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IML-1 and IML-2

Germany also provided national life sciences experiments for IML-1 and IML-2. Radiation and gravitational sensitivity effects were studied on both missions while IML-1 also investigated cell cultivation and bioprocessing. Specific experiments on IML-2 included DARA's Slow Rotating Centrifuge Microscope and DLR's Biostack. The German COSIMA (Crystallization of Organic Substances in Microgravity Application) experiments have flown on both Chinese FSW and Russian Resurs-F recoverable capsules. Meanwhile, DLR's EXPRESS and Kayser-Threde's Biopan facilities are designed to make microgravity research, including life sciences, more affordable and more available.

Sources and Resources

• Adapted from: Europe and Asia in Space 1993-1994, Nicholas Johnson and David Rodvold [Kaman Sciences / Air Force Phillips Laboratory]

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