chapter 7 -- Reduction Years

RESIDUAL LEVELS

After the 40-month reduction period, how had the situation in Europe changed? What remained? Tables 7-3 and 7-4 list the holdings of TLE declared by each state at the end of the reduction period. They also show the net change in holdings from July 17, 1992, to November 17, 1995. The change was significant. The two groups of states' combined decrease was 64,854 pieces of TLE: the Eastern nations were down by 37,482 pieces while the NATO states dropped 27,372 items.

Both groups were below the treaty's ceilings in each TLE category. Several states, such as Turkey, showed increases in equipment because their national ceilings, agreed upon within their group of states, were higher than their holdings, allowing them to increase their forces through purchases or cascading.

	Tanks		ACVs		Artillery		Aircraft		Helicopters		Totals
	Declared Nov 95	Decrease From EIF	Declared Nov 95	Decrease From EIF	Declared Nov 95	Decrease From EIF	Declared Nov 95	Decrease From EIF	Declared Nov 95	Decrease From EIF	Declared Nov 95	Decrease From EIF
Belgium	334	28	704	679	316	62	169	33	46	+38	1,569	764
Canada	0	76	0	136	6	26	0	28	0	0	6	266
Denmark	343	156	303	13	552	1	75	31	12	0	1,285	201
France	1,289	46	3,556	831	1,251	185	667	28	317	49	7,080	1,139
Germany	3,061	4,109	2,679	6,420	2,056	2,679	578	462	225	31	8,599	13,701
Greece	1,735	236	2,324	+892	1,878	97	489	+34	6	+6	6,432	+599
Iceland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	1,162	70	2.986	788	1,939	74	524	18	137	39	6,748	989
Luxembourg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	734	179	1,002	443	580	257	182	+6	0	90	2,498	963
Norway	170	35	203	+79	246	298	75	14	0	0	694	268
Portugal	174	+28	367	+87	320	34	105	+13	0	0	966	+94
Spain	630	228	1,199	24	1,210	158	188	+10	28	0	3,255	400
Turkey	2,608	400	2,450	+391	3,125	+18	387	+27	20	+9	8,590	+45
United Kingdom	662	497	2,574	632	536	+2	640	117	342	47	4,754	1,291
United States	1,254	3,909	2,238	2,725	854	1,119	222	176	150	199	4,718	8,128
TOTAL	14,156	9,941	22,585	11,242	14,869	4,970	4,301	817	1,283	402	57,194	27,372
Bloc Authorized TLE Levels	20,000		30,000		20,000		6,800		2,000		78,800

Source:"Fact file: Final Weapons Reductions Under the CFE Treaty," Arms Control Today, December 1995/January 1996.

	Tanks		ACVs		Artillery		Aircraft		Helicopters		Total
	Declared Nov 95	Decrease From EIF	Declared Nov 95	Decrease From EIF	Declared Nov 95	Decrease From EIF	Declared Nov 95	Decrease From EIF	Declared Nov 95	Decrease From EIF	Declared Nov 95	Decrease From EIF
Armenia	102	N/A	285	N/A	225	N/A	6	N/A	7	N/A	625	N/A
Azerbaijan	285	+151	835	+722	343	+217	58	+43	18	+9	1,539	+1,142
Belarus	2,320	1,137	2,984	840	1,533	29	335	55	79	+3	7,251	2,058
Bulgaria	1,475	794	1,985	247	1,750	404	235	100	44	0	5,489	1,545
Czech Republic	953	850	1,363	1,152	767	956	187	41	36	1	3,306	3,000
Georgia	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Hungary	835	510	1,540	191	840	207	144	+1	59	+20	3,418	887
Kazakstan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova	0	0	209	+111	155	+47	27	3	0	0	391	+155
Poland	1,720	1,130	1,516	880	1,581	734	400	109	92	+62	5,309	2,791
Romania	1,375	1,592	2,073	1,098	1,471	2,471	373	135	16	+1	5,308	5,295
Russia	5,492	3,846	10,372	9,027	5,680	2,646	2,986	1,638	826	179	25,356	17,336
Slovak Republic	478	423	683	575	383	478	114	0	19	0	1,677	1,476
Ukraine	4,026	2,102	4,919	1,784	3,727	+136	1,008	640	270	1	13,950	4,391
TOTAL	19,061	12,223	28,764	14,961	18,455	7,525	5,873	2,677	1,466	86	73,619	37,482
Bloc Authorized TLE Levels	20,000		30,000		20,000		6,800		2,000		78,800

Source: "Fact file: Final Weapons Reduction Under the CFE Treaty," Arms Control Today, December 1995/January1996.

The total decrease in TLE was not entirely the result of treaty reductions or a need to fulfill treaty-obligated reductions. While the United States fulfilled its reduction obligations, it also withdrew many of its forces from Europe for political and economic reasons. Some nations--Russia, Poland, Ukraine--reduced TLE beyond their required liabilities for economic reasons. Other nations exported small quantities of weapons.

Iceland and Luxembourg were signatories but held no TLE, so they reported none. Georgia and Armenia made no declaration at entry into force, and Georgia did not make a declaration in November 1995. Both were involved in fighting during the period and disputed total numbers of items attributed to them from the Tashkent agreement.