inventory. These factors are applied by using a task selection model to identify which individual tasks are critical to job performance. See task selection models.
task selection models. [TR 350-70] A model used to apply statistically valid task selection data to identify critical individual tasks. There are a variety of models available for use. Those commonly used are as follows:
l difficulty-importance-frequency model. An individual critical task selection model that considers difficulty, importance, and frequency factors.
l eight-factor model. An individual critical task selection model that considers percent performing, percent time spent performing, consequence of inadequate performance, task delay tolerance, frequency of performance, task learning difficulty, probability of deficient performance, and immediacy of performance.
l four-factor model. An individual critical task selection model that considers percent performance, and task learning difficulty.
l probability of task criticality model. An individual critical task selection model used by the Occupational Data, Analysis, Requirements, and Structure (ODARS) Program.
l training emphasis (TE) model. An individual critical task selection model that uses the TE factor to determine task criticality. The TE factor is collected from supervisors of job holders. It reflects how much emphasis the task should have for training. The TE is the most useful factor for critical task selection.
task standard. A statement of how well a task must be performed. Task standards establish the criteria for how well the task must be performed. The standard must describe the minimal acceptable level of task performance. See standard; standard of performance; and standards statement.
task statement. A written description of task performance that contains an action verb, an object, and the conditions under which the task is performed and the standard that the performance must meet.
task step. See task performance steps.
task summary. [TR 350-70] A listing in the soldiers' training publications of the task performance specifications, to include conditions, standards, and performance measures, references, and proponent for each individual critical task. Information is extracted from the individual critical task analysis. See task performance specifications.
l reference-dependent task summary. A summary written for those tasks which require the trained soldier to refer to one or more publications while performing all or part of a task in wartime conditions.
l reference-independent task summary. A summary written for those tasks which require the trained soldier to perform the task in wartime conditions from memory, without reference to any publications.
task supported. [TR 350-70] Task identified in a lesson plan as being supported by instruction in that lesson, i.e., the lesson provides initial training for one or more of the performance steps, skills, or knowledge of the supported task.
task taught. [TR 350-70] Task (identified in a lesson plan) that the lesson either –
l Completely trains to standard or
l Results in the complete training of the task to standard following partial training of the task in previous lessons.
task unit. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A component of a naval task group organized by the commander of a task group or higher authority.
task-based training. [TR 350-70] Training developed and implemented to train units and individuals to perform critical tasks and supporting skills and knowledge to established performance standards. Critical tasks focus training on what really needs to be trained.
task-linked functions. Functions that must be entered in relation to the procedure to which they are linked. They require either two records to bracket the procedure such as time performance and turning off a program-linked function for a particular segment or only one record such as a branch to a particular lesson, depending on an earlier user input.
task-organizing. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The act of designing an operating force, support staff, or logistics package of specific size and composition to meet a unique task or mission. Characteristics to examine when task-organizing the force include, but are not limited to: training, experience, equipage, sustainability, operating environment, enemy threat, and mobility.
TASS training battalions. [TR 350-70] The training institution of both the ARNG (state military academies, National Guard Bureau (NGB) Regional NCOA/Schools, etc.) and USAR (US Army Reserve Forces Schools/USARC NCOA, etc.). TASS school battalions comprise all NCOAs and schools of the Reserve Component.
taxiway. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A specially prepared or designated path on an airfield for the use of taxiing aircraft.
taxonomy. A system for categorizing things in a hierarchical order.
taxonomy of educational objectives. A systematic classification scheme for sorting learning outcomes into three broad categories (e.g., cognitive, affective, and psychomotor) and rank ordering these outcomes in a developmental hierarchy from least complex to most complex.
TD (task) proponent. The organization designated to exercise supervisory management and development of all combat/training development aspects of a materiel system, functional area, or task. See proponent school.
TEA proponent. [TR 350-32] End beneficiary and user (e.g., HQDA, HQ TRADOC, TRADOC MSC, service school) establishing requirements for the traininmg effectiveness analysis study.
TEA sponsor. [TR 350-32] The highest level TRADOC organization (e.g., DCST, MSC, service school) establishing the requirement for the training effectiveness analysis.
teaching point. The smallest increment of information to which a student may be expected to respond; a statement of fact or a procedural step in the performance of a task; the precise information you want the student to know or to which they should respond.
team. [TR 350-70] A group of people who function together to perform a mission or collective task.
