(U) A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification: This Basic Research program, managed by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), supports
Air Force research efforts comprised of in-house investigations in Air Force laboratories and extramural activities in academia and industry. The program element funds
broad-based scientific and engineering basic research in technologies critical to the Air Force mission. These technologies include aerospace structures, aerodynamics,
materials, propulsion, power, electronics, computer science, directed energy, conventional weapons, life sciences, and atmospheric and space sciences. All projects are
coordinated through the Project Reliance process to harmonize efforts, eliminate duplication, and ensure the most effective use of funds. All technology areas are subject to
long-range research planning and technical review by tri-Service scientific planning groups that interface and support the Defense Technology Area Planning process.
(U) B. Program Change Summary ($ in Thousands):
|
FY 1996 |
FY 1997 |
FY 1998 |
FY 1999 |
Total
Cost | |
| (U) Previous President's Budget | 229,188 | 234,475 | 240,220 | 244,657 | Cont |
| (U) Appropriated Value | 239,978 | 219,475 | |||
| (U) Adjustments to Appropriated Value | |||||
| a. Congressional/General Reductions | -4,677 | -4,392 | |||
| b. SBIR | -3,761 | -4,115 | |||
| c. Omnibus/Other Above Threshold Reprogrammings | -15,017 | -205 | |||
| d. Below Threshold Reprogrammings | -175 | ||||
| (U) Current Budget Submit/FY 1998 PB | 216,348 | 210,763 | 226,832 | 230,210 | Cont |
(U) Change Summary Explanation:
Funding: Changes since the previous President's Budget are due to budget constraints and priorities within the Science and Technology (S&T) Program.
Schedule: Not Applicable.
Technical: Not Applicable.
(U) C. Other Program Funding Summary: Not Applicable.
(U) D. Schedule Profile: Not Applicable.
(U) A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification: This project provides the fundamental knowledge required to conceptualize and develop new Air Force
weapons and also establishes the basis for many technologies critical to the Air Force. Research in physics has an impact on electromagnetic countermeasures, nuclear
weapons effects, communications, and non-destructive and non-intrusive testing and analysis, as well as new materials development. Other technologies affected include
avionics, laser technology, and propulsion research. The primary areas of research supported by this project are Photonic Physics, Optics, Plasma Physics, and Atomic and
Molecular Physics.
(U) FY 1996 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $17,613 | Boosted performance of high-powered microwave (HPM) systems. Found new approaches to small, laser-based ultra stable clocks for navigation and position finding. Found critical physics limitations when imaging through the atmosphere for surveillance or airborne laser applications. Extended enhanced imaging techniques to low light levels and high resolution. Established novel principles for stretched atoms and their application in energy storage. |
| (U) $17,613 | Total |
(U) FY 1997 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $18,503 | Extend existing imaging techniques to the physical limits for monitoring space debris and space assets. Extend power efficiency and harmonic linearity in microwave and millimeter-wave vacuum tubes. Discover new laser media for the window from ultraviolet to the visible. Examine innovative laser-assisted processing techniques for micro-electromechanical devices to be used in microsatellites. |
| (U) $18,503 | Total |
(U) FY 1998 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $20,362 | Redirect program toward physics issues in nonlethal kill and optical image resolution. Continue to support scientific approaches to providing design and performance options in optical countermeasures, high-power microwaves, and space surveillance and targeting precision, which are recognized as being foremost issues for physics research. |
| (U) $20,362 | Total |
(U) FY 1999 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $20,680 | Focus program on unconventional imaging techniques for mostly space-based surveillance applications. Study properties and technological opportunities in contaminated plasma physics and air plasmas. Investigate microelectromechanical devices for micro-satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle applications. Explore opportunities in physics for soft kill with emphasis on destruction of chemical and biological weapons. |
| (U) $20,680 | Total |
(U) B. Program Change Summary ($ in Thousands):
|
FY 1996 |
FY 1997 |
FY 1998 |
FY 1999 |
Total
Cost | |
| (U) Previous President's Budget | 23,179 | 20,574 | 21,070 | 21,473 | Cont |
| (U) Current Budget Submit/FY 1998 PB | 17,613 | 18,503 | 20,362 | 20,680 | Cont |
(U) Change Summary Explanation:
Funding: Changes since the previous President's Budget are due to budget constraints and priorities within the Science and Technology (S&T) Program.
Schedule: Not Applicable.
Technical: Not Applicable.
(U) C. Other Program Funding Summary:
(U) Related Activities:
(U) PE 0602203F, Aerospace Propulsion.
(U) PE 0602601F, Phillips Laboratory.
(U) D. Schedule Profile: Not Applicable.
(U) A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification: This project seeks to develop a fundamental understanding of the behavior of aerospace materials, structures,
and supporting facilities, leading to cost-effective development and safe and reliable operation of superior weapons and defensive systems. Research includes such diverse
topics as the micromechanical design of advanced materials, modeling and simulation of the dynamic behavior of aircraft, missiles, and large space structures, and
technology integration for the performance and survivability enhancement of these systems. This research will result in expanding the fundamental knowledge base to
better understand the mechanics of deformation and damage of aerospace materials and structures. Also, this research will lead to an improved understanding of the
aeroelastic and acoustic behavior of airframe and engine structures, and the dynamic behavior of launch vehicles and space structures.
