Japan recently has operated three types of Earth observation systems: one for meteorology, one for oceanography, and one for general remote sensing. Although no new missions in any of these programs were conducted in 1993-1994, two of the networks remained active, while the third was degraded by the end of 1994. Japan is poised to enter a new era of advanced Earth observations now that the H-II launch vehicle is operational. At least four new types of spacecraft are scheduled for launch by the turn of the century.