Team Pack. Noncomm Intercept System (AN/MSQ103).
team scheduling. The ability to form teams of students (two or more) at any time in the learning sequence when the required number of individuals are ready to perform a team task.
team task. Tasks that require two or more individuals to perform separate functions simultaneously.
team teaching. [TR 350-70] The coordinated efforts of two or more instructors working together in an instructional situation.
team trainer. A training device that takes personnel trained and qualified in their individual skill specialties and trains them together to perform as a team (e.g., aircraft weapon system trainer, artillery unit, and satellite crew).
team training. [TR 350-70] The training of selected individuals, not necessarily from the same organization, to function together as a team.
teaming. [DSMC] An agreement of two or more firms to form a partnership or joint venture to act as a potential prime contractor; or an agreement by a potential prime contractor to act as a subcontractor under a specified acquisition program; or an agreement for a joint proposal resulting from a normal prime contractor-subcontractor, licensee-licenser, or leader company relationship.
TeamMate. Comm Intercept system (TRQ32V).
TEAMS. Tactical EA6B Mission Planning System.
tear line. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A physical line on an intelligence message or document which separates categories of information that have been approved for foreign disclosure and release. Normally, the intelligence below the tear line is that which has been previously cleared for disclosure or release.
technical analysis. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) In imagery interpretation, the precise description of details appearing on imagery.
technical architecture (TA). 1[TR 5-11] A minimal set of rules governing the arrangement, interaction and interdependence of the parts or elements that together may be used to form an information system, and whose purpose is to insure that a conformant system satisfies a specified set of requirements. 2[TP 71-9] TA is comparable to a building code, not telling you what to build (OA), nor how to build (SA), but rather delineating the standards to build to and to pass inspection. The TA identifies a framework of standards and includes top level system specifications and architectural diagrams for technical interface specifications.
technical architecture framework for information management (TAFIM). 1[CJCSI 6212.01A] The TAFIM provides guidance for the evolution of the DoD technical infrastructure. The TAFIM does not provide a specific system architecture. Rather, it provides the services, standards, design concepts, components, and configurations that can be used to guide the development of technical architectures that meet specific mission requirements. 2[TP 71-9] Identifies information technology standards that promote interoperability, portability, and scalability. 3[DSMC] The single technical architecture framework for DoD. It provides the vision, guidance, and general strategy for the evolution of the DoD information systems and their technical architectures to an open systems environment with the attributes of interoperability, portability, and scalability. The TAFIM embodies a common conceptual framework, defines a common vocabulary, and specifies a base of technical standards that permits DoD Components to better coordinate DoD information systems development, acquisition, and support.
technical assistance. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The providing of advice, assistance, and training pertaining to the installation, operation, and maintenance of equipment.
technical characteristics. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Those characteristics of equipment which pertain primarily to the engineering principles involved in producing equipment possessing desired military characteristics, e.g., for electronic equipment, technical characteristics include such items as circuitry, and types and arrangement of components.
technical data. Recorded information, regardless of form or characteristics, of a scientific or technical nature. It may, for example, document research, experimental, developmental, or engineering work. It may be used to define a design or process or to acquire, support, maintain or operate materiel. The data may be graphic or pictorial delineation in media such as drawings or photographs, text in specifications, related performance or design type documents, or computer printouts. For purposes of this document, examples of technical data include research and engineering data, engineering drawings and associated lists, specifications, standards, process sheets, technical reports, catalog item identifications and related information, documentation related to computer software, and computer-generated databases. Technical data does not include computer software or financial, administrative, cost and pricing, and management data, or other information incidental to contract administration.
technical data package (TDP). [DSMC] A technical description of an item adequate for supporting an acquisition strategy, production, engineering, and logistics support (LS). The description defines the required design configuration and procedures to ensure adequacy of item performance. It consists of all applicable technical data such as drawings, associated lists, specifications, standards, performance requirements, quality assurance provisions, and packaging details. One of the traditional LS elements.
technical data package management plan (TDPMP). A TDPMP identifies the overall concept to be used for acquiring a technical data package (TDP). The TDPMP details the specific uses that a TDP will acquired to support, identifies the funding required to acquire the TDP, and spells out the detailed financial plan to acquire the TDP. Delivery mile-stones are also identified.