(U) FY 1996 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $14,341 | Studied the mechanics of metal and composite processing and manufacturing, such as chemical vapor infiltration and deformation forming, including the highly nonlinear and dissipative behavior of material systems undergoing change. Developed models for ceramic-matrix composites subjected to cyclic loading at various frequencies. Continued research into improved non-destructive evaluation techniques for the detection of corrosion and internal damage in aging aircraft structures. |
| (U) $14,341 | Total |
(U) FY 1997 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $14,384 | Develop models for three-dimensionally reinforced composite materials. Continue research of the scaling issues in structural mechanics and develop necessary computational techniques for handling homogenization. Develop a first principles understanding of the behavior of particulate systems and their interaction with the surrounding environment. Begin investigation to understand the fundamental behavior of vibro/acoustic systems and aeroelastic structures. |
| (U) $14,384 | Total |
(U) FY 1998 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $15,608 | Continue to investigate the fracture behavior and thermomechanical behavior of high temperature alloys and composite materials. Obtain quantitative relationships to describe the fundamental mechanics governing the behavior of particulate systems. Examine issues related to dynamics and mechanics of materials at very small scales, as necessary for the development of micro-electromechanical systems. Investigate the fundamental behavior of actuator/structure interaction for control of shell structures in vibro/acoustic environments. Develop a fundamental understanding of the behavior of aeroelastic structures. |
| (U) $15,608 | Total |
(U) FY 1999 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $15,838 | Continue to investigate the fracture behavior and thermomechanical behavior of high temperature alloys and composite materials. Develop models for predicting the dynamic and material behavior of structures for micro-electromechanical systems. Continue to investigate quantitative relationships that describe the fundamental mechanics governing the behavior of particulate systems. Develop models to predict and control the response of shell structures in vibro/acoustic environments. Develop models to predict and control the response of aeroelastic structures. |
| (U) $15,838 | Total |
(U) B. Program Change Summary ($ in Thousands):
|
FY 1996 |
FY 1997 |
FY 1998 |
FY 1999 |
Total
Cost | |
| (U) Previous President's Budget | 14,505 | 15,994 | 16,381 | 16,687 | Cont |
| (U) Current Budget Submit/FY 1998 PB | 14,341 | 14,384 | 15,608 | 15,838 | Cont |
(U) Change Summary Explanation:
Funding: Changes since the previous President's Budget are due to budget constraints and priorities within the Science and Technology (S&T) Program.
Schedule: Not Applicable.
Technical: Not Applicable.
(U) C. Other Program Funding Summary:
(U) Related Activities:
(U) PE 0602102F, Materials.
(U) PE 0602201F, Aerospace Flight Dynamics.
(U) PE 0602202F, Human Systems Technology.
(U) PE 0603211F, Aerospace Structures.
(U) PE 0602203F, Aerospace Propulsion.
(U) D. Schedule Profile: Not Applicable.
(U) A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification: In the chemistry research program, knowledge and understanding is sought in chemical synthesis and
reactivity, polymer chemistry, surface science, and molecular dynamics. The focus is on building the knowledge base required to develop new materials and to improve the
synthesis of existing materials. Specific research focus areas include functional and structural materials, electronic and photonic materials, biomimetic materials,
electromagnetic and conventional weaponry, propellants, and environmentally safer materials. This program conducts novel synthesis and characterization of higher
performance and lower cost nonmetallic and biomimetic materials for application as infrared sensors, and safer, more efficient fire suppressants and deicer/anti-ice
materials, and mechanistic studies of biological corrosion and semiconductor nanolithography. The chemistry program also investigates effects of chemical and
morphological structures on functional and mechanical properties of polymeric materials. The program also explores atomic and molecular surface interactions that can
limit performance of electronic devices, compact power sources, and lubricant materials, and investigates molecular energy release mechanisms and energy storage in
metastable molecular systems to foster advances in laser weapons development and new chemical propellants.
(U) FY 1996 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $28,539 | Developed and demonstrated electrochromic polymers with improved switching speed and stability. Isolated and purified high-activity insect antifreeze protein for application in low-temperature fuels. Developed non-volatile precursor for fire protection agent. Developed new technique for growing large area nonlinear optic films of organic salts. Developed methodology for quantum molecular dynamics simulations. Demonstrated optically-assisted poling technique and materials for microwave modulation in radars. |
| (U) $28,539 | Total |
(U) FY 1997 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $30,560 | Continue research on low-cost biomimetic approaches to improved materials for electronic and electro-optical applications. Expand research on photorefractive polymers. Initiate research on ceramic precursors covering synthesis, processing fundamentals, and precursor/ceramic property relationships. Initiate research in chemical corrosion of aluminum and aluminum alloys. Investigate the effects of solvation and condensed media effects on the chemical synthesis of energetic materials. |
| (U) $30,560 | Total |
(U) FY 1998 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $31,096 | Perform research on biological transduction mechanisms and biomimetic materials for infrared sensors. Study partially compatible polymer blends for structural and functional applications. Explore surface growth and characterization processes of thin films. Investigate chemical processing methods for producing nanophase ceramics and laminated materials. |
| (U) $31,096 | Total |
(U) FY 1999 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $31,764 | Conduct studies on chemical and photochemical deterioration in organic coatings. Address research on long-term durability of polymers. Investigate novel materials for compact power sources for rechargeable systems. Develop and apply methods for simulating molecular energy transfer in extreme aerospace environments. |
| (U) $31,764 | Total |
(U) B. Program Change Summary ($ in Thousands):
|
FY 1996 |
FY 1997 |
FY 1998 |
FY 1999 |
Total
Cost | |
| (U) Previous President's Budget | 30,959 | 34,112 | 34,964 | 35,616 | Cont |
| (U) Current Budget Submit/FY 1998 PB | 28,539 | 30,560 | 31,096 | 31,764 | Cont |
(U) Change Summary Explanation:
Funding: Changes since the previous President's Budget are due to budget constraints and priorities within the Science and Technology (S&T) Program.
Schedule: Not Applicable.
Technical: Not Applicable.
(U) C. Other Program Funding Summary:
(U) Related Activities:
(U) PE 0602102F, Materials.
(U) PE 0602601F, Phillips Laboratory.
(U) D. Schedule Profile: Not Applicable.
