0602782A Command, Control, Communications Technology

Mission Description and Budget Item Justification: Faced with an increasing responsibility for meeting contingencies worldwide, field commanders must be capable at short notice of providing battlefield communications to and from virtually any place on earth. The communications technology project (AH92) explores the development of those advanced communications technologies required to provide a worldwide communications capability. The objective of the command/control (C2) and platform electronics technology project (A779) is to expand scientific knowledge for demonstration of state-of-the-art technologies, including command/control and electronic systems/subsystems, performance reliability, maintainability, safety, survivability, and man-machine interface for all Army air and ground platforms, including soldier systems and equipment. Development of an infrastructure that will allow timely distribution, display and use of C2 data on Army platforms will lead to greater battlefield functional capabilities, survivability and total integration into the digitized battlefield. Work in this program element is consistent with the Army Science and Technology Master Plan (ASTMP), the Army Modernization Plan, and Project Reliance. Work in this program element is related to and fully coordinated with efforts in PE 0603006A (Command, Control and Communications Advanced Technology), PE 0602783A (Computer and Software Technology) and PE 0603734A (Military Engineering Advanced Technology). It includes non-system specific development efforts pointed toward specific military needs and therefore is appropriate to Budget Activity 2. Work in this program element is performed primarily by the Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center (CERDEC), Fort Monmouth, NJ.

	COST (In Thousands)	FY 1996 Actual	FY 1997 Estimate	FY 1998 Estimate	FY 1999 Estimate	FY 2000 Estimate	FY 2001 Estimate	FY 2002 Estimate	FY 2003 Estimate	Cost to Complete	Total Cost
AH92	Communications Technology	8526	7863	9254	9925	9893	10251	10469	10696	Continuing	Continuing

A. Mission Description and Justification: The exploratory development efforts in this project focus on developing and leveraging/adapting commercial communications technologies required to meet the information needs of the Force XXI battlefield. Several of the efforts also provide supporting technology for the Digital Battlefield Communications Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD), the Battlefield Information Transmission (BITS) strategy and several other ATDs. Key technologies being addressed include: the adaptation and implementation of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switching technology in a hostile mobile environment, the adaptation and interface with commercial Personal Communications Technology, development of realistic models for emerging communications systems in dynamic field environments, the development and application of several tactical antenna technologies, the development of photonic controls for phased array antennas, and the development of solutions to address problems associated with implementation of Mobile internet protocol (IP) spread across different IP nets. These efforts also directly support the Information Systems and Technology Defense Technology Objectives outlined in the Defense Technology Area Plan and the Advanced Battlespace Information Systems study.

FY 1996 Accomplishments:

	4399	- Continued development of a broadcast ATM capability and monitoring and control function for mobile networks. Developed hierarchical video routing gateway to translate signaling between ATM and IP networks.
		- Developed prototype UHF conformal structurally embedded reconfigurable antenna technology (SERAT) antenna for aircraft application. Continued experimental development of structure tuned antenna switches.
		- Demonstrated prototype 16-element photonic integrated phase and amplitude controller (IPAC) for phased array antenna control. Initiated development of optical phase locked loop transmitter for optically controlled phased array antennas.
	4127	- Demonstrated validity of improved spectrum efficiency modeling as it supports wide band data radios and high capacity trunk radio systems design and planning.
		- Developed and demonstrated prototype personal communications system (PCS) wireless private branch exchange (PBX) for support of digital battlefield communications ATD.
		- Developed range extension test bed and a tracking and reporting system (TRS).
		- Experimented with integration of a surrogate digital radio (SDR) in an aircraft platform and demonstrated color video routing.
Total	8526

FY 1997 Planned Program:

3848

- Complete development of optical phase locked loop (OPLL) transmitter for optically controlled phased array antennas. Demonstrate OPLL module and IPAC in 16-element Optically Controlled Phased Array Antenna.