technical data rights. [DSMC] See rights in technical data.
technical documentation (TECDOC). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Visual information documentation (with or without sound as an integral documentation component) of an actual event made for purposes of evaluation. Typically, technical documentation contributes to the study of human or mechanical factors, procedures, and processes in the fields of medicine, science, logistics, research, development, test and evaluation, intelligence, investigations, and armament delivery. See also visual information documentation.
technical escort. [JP 1-02] (DoD) An individual technically qualified and properly equipped to accompany designated material requiring a high degree of safety or security during shipment.
technical evaluation. [DSMC] The study, investigations, or test and evaluation by a developing agency to determine the technical suitability of materiel, equipment, or a system, for use in the military services. See developmental test and evaluation (DTE). See also operational evaluation.
technical evaluation of premaster videotape. A standard evaluation of the premaster videotape to ensure it meets the minimum stated specifications required to produce an effective videodisk.
technical feasibility testing (TFT). TFT is the technical testing conducted prior to Milestone I or Milestone I/II to assist in determining safety and establishing system performance specifications and feasibility.
technical independent evaluator. This is a command or agency independent of the project manager or developing major subordinate command that conducts technical independent evaluations of Army systems; normally AMSAA or TECOM.
technical information. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Information, including scientific information, which relates to research, development, engineering, test, evaluation, production, operation, use, and maintenance of munitions and other military supplies and equipment.
technical intelligence (TECHINT). 1[JP 1-02] (DoD) Intelligence derived from exploitation of foreign materiel, produced for strategic, operational, and tactical level commanders. Technical intelligence begins when an individual service member finds something new on the battlefield and takes the proper steps to report it. The item is then exploited at successively higher levels until a countermeasure is produced to neutralize the adversary's technological advantage. See also intelligence; scientific and technical intelligence. 2[JP 1] (NATO) Intelligence concerning foreign technology developments, and the performance and operational capabilities of foreign materiel, which have or may eventually have a practical application for military purposes.
technical interface. [CJCSI 6212.01A] The functional, electrical, and physical characteristics necessary to allow the exchange of information across an interface between different C4I systems or equipment. Includes Technical Interface Standards.
technical management (TM). [DSMC] Technical management is a broad term including the management of a totally integrated effort of system engineering (including hardware and software), test and evaluation (T&E), and production and logistics support over the system life cycle. Its goal is timely deployment of an effective system, sustaining it, and satisfying the need at an affordable cost. TM includes, but is not limited to system/product definition process (establishing baseline); design engineering; systems engineering (putting pieces together); computer resources; software management; development T&E; operational T&E; reliability, availability and maintainability; product improvements; transition from development to production; total quality management; standardization and specifications; configuration management; producibility; manufacturing process and controls; system or product disposal; and preplanned product improvements. TM involves balancing a system's cost, schedule, effectiveness, and supportability.
technical management plan (TMP). [DSMC] A contractor's plan for the conduct and management of the effort required to satisfy the requirements in the request for proposal, contract schedule, statement of work/objectives, and/or specification.
technical manual (TM). 1A publication that contains instructions for the installation, operation, maintenance, training, and support of a weapon system, weapon system component, or support equipment. Information may be presented in any form or characteristic, including but not limited to hard printed copy, audio and visual displays, magnetic tape, disks, and other electronic devices. TMs normally include operational and maintenance instructions, parts lists or parts breakdown, and related technical information or procedures excluding administrative procedures. Technical orders (TOs) that meet the criteria of this definition may also be classified as TMs. See electronic publication and technical order (TO). 2[TR 350-70] A publication which describes equipment, weapons, or weapons systems with instructions for effective use. It may include sections for instructions covering initial preparation for use and operational maintenance and overhaul.
technical manual verification.[TR 350-70] The Army's effort to ensure TMs are useable by the intended target audience. Hands-on performance of the procedures presented in the TM is the preferred method of verification. Preferably target audience soldiers will perform the verification. See technical manual.
technical operational intelligence (TOPINT). [JP 1-02] (DoD) A Defense Intelligence Agency initiative to provide enhanced scientific and technical intelligence to the commanders of unified commands and their subordinates through a closed loop system involving all service and Defense Intelligence Agency scientific and technical intelligence centers. Through a system manager in the National Military Joint Intelligence Center, the technical operational intelligence program provides timely collection, analysis, and dissemination of area of responsibility specific scientific and technical intelligence to combatant commanders and their subordinates for planning, training, and executing joint operations.