(U) A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification: This research focuses on mathematical modeling, simulation, and control of complex systems and provides
analytical and computational methods. Topics include: effective utilization of high-performance computers; control of aerospace systems; models and computational tools
for the design of aircraft, missiles, or other weapons; efficient production of large-scale, well documented computer programs and software; communication and information
theory; signal processing; artificial intelligence in surveillance systems or independent weapons; reliability and maintainability; and the allocation of resources in logistics or
operational activities using ideas from optimization and linear programming theories.
(U) FY 1996 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $28,589 | Investigated the capacity for image enhancement and data storage manipulation to facilitate the transmission of information over limited bandwidths. Transitioned the theory of invariants in vision to efficient automatic object recognition technology. Developed optimal control methods that allow for effective pulse-shaping for high-power microwave. Studied combinations of Artificial Intelligence and Operations Research methods to provide real-time reactive planning strategies. |
| (U) $28,589 | Total |
(U) FY 1997 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $30,828 | Transition theories of student models to efficient computer mediated training. Study methods for managing large amounts of dissimilar information for use on distributed heterogeneous processors to enable real-time battlefield collaboration. Develop evaluation methods that permit the simulation of combustion processes for conventional warhead design problems. |
| (U) $30,828 | Total |
(U) FY 1998 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $34,254 | Pursue research necessary to design and use effectively vision-directed trackers and robust feedback controllers for environments with severely degraded image quality. This research will impact the design of improved trackers for actively illuminated objects through a turbulent atmosphere, as occurs in the airborne laser problem. Investigate computational frameworks enabling robust, efficient multidisciplinary design of complex aerospace systems. Nonlinear control design methods will be examined that permit the design of novel aerospace vehicles with multiple reduced signature effectors. |
| (U) $34,254 | Total |
(U) FY 1999 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $34,859 | Research on computational mathematics will address the development of numerically accurate algorithms to address important issues in drag and heat reduction for hypersonic vehicle technology. Develop algorithms incorporating active control procedures involving magnetohydrodynamics, shock shape modification, and shock shape manipulation. |
| (U) $34,859 | Total |
(U) B. Program Change Summary ($ in Thousands):
|
FY 1996 |
FY 1997 |
FY 1998 |
FY 1999 |
Total
Cost | |
| (U) Previous President's Budget | 31,105 | 34,278 | 35,187 | 35,792 | Cont |
| (U) Current Budget Submit/FY 1998 PB | 28,589 | 30,828 | 34,254 | 34,859 | Cont |
(U) Change Summary Explanation:
Funding: Changes since the previous President's Budget are due to budget constraints and priorities within the Science and Technology (S&T) Program.
Schedule: Not Applicable.
Technical: Not Applicable.
(U) C. Other Program Funding Summary:
(U) Related Activities:
(U) PE 0602201F, Aerospace Flight Dynamics.
(U) PE 0602702F, Command, Control, and Communications.
(U) PE 0603728F, Advanced Computer Technology.
(U) D. Schedule Profile: Not Applicable.
(U) A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification: Research in this project emphasizes electronic devices and systems that enable new Air Force capabilities
such as battle information management systems, countermeasures, sensors, and the more electric aircraft concept. The goals are to increase the data and information
processing speed of electronic systems, to firmly control their complexity and reliability, and to improve the security and reliability of information and data transmission.
Research is conducted in electronic processes which will enable the engineer to model and predict performance of electronic materials, devices, and systems for high-speed
digital and analog signal processing, microwave and millimeter wave signal and power generation, superconducting, optical signal processing, and radiation effects.
(U) FY 1996 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $27,777 | Found new materials and device configurations which tolerate electronic operation beyond current military specifications, up to 300C. Established quantum effects limiting further down scaling of silicon devices. Demonstrated feasibility of active silicon-based opto-electronic devices. Demonstrated holographic approaches for high density optical information storage memories. Created entirely novel concepts for digital high data rate superconductive circuits. Improved superconductive quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) for reliable hidden corrosion detection. |
| (U) $27,777 | Total |
(U) FY 1997 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $27,866 | Explore opportunities to tailor electronic and photonic properties in artificial three-dimensionally ordered structures. Investigate new device and circuit concepts based on three-dimensional integration. Continue to examine radiation hardened ultrafast electronic, photonic, and sensor technology. |
| (U) $27,866 | Total |
(U) FY 1998 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $30,301 | Continue science support for strategically important technologies which promise substantial down stream performance and cost improvements. Special attention is given to innovative approaches to ultrafast, real-time avionics concepts, to advancing the state-of-the-art in optical computing storage, and to improving the precision of space surveillance and targeting. |
| (U) $30,301 | Total |
(U) FY 1999 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $30,553 | Focus program on interface control and stability in semiconductor quantum structures for improved laser and detector applications, including low photon count photo receivers. Emphasize growth and characterization of non-stoichiometric antimonide ternaries as most promising material for mid and long wavelength infrared (IR) detector arrays. Investigate novel methods to passivate compound semiconductors with the goal of obtaining complementary electron device structures for ultrahigh frequency logic. |
| (U) $30,553 | Total |
(U) B. Program Change Summary ($ in Thousands):
|
FY 1996 |
FY 1997 |
FY 1998 |
FY 1999 |
Total
Cost | |
| (U) Previous President's Budget | 28,097 | 30,982 | 31,731 | 32,324 | Cont |
| (U) Current Budget Submit/FY 1998 PB | 27,777 | 27,866 | 30,301 | 30,553 | Cont |
(U) Change Summary Explanation:
Funding: Changes since the previous President's Budget are due to budget constraints and priorities within the Science and Technology (S&T) Program.
Schedule: Not Applicable.
Technical: Not Applicable.
(U) C. Other Program Funding Summary:
(U) Related Activities:
(U) PE 0602204F, Aerospace Avionics.