FY 1997 Planned Program: (continued)

		- Develop software for modeling communication systems for high capacity transmission on-the-move in a battlefield environment.
		- Demonstrate advanced wireless PBX technology.
		- Initiate development of a next generation PCS capability for the dismounted soldier by adapting commercial cellular code division multiple access (CDMA) and wide CDMA (W-CDMA) technology.
	4015	- Demonstrate hierarchical video routing between ATM and IP multicast networks, and integrate broadcast protocol with the radio access point.
		- Continue SERAT conformal antenna development/evaluation for helicopter application. Demonstrate optically activated antenna switch.
		- Continue development of range extension and testing in conjunction with digital battlefield communications radio access point and high capacity trunk radio programs.
		- Initiate technology development in support of C2 protect for information operations (IO), focusing on protection and detection of network attacks to the tactical internet.
Total	7863

FY 1998 Planned Program:

	3499	- Develop solutions to address problems of mobile IP hosts spread across different IP nets in hostile environments. Analyze mobile ATM and resource allocation in mixed (ATM/IP/narrow integrated services digital network (N-ISDN)) networks.
		- Integrate and evaluate/demonstrate a SERAT conformal antenna in a UH-60 configuration. Demonstrate a broadband antenna technology (2MHz-2GHz) for SpeakEasy applications. Initiate super high frequency (SHF) on the move (OTM) antenna positioner/tracker development and develop element topology for structure tuned VHF antenna.
	2965	- Initiate development of the final integrated photonic control system for single/multi panel phased arrays.
		- Initiate efforts to expand the system performance models to include the emerging communications technologies and systems.
	2790	- Implement data protocols in support of next generation soldier PCS.
		- Integrate, evaluate, and demonstrate an end-to-end SHF surrogate satellite system concept. Initiate development of an on-board switching capability for the high capacity relay.
		- Continue technology development for C2 Protect for Information operations (IO) with focus on providing network access protection for the tactical Internet.
		- Enhance commercial PCS systems to provide cellular range extension. Demonstrate advanced networking capabilities using potential future digital radio technology in an airborne configuration
Total	9254

FY 1999 Planned Program:

	3990	-Continue development of solutions to address problems of mobile IP hosts spread across different IP nets in hostile environments. Investigate mobile ATM and resource allocation in mixed (ATM/IP/N-ISDN) networks.
		-Apply SERAT technology to ground environments, and experiment with structure-tuned antenna technology. Evaluate/demonstrate an SHF OTM satellite communications (SATCOM) self steering antenna capability.
	2983	- Complete development of the integrated photonic control system for single/multi panel phased arrays, and integrate/demonstrate on a single panel phased array antenna.
		- Continue efforts to expand the system performance models and provide virtual communications systems models that support man-in-the-loop evaluations.
	2952	- Demonstrate peer to peer CDMA PCS capability without base stations using handsets with attached host computers (supports next generation soldier PCS).
		- Continue development of protection techniques for the tactical Internet expanding the effort to address intrusion detection and host level protection.
		- Continue experimentation with commercial PCS technology and military backhaul for PCS for the digital battlefield communications advanced technology demonstration. Enhance commercial PCS waveforms to eliminate vulnerabilities.
Total	9925

B. Project Change Summary	FY 1996	FY 1997	FY 1998	FY 1999
FY 1997 President's Budget	8584	8042	9240	9907
Appropriated Value	8830	7863
Adjustments to Appropriated Value	-304
FY 1998 Pres Bud Request	8526	7863	9254	9925

	COST (In Thousands)	FY 1996 Actual	FY 1997 Estimate	FY 1998 Estimate	FY 1999 Estimate	FY 2000 Estimate	FY 2001 Estimate	FY 2002 Estimate	FY 2003 Estimate	Cost to Complete	Total Cost
A779	Command/Control (C2) and Platform Electronics Technology	4604	7113	7584	8255	8227	8524	8705	8892	Continuing	Continuing