technical order (TO). May be classified as technical manuals when it is determined that they meet the criteria of the definition for technical manuals. See technical manual (TM).
technical orders. Military regulations which deal with the specific nature of technical materials and equipment.
technical performance measurement (TPM). [DSMC] Describes all the activities undertaken by the government to obtain design status beyond that treating schedule and cost. A TPM manager is defined as the product design assessment which estimates, through tests the values of essential performance parameters of the current design of work breakdown structure product elements. It forecasts the values to be achieved through the planned technical program effort, measures differences between achieved values and those allocated to the product element by the system engineering process, and determines the impact of these differences on system effectiveness.
technical review authority. [JP 1-02] (DoD) The organization tasked to provide specialized technical or administrative expertise to the primary review authority or coordinating review authority for joint publications. See also coordinating review authority; joint publication; primary review authority.
technical risk. [DSMC] The risk that arises from activities related to technology, design and engineering, manufacturing, and the critical technical processes of test, production, and logistics.
technical specification. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) A detailed description of technical requirements stated in terms suitable to form the basis for the actual design development and production processes of an item having the qualities specified in the operational characteristics. See also operational characteristics.
technical supply operations. [JP 1-02] (DoD) Operations performed by supply units or technical supply elements of supply and maintenance units in acquiring, accounting for, storing, and issuing Class II and IV items needed by supported units and maintenance activities.
technical surveillance countermeasures (TCSM). [JP 1-02] (DoD) Includes techniques and measures to detect and neutralize a wide variety of hostile penetration technologies that are used to obtain unauthorized access to classified and sensitive information. Technical penetrations include the employment of optical, electro-optical, electromagnetic, fluidics, and acoustic means, as the sensor and transmission medium, or the use of various types of stimulation or modification to equipment or building components for the direct or indirect transmission of information meant to be protected. See also counterintelligence.
technical survey. [JP 1-02] (DoD) A complete electronic and physical inspection to ascertain that offices, conference rooms, war rooms, and other similar locations where classified information is discussed are free of monitoring systems. See also sweep.
technical test(ing) (TT). 1TT is a generic term which encompasses technical feasibility tests, development tests, qualification tests, joint development tests, and contractor and foreign tests. (See AR 70-10.) 2Testing of materiel systems conducted by the materiel developer to demonstrate that the design risks have been minimized, that the engineering development process is complete, that the system will meet specifications, and to estimate the system’s military utility when it is introduced. TT is conducted in factory, laboratory, and proving ground environments.
technical training. Training in specific skills and knowledge essential to performance of those tasks and duties related to a technical specialty.
technique of delivery. [TR 350-70] Process or manner of delivering instruction that includes one or more methods. For example, group-paced instruction could use conference, discussion, demonstration, and practical exercise. A technique of delivery may involve a whole course, a phase, or a module.
techniques. [TR 350-70] The general and detailed methods used by troops and/or commanders to perform assigned missions and functions. Specifically, the methods of using equipment and personnel. Example: A tactic of covering an obstacle with direct and indirect fires may be executed by placing machine guns on the flanks to place direct fire down the length of the obstacle, and using mortars to place indirect fire on the obstacle. Both types of fire can be shifted beyond the obstacle to cut off withdrawal of as opposing force.
technology. [TP 71-9] The application of science to achieve an objective or develop a new skill.
technology base. [DSMC] The development efforts in basic and applied research. The Army’s science and technology base consists of funding categories for research, exploratory development, and non system advanced development.
technology integration steering committee (TISC). TISC is a decision body that considers high pay-off materiel concepts for transition to the proof of principle phase. The TISC also provides an early focus of high pay-off battlefield system concepts which exploit breakthrough technology.
technology modernization. [DSMC] The coupling of modernization with the implementation of advanced manufacturing technology by providing incentives for contractor (and subcontractor) capitalization.
telecommunication. [JP 1-02] (DoD, NATO) Any transmission, emission, or reception of signs, signals, writings, images, sounds, or information of any nature by wire, radio, visual, or other electromagnetic systems.