(U) PE 0602702F, Command, Control, and Communications.
(U) PE 0603728F, Advanced Computer Technology.
(U) D. Schedule Profile: Not Applicable.
(U) A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification: Research focuses on metallic, polymeric, and ceramic and nonmetallic structural materials. Materials research provides the knowledge for improving the performance, cost, and reliability of structural materials. Structural materials research studies a broad range of material properties such as strength, toughness, fatigue resistance, and corrosion resistance of airframe, turbine engine, and spacecraft materials. Emphasis is on refractory alloys, intermetallics, polymer composites, metal and ceramic matrix composites, and advanced ceramics, such as alumina, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and carbon/carbon. Research in new processing methods complements research on materials properties. Direct goals of this program are to increase the operating temperature of engine materials which will further increase thrust-to-weight ratio of engines, develop improved aerospace vehicle structural materials, and control or eliminate advance material reliability issues related to high temperature strength, toughness, fatigue, and environmental conditions.
(U) FY 1996 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $15,031 | Researched polymer composites bonding integrity and strength enhancement. Investigated processing approaches to the synthesis of functionally graded materials with emphasis on achieving balanced mechanical properties. Researched microstructural mechanisms controlling mechanical performance of nanocrystalline materials. Studied processing approaches to producing bulk metallic glass alloys. Expanded research on the oxidation resistance and phase stability of high temperature refractory alloys. Investigated high temperature fracture mechanics, static and dynamic fatigue, and mechanisms of surface strengthening of monolithic and composite ceramic materials. Continued fundamental studies, both theoretical and experimental, on structure and properties of ceramic/metal and ceramic/ceramic interfaces at high temperatures. Researched oxidation-resistant interfaces for composites and coatings for carbon/carbon materials and investigated the environmental effects of processing/property relationships of carbon/carbon composites. |
| (U) $15,031 | Total |
(U) FY 1997 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $15,081 | Investigate processing approaches to the synthesis of nanolaminated thin oxide films with emphasis on achieving balanced mechanical and thermal properties. Initiate research to examine microstructural relationships in metal alloys to their high cycle fatigue behavior. Study microstructural relationships and interfacial stability of the mechanical properties of metallic and intermetallic microlaminated materials. Expand research in bulk metallic glass alloys to include effect of reinforcing mechanisms on fracture and fatigue mechanisms. Continue to research microstructural mechanisms controlling mechanical performance of nanocrystalline materials. Elucidate microstructural aspects of high temperature fracture mechanics, static and dynamic fatigue, and mechanisms of surface strengthening of monolithic and composite ceramic materials. Continue studies on polymer composites chemical and physical behavior for improving aerospace structural strength. Continue fundamental studies, both theoretical and experimental, on structure and properties of ceramic/metal and ceramic/ceramic interfaces at high temperatures. Continue studies of new oxidation-resistant interfaces for composites and coatings for carbon/carbon materials. Study doping of carbon to improve oxidation resistance. |
| (U) $15,081 | Total |
(U) FY 1998 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $16,100 | Continue research on metallic and intermetallic microlaminated materials to include studies on processing and thermal behavior. Examine the high temperature fatigue behavior of new refractory alloys and the effect of environmental sensitivity on properties. Explore the concept of ceramic and crystalline reinforcement of bulk metallic glass alloys to enhance mechanical performance. Continue work on the understanding of microstructural effects on the high cycle fatigue behavior of metallic alloys. |
| (U) $16,100 | Total |
(U) FY 1999 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $16,338 | Investigate new, very high temperature intermetallic alloys that can provide sustained mechanical performance at temperatures over 2300F. Continue research on ceramic and crystalline reinforcement of bulk metallic glass alloys as a means to enhance mechanical performance. Continue work in relating first principal theories to continuum level models to provide realistic predictors of bulk material behavior. |
| (U) $16,338 | Total |
(U) B. Program Change Summary ($ in Thousands):
|
FY 1996 |
FY 1997 |
FY 1998 |
FY 1999 |
Total
Cost | |
| (U) Previous President's Budget | 15,203 | 16,767 | 17,172 | 17,492 | Cont |
| (U) Current Budget Submit/FY 1998 PB | 15,031 | 15,081 | 16,100 | 16,338 | Cont |
(U) Change Summary Explanation:
Funding: Changes since the previous President's Budget are due to budget constraints and priorities within the Science and Technology (S&T) Program.
Schedule: Not Applicable.
Technical: Not Applicable.
(U) C. Other Program Funding Summary:
(U) Related Activities:
(U) PE 0602102F, Materials.
(U) PE 0603211F, Aerospace Structures.
(U) PE 0708011F, Manufacturing Technology.
(U) PE 0602203F, Aerospace Propulsion.
(U) PE 0602201F, Aerospace Flight Dynamics.
(U) D. Schedule Profile: Not Applicable.
(U) A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification: Research involves turbulence prediction and control, unsteady and separated flows, hypersonics, and internal
fluid dynamics. This research provides fundamental knowledge, tools, data, concepts, and methods for improving the efficiency, effectiveness, and reliability of aerospace
vehicles. Research provides an understanding of key fluid flow phenomena, improves theoretical models for aerodynamic prediction and design, and originates flow control
concepts and predictive methods to expand current flight performance boundaries. Research includes the development of computational methods for complex flows,
prediction of real gas effects in high-speed flight, control and prediction of turbulence in flight vehicles, propulsion systems, aero-optic applications, the dynamics of
unsteady and separated flows, thrust vectoring and high lift concepts associated with enhanced performance and maneuverability, heat transfer and compressor instabilities
in gas turbine engines, flow-structure interactions in both external and internal flows, and transport phenomena in structural materials processing.