A. Mission Description and Justification: The objective of this project is the exploration of new concepts and techniques in command/control and platform electronics integration to achieve new and enhanced military functional capabilities. Emphasis is on mission planning, rehearsal, execution and monitoring, precision navigation and landing, command and control, and integration with the evolving digital battlefield. New enabling technologies which support the current thrusts are also explored, such as advanced controls and displays, voice interactive technology, 3D visualization, decision aids and tactical planning aids, data transfer, distributed data bases advanced open system architectures, and visionic technology and integration concepts, which contribute to digitization of the battlefield and provide command and control on the move. The project serves as a direct technology feed to the following advanced warfighting experiments (AWEs), advanced technology demonstrations (ATDs), advanced concept technology demonstrations (ACTDs) and Defense technology objectives (DTOs): Task Force XXI (TF XXI) and Division (DIV) XXI AWEs, Battlespace Command and Control (BC2) ATD, Rapid Battlefield Visualization ACTD, Battlefield Awareness and Data Dissemination ACTD, Joint Countermine ACTD, Consistent Battlespace Understanding DTO; Forecasting, Planning, and Resource Allocation DTO; and Integrated Force Management DTO.

FY 1996 Accomplishments:

	2240	- Developed and demonstrated GPS/sensor integration technologies, reducing the impact of GPS vulnerabilities.
		- Evaluated proposed improvements to digital terrain model (DTM) technologies via simulation.
		- Implemented alternative GPS satellite selection algorithms and validated performance for on/near ground level application (soldier, ground vehicle, helicopter at nap-of-the-earth).
	2364	- Added environmental features to aircraft mission rehearsal (AMR) (clouds, fog , shadows, etc.), threat information (e.g. threat domes) and other objects as overlays to the real satellite images.
		- Conducted initial multi-sensor (inertial barometric, doppler, GPS) differential GPS precision approach and landing test while operating in the selective availability/anti-spoof (SA/AS) mode.
Total	4604

FY 1997 Planned Program:

	4060	- Integrate improved DTM technology with a precision navigation system with enhanced electronic countermeasure protection.
		- Initiate development of a real-time multi-sensor differential GPS (DGPS) precision approach and landing concept to support operation during periods of temporary loss due to jamming or outages and including a data link to provide both secure and electronic counter-countermeasures capabilities.

FY 1997 Planned Program: (continued)

	3053	- Integrate emerging technologies to demonstrate concepts which significantly enhance battlespace awareness and enable commanders and their staffs to electronically interface to the battlespace in an effective and intuitive manner. Technologies to be integrated include: computer/graphics hardware to support real-time 3D rendering of information; hardware and algorithms to facilitate natural human/machine interfaces [natural language (NL), touch and gestures, and large screen displays]; and software to implement battle planning (BP) functions.
Total	7113

FY 1998 Planned Program:

	3638	- Demonstrate platform positioning accurate to 1-3 meters to enhance situation awareness, in all environments (electronic counter measures, nap of earth (NOE)) with registration to digital terrain modeling. Conduct a technical evaluation of a real-time integrated DGPS/multi-sensor precision approach and landing system.
	3946	- Demonstrate a battlespace planning and visualization system that integrates emerging technologies with existing DoD systems to enhance battlespace awareness and facilitate tactical assessment, forecasting, information visualization, course of action analysis and other critical C2 functions. The resulting system will provide real time planning, rehearsal and monitoring capabilities to commanders, analysts and staff.
Total	7584

FY 1999 Planned Program:

	3179	- Design and develop system configurations and prepare system specifications for the integration of the precision navigation system with visionic technology, imagery database, and terrain databases. Demonstrate to the user community an integrated real-time DGPS/multi-sensor landing system.
	5076	- Develop and demonstrate a battle planning and visualization (BPV) system that integrates multiple existing DoD systems with emerging planning and user interface technologies to enhance all-echelon battlespace awareness. The BPV system will provide real-time/ near real-time hyperlinks to multiple battlefield information sources and innovatively display and interact with commanders and staff to accelerate and improve the commander's nine-step planning process. Forecasting, continuous planning/scheduling, interactive 3-D exploration of the battlespace, voice interaction and other advanced capabilities will be provided and stressed in exercises and field experiments.
Total	8255

B. Project Change Summary	FY 1996	FY 1997	FY 1998	FY 1999
FY 1997 President's Budget	4620	7265	7739	8017
Appropriated Value	4748	7113
Adjustments to Appropriated Value	-144
FY 1998 Pres Bud Request	4604	7113	7584	8255