(U) FY 1996 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $11,071 | Investigated active heat transfer reduction concepts in wall jet flows. Continued the development of the theory of trailing edge receptivity and explored active control concepts for supersonic jet screech suppression. Investigated dynamic aerothermoelastic effects associated with supersonic and hypersonic maneuvering flight vehicle configurations. Researched unsteady aeroelasticity in gas turbine compressors emphasizing inlet-compressor interactions. |
| (U) $11,071 | Total |
(U) FY 1997 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $11,107 | Develop computational techniques for airbreathing propulsion systems, including new turbulence models to predict unsteady, compressible, internal flow phenomena. Integrate micro-actuators, sensors, and nonlinear control algorithms to enable high-lift airfoil design concepts. Investigate actively bladed high-speed compressors to simultaneously suppress noise, flutter, and surge in gas turbine engines. Incorporate new Large Eddy Simulation computational techniques to predict unsteady three-dimensional flows around high-speed flight vehicle configurations. |
| (U) $11,107 | Total |
(U) FY 1998 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $13,294 | Continue research to develop computational techniques for airbreathing propulsion systems, including new turbulence models to predict unsteady, compressible, internal flow phenomena. Integrate micro-actuators, sensors, and nonlinear control algorithms to enable high-lift airfoil design concepts, drag reduction, and mixing control strategies. Investigate actively bladed high-speed compressors to simultaneously suppress noise, flutter, and surge in gas turbine engines. Continue studies of Large Eddy Simulation computational techniques to predict unsteady three-dimensional flows around high-speed flight vehicle configurations. Investigate unsteady aerodynamic forcing for high-cycle fatigue mitigation. |
| (U) $13,294 | Total |
(U) FY 1999 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $13,489 | Continue research to develop computational techniques for airbreathing propulsion systems, including new turbulence models to predict unsteady, compressible, internal flow phenomena. Continue research to integrate micro-actuators, sensors, and nonlinear control algorithms to enable high-lift airfoil design concepts, drag reduction, and mixing control strategies. Investigate actively bladed high-speed compressors to simultaneously suppress noise, flutter, and surge in gas turbine engines. Continue studies of Large Eddy Simulation computational techniques to predict unsteady three-dimensional flows around high-speed flight vehicles configurations. Continue research on aerodynamic forcing for high-cycle fatigue mitigation. |
| (U) $13,489 | Total |
(U) B. Program Change Summary ($ in Thousands):
|
FY 1996 |
FY 1997 |
FY 1998 |
FY 1999 |
Total
Cost | |
| (U) Previous President's Budget | 11,197 | 12,349 | 12,647 | 12,884 | Cont |
| (U) Current Budget Submit/FY 1998 PB | 11,071 | 11,107 | 13,294 | 13,489 | Cont |
(U) Change Summary Explanation:
Funding: Changes since the previous President's Budget are due to budget constraints and priorities within the Science and Technology (S&T) Program.
Schedule: Not Applicable.
Technical: Not Applicable.
(U) C. Other Program Funding Summary;
(U) Related Activities:
(U) PE 0602102F, Materials.
(U) PE 0602201F, Aerospace Flight Dynamics.
(U) PE 0602203F, Aerospace Propulsion.
(U) PE 0603211F, Aerospace Structures.
(U) D. Schedule Profile: Not Applicable.
(U) A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification: Efforts include space power and propulsion, airbreathing propulsion, and propulsion diagnostics. Research is
focused on the efficient utilization of energy in airbreathing engines and chemical and non-chemical rockets. Research is organized into the areas of chemically reacting
flow, non-chemical energetics. Chemically reacting flows involve complex coupling between energy release through chemical reaction and the flow processes which
transport chemical reactants, products, and energy. Non-chemical energetic systems include plasma and beamed energy propulsion for orbit raising space missions and
efficient ultra-high energy techniques for space-based energy utilization. Thermal management of space-based power and propulsion systems will be addressed.
(U) FY 1996 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $10,654 | Meshed direct simulation Monte Carlo/particle-in-cell simulations. Successfully predicted Hall Thruster ionized plume effects on satellites. Decomposition studies of quadricyclane led to molecular level modification and a five-fold increase in decomposition rate, energy, and elimination of soot precursors. Discovered that alkali seeding doubles hydrogen arcjet efficiency. Demonstrated that for supercritical propellant injection in gas turbines, scramjets, and rockets, secondary atomization is the primary rate-controlling physical process. Research on amplified spontaneous emissions demonstrated that they were a potentially powerful new spectroscopic measurement technique for characterizing light atomic species in plasma spacecraft thrusters. |
| (U) $10,654 | Total |
(U) FY 1997 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $10,686 | Continue combustion product formation studies and the investigation of supercritical fuel behavior. Conduct additional computational and experimental studies of turbulent combustion and droplet dispersion, vaporization, and combustion. Study combustion instability in liquid-fueled rockets and continue experimental and numerical investigation of plasma thrusters for orbit maneuvering and station keeping. Initiate research on hydrocarbon-fueled scramjet propulsion. |
| (U) $10,686 | Total |
(U) FY 1998 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $11,293 | Continue the investigation of supercritical fuel behavior and perform research on hydrocarbon-fueled scramjet propulsion. Conduct additional computational and experimental studies of turbulent combustion and droplet dispersion, vaporization, and combustion and study storable propellant combustion instability in liquid-fueled rockets. Continue experimental and numerical investigation of plasma thrusters for orbit maneuvering and station keeping. Perform research on microsatellite propulsion. |
| (U) $11,293 | Total |
(U) FY 1999 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $11,359 | Continue research on hydrocarbon-fueled scramjet and microsatellite propulsion. Apply newly developed supercritical and transcritical models to computational and experimental studies of turbulent combustion and droplet dispersion, vaporization, and combustion. |
| (U) $11,359 | Total |
(U) B. Program Change Summary ($ in Thousands):
|
FY 1996 |
FY 1997 |
FY 1998 |
FY 1999 |
Total
Cost | |
| (U) Previous President's Budget | 10,777 | 11,882 | 12,169 | 12,397 | Cont |
| (U) Current Budget Submit/FY 1998 PB | 10,654 | 10,686 | 11,293 | 11,359 | Cont |
(U) Change Summary Explanation:
Funding: Changes since the previous President's Budget are due to budget constraints and priorities within the Science and Technology (S&T) Program.
Schedule: Not Applicable.
Technical: Not Applicable.
(U) C. Other Program Funding Summary:
(U) Related Activities:
(U) PE 0602102F, Materials.
(U) PE 0602203F, Aerospace Propulsion.
(U) PE 0602601F, Phillips Laboratory.
(U) PE 0603211F, Aerospace Structures.
(U) D. Schedule Profile: Not Applicable.
(U) A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification: Provide fundamental research in seismology. Basic research in seismology is required to understand the
propagation through the earth of seismic waves caused by underground explosions and to locate the source of such events. Research is required to identify seismic
signatures which can be used to discriminate between natural events (for example, earthquakes), and explosions and other man-caused events. This research will provide an
improved seismic monitoring capability required to effectively monitor compliance with nuclear test ban treaty agreements and will also help detect nuclear proliferation by
improving the detection and identification of small nuclear tests. In FY 1997 and out, funding for Air Force seismic research efforts has been transferred to PE 0305145F,
Arms Control Implementation.
(U) FY 1996 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $14,170 | Continued research relating to discriminating between nuclear underground tests and other types of underground and surface non-nuclear explosions. Continued location and depth of seismic events research. Continued support of the Global Seismic Network/Joint Seismic Program. |
| (U) $14,170 | Total |
(U) FY 1997: Not Applicable.
(U) FY 1998: Not Applicable.
(U) FY 1999: Not Applicable.
(U) B. Program Change Summary ($ in Thousands):
|
FY 1996 |
FY 1997 |
FY 1998 |
FY 1999 |
Total
Cost | |
| (U) Previous President's Budget | 12,007 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Cont |
| (U) Current Budget Submit/FY 1998 PB | 14,170 | 0 | 0 | 0 | TBD |
(U) Change Summary Explanation:
Funding: In FY 1997 and out, funding for Air Force seismic research efforts has been transferred to PE 0305145F, Arms Control Implementation.
Schedule: Not Applicable.
Technical: Not Applicable.
(U) C. Other Program Funding Summary:
(U) Related Activities:
(U) PE 0602601F, Phillips Laboratory.
(U) D. Schedule Profile: Not Applicable.
(U) A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification: Areas of emphasis include ionospheric research and meteorology. This research includes the physics, dynamics, and chemistry of processes that determine the structure and variability of the earth's atmosphere. Atmospheric properties such as wind, density, clouds and precipitation, ionization, and optical/infrared (IR) transmission/emissivity all affect the performance of Air Force systems. Research includes new measurement techniques and the development of models for specifying and predicting weather and other atmospheric conditions. Emphasis is placed on understanding fundamental atmospheric processes and their impacts on optical and IR weapon systems, and on understanding the dynamics and structure of the ionosphere that affect communications and surveillance systems. Major research efforts focus on ionospheric dynamics, mesoscale meteorology, triggered and natural lightning, cloud prediction, and models which define the optical structure of the atmosphere.
(U) FY 1996 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $7,225 | Researched satellite data retrieval algorithms with emphasis on improved utilization of multispectral data. Studied atmospheric electrification with emphasis on tropospheric discharges which may extend into the stratosphere and the ionosphere. Improved our understanding of atmospheric structure within the mesosphere and thermosphere with emphasis on relationships to optical transmissivity of atmosphere. |
| (U) $7,225 | Total |
(U) FY 1997 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $7,247 | Investigate improved atmospheric modeling capabilities with emphasis on improved four-dimensional data assimilation techniques for integrating multispectral satellite data utilization in model initialization schemes. Conduct studies related to WSR-88D Doppler radar to develop methodologies for improved identification of aliased signals, turbulence, and severe weather. Continue research on atmospheric electrification with emphasis on optical characteristics of upper atmospheric discharges. |
| (U) $7,247 | Total |
(U) FY 1998 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $7,172 | Investigate improved atmospheric simulation capabilities with emphasis on initial development of spatially and temporally correlated fields of winds, clouds, relative humidity, visibility, etc. Conduct observational experiments which seek to expand knowledge about the characteristics of the tropical ionosphere and its highly variable density regimes. Research techniques for improved remote sensing of the three-dimensional structure of cloud fields for initialization of sophisticated prediction models. |
| (U) $7,172 | Total |
(U) FY 1999 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $7,381 | Utilize field experiment observations to develop improved theoretical models of ionospheric dynamics of neutral hydrogen loss processes and improved estimation of total electron concentrations. Develop improved atmospheric radiation models which more realistically estimate solar radiation impacts related to cloud field dynamics. Investigate improved soil moisture models, which account for critical hydrometeorological processes, to improve surface temperature, moisture, and cloud forecasts. |
| (U) $7,381 | Total |
(U) B. Program Change Summary ($ in Thousands):
|
FY 1996 |
FY 1997 |
FY 1998 |
FY 1999 |
Total
Cost | |
| (U) Previous President's Budget | 7,309 | 8,058 | 8,307 | 8,410 | Cont |
| (U) Current Budget Submit/FY 1998 PB | 7,225 | 7,247 | 7,172 | 7,381 | Cont |
(U) Change Summary Explanation:
Funding: Changes since the previous President's Budget are due to budget constraints and priorities within the Science and Technology (S&T) Program.
Schedule: Not Applicable.
Technical: Not Applicable.
(U) C. Other Program Funding Summary:
(U) Related Activities:
(U) PE 0305160F, Defense Meteorological Satellite Program.
(U) PE 0602601F, Phillips Laboratory.
(U) PE 0603220C, Surveillance, Acquisition, Tracking, and Kill.
(U) D. Schedule Profile: Not Applicable.
(U) A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification: The objective of this project is to provide basic knowledge of the space environment and solar activity for the
design and calibration of advanced Air Force systems relevant to operations in and through near-earth space. The project also supports the Air Weather Service (AWS) by
improving observing and forecasting techniques that support operational military systems in space environments. Theoretical and empirical descriptions and models of the
physics of the sun and the earth's magnetosphere, which are critical elements of future AWS prediction models and radiation belt codes, are being investigated.
(U) FY 1996 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $5,214 | Transitioned solar activity models to 6.2 for solar forecasting applications. Defined processes throughout the solar-terrestrial system using simultaneously measured solar, solar wind, and magnetosphere satellite data. These results will be used for the prediction of geomagnetic storms which affect ground and space assets. Completed models of radiation in plasmas, which are required to assess communications using electron beams or space borne antennas. Obtained data from a space shuttle experiment to validate electron beam propagation models, examine plasma effects on large space structures, and assess tethers in space as power generators. |
| (U) $5,214 | Total |
(U) FY 1997 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $5,229 | Integrate solar activity and coronal mass ejection models with interplanetary, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere models to generate a unified global space weather mode scheduled to be transitioned to the Air Force Space Forecast Center in FY 1998. Use space- and ground-based data to test the models and to examine the characteristics of space environment particles and fields during the minimum of solar cycle 22 and the rise of cycle 23. Evaluate secular variations of the geomagnetic field and their effect on radiation dosage over the past three solar cycles. Assess the utility of these variations as a tool for long-term planning of the lifetimes of Air Force and DoD spacecraft. Use high latitude satellite data to establish solar wind signatures for geomagnetic storm alerts. Study satellite degradation by the radiation belts to provide the basis for developing more survivable, robust, Air Force satellite systems. |
| (U) $5,229 | Total |
(U) FY 1998 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $4,962 | Research will be undertaken to find the unknown trigger mechanism for geomagnetic substorms in the earth's magnetosphere. These substorms are the principal manifestation of disturbed space weather. Physical modeling and analysis will lead to the development of models which will be verified against observational data. |
| (U) $4,962 | Total |
(U) FY 1999 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $5,040 | Space weather at geosynchronous satellites will received increased emphasis to understand the dynamics and mitigate the effects of damage on communication satellites done by near-relativistic electron fluxes. The delayed reaction of two to three days between the onset of high gusts of solar wind and the storm of energetic electrons will be analyzed. |
| (U) $5,040 | Total |
(U) B. Program Change Summary ($ in Thousands):
|
FY 1996 |
FY 1997 |
FY 1998 |
FY 1999 |
Total
Cost | |
| (U) Previous President's Budget | 5,273 | 5,814 | 5,955 | 6,066 | Cont |
| (U) Current Budget Submit/FY 1998 PB | 5,214 | 5,229 | 4,962 | 5,040 | Cont |
(U) Change Summary Explanation:
Funding: Changes since the previous President's Budget are due to budget constraints and priorities within the Science and Technology (S&T) Program.
Schedule: Not Applicable.
Technical: Not Applicable.
(U) C. Other Program Funding Summary:
(U) Related Activities:
(U) PE 0302101F, Geophysics.
(U) PE 0602702F, Command, Control, and Communications.
(U) PE 0603410F, Space System Environmental Interactions.
(U) D. Schedule Profile: Not Applicable.
(U) A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification: This project consists of two research areas: biodegradation and the toxicology of biohazards; and chronobiology
and neural adaptation. Understanding how microbes degrade Air Force chemicals will enable the development of efficient and cost-effective strategies for cleaning up Air Force
bases and preventing exposure to hazards due to Air Force operations. Likewise, knowledge of the mechanisms by which Air Force chemical and physical (lasers and
microwaves) agents produce toxic effects will enable the development of safety assessment strategies and technologies to ensure the hazard-free development and use of future
aerospace materials and systems. Basic research in neuroscience and chronobiology will result in new strategies to prevent G-induced loss of consciousness in pilots, impaired
performance due to jet-lag and shift-work, night operations, and the loss of life and aircraft due to stress, inattention, or lack of vigilance.
(U) FY 1996 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $15,344 | Novel biochemistry was elucidated in the trinitrotoluene (TNT) degradation pathway of microorganisms, providing the scientific basis for the development of improved cleanup technology. Research findings on harmful laser-eye interactions led to the forwarding of recommendations to the Tri-Service Laser Safety Group for interim changes in the current national laser safety standards. Experimental data from toxicity studies on an Air Force ground water contaminant were incorporated into complex mathematical models that extrapolate toxicity findings in rodents to humans. Research has shown how adrenal steroids act on the brain center important for spatial learning, episodic memory and judgment, providing a biological explanation of why moderate levels of adrenal steroids facilitate cognition but high levels of steroids inhibit it. Acute caffeine doubles the time to G-loss of consciousness in rodents, but chronic caffeine ingestion has no effect. |
| (U) $15,344 | Total |
(U) FY 1997 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $15,391 | Genes for novel degradative enzymes will continue to be cloned and sequenced. Research will expand to include ocular effects produced by infrared as well as visible laser pulses. Mechanistically based "test-tube" responses that are predictive of chemically induced effects in animals will continue to be explored. Priority will be given to investigations that examine the behavioral consequences of biochemical regulation of nervous system function to elucidate relationships between brain chemistry and performance. |
| (U) $15,391 | Total |
(U) FY 1998 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $15,986 | Research will continue on understanding the biomolecular reaction mechanisms of novel degradative enzymes. Research efforts will begin to switch from characterizing laser-induced lesions at the gross tissue level to the subcellular and molecular level. Computational methods for predicting chemical toxicity will be examined together with mechanistically based, cell/tissue-culture models of assessment. Research on the circadian timing system and the biology underlying fatigue will be augmented to include individual differences and performance prediction. |
| (U) $15,986 | Total |
(U) FY 1999 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $16,119 | Molecular biology techniques will be used to expand the degradative capacity of newly discovered enzymes. Research will continue to investigate the biochemical mechanisms of cell killing by ultrashort laser pulses. Research will continue to explore the integration of short-term, cell culture techniques with computational methods for predicting chemical toxicity. Research will continue to examine biological mechanisms responsible for circadian rhythmicity and how these mechanisms influence skilled human performance. |
| (U) $16,119 | Total |
(U) B. Program Change Summary ($ in Thousands):
|
FY 1996 |
FY 1997 |
FY 1998 |
FY 1999 |
Total
Cost | |
| (U) Previous President's Budget | 15,521 | 17,113 | 17,527 | 17,854 | Cont |
| (U) Current Budget Submit/FY 1998 PB | 15,344 | 15,391 | 15,986 | 16,119 | Cont |
(U) Change Summary Explanation:
Funding: Changes since the previous President's Budget are due to budget constraints and priorities within the Science and Technology (S&T) Program.
Schedule: Not Applicable.
Technical: Not Applicable.
(U) C. Other Program Funding Summary:
(U) Related Activities:
(U) PE 0602202F, Human Systems Technology.
(U) D. Schedule Profile: Not Applicable.
(U) A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification: This project provides fundamental knowledge of information processing in humans and other complex
organisms needed to advance technologies for autonomous systems, command and control, human systems integration, and personnel selection and training. Research on
sensory systems impacts technologies of computer image and speech processing, human interface, sensors and sensor fusion. Research on cognitive and perceptual
processes impacts technologies of selection, education and training, command and control, and adaptive autonomous systems. Supported areas of research include Sensory
Systems, with emphasis on vision and hearing, Cognition, Perception, Intelligent Tutors, and Team Situational Awareness.
(U) FY 1996 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $8,709 | Developed brain activation model to analyze scalp electrical recordings to monitor mental effort and learning. Developed techniques that permit more sensitive measurement of relations between individual abilities and rates of progress in various instructional modes. Developed model of visual search which was used to predict the time to locate visual targets in cluttered environments. Demonstrated feasibility of using three-dimensional sound localization to reduce pilot spatial disorientation. |
| (U) $8,709 | Total |
(U) FY 1997 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $8,738 | Investigate novel sensory systems such as animal infrared sensors. Continue vision, hearing, cognition, perception, intelligent tutors, and team situational awareness research. Determine optimal image compression for human viewing. Determine mechanisms of human auditory localization. Evaluate models of advising in the context of intelligent tutoring. Determine the performance dimensions of human psychomotor abilities. |
| (U) $8,738 | Total |
(U) FY 1998 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $9,057 | Begin research in sensory integration. Continue research on novel animal sensing systems. Model human decision-making in selected dynamic task environments. Experimentally evaluate models of motor performance in virtual environments. Extend models of spatial orientation to performance in naturalistic versions of laboratory tasks. |
| (U) $9,057 | Total |
(U) FY 1999 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $9,190 | Continue research in sensory integration and mechanisms of animal infrared sensing systems. Investigate sensory-motor integration processes. Explore confidence concepts related to use of virtual environments for tele-command of adaptive autonomous systems. |
| (U) $9,190 | Total |
(U) B. Program Change Summary ($ in Thousands):
|
FY 1996 |
FY 1997 |
FY 1998 |
FY 1999 |
Total
Cost | |
| (U) Previous President's Budget | 8,812 | 9,715 | 9,950 | 10,136 | Cont |
| (U) Current Budget Submit/FY 1998 PB | 8,709 | 8,738 | 9,057 | 9,190 | Cont |
(U) Change Summary Explanation:
Funding: Changes since the previous President's Budget are due to budget constraints and priorities within the Science and Technology (S&T) Program.
Schedule: Not Applicable.
Technical: Not Applicable.
(U) C. Other Program Funding Summary:
(U) Related Activities:
(U) PE 0602202F, Human Systems Technology.
(U) PE 0602702F, Command, Control, and Communication.
(U) D. Schedule Profile: Not Applicable.
(U) A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification: This project stimulates scientific and engineering education and increases the interaction between the broader
research community (including the international research community) and the Air Force laboratories. Emphasis is placed on increasing the number of U.S. citizens,
especially women and minorities, with advanced degrees in science and engineering. These programs include: the Summer Faculty Research Program under which selected
university faculty members conduct research at Air Force labs; the Graduate Student Research Program where graduate students in areas of interest to the Air Force perform
research at Air Force labs; the University Resident Research Program where faculty members spend one year at an Air Force lab contributing to Air Force research needs
and operations; the U.S. Air Force National Research Council (NRC) Resident Research Associateship Program which provides outstanding post-doctoral and senior
scientists and engineers opportunities to research problems of their own choice that are compatible with the research interests of selected Air Force labs; the Laboratory
Graduate Fellowship Program which is designed to stimulate doctoral candidate interest in Air Force labs and the research programs of those labs; and the National Defense
Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship Program which is jointly sponsored by the Army, Navy, Air Force, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency for the
purpose of increasing the number of U.S. citizens trained in science and engineering, and various international programs such as Windows on Science which provides insight
and experience in international research.
(U) FY 1996 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $12,071 | The Summer Faculty Research Program supported 175 university faculty for up to 12 weeks at Air Force laboratories. The Graduate Student Research Program supported 125 students for up to 12 weeks at Air Force laboratories. Five percent of these Summer Research Program participants are members of a historically black or minority college. The University Resident Research Program supported 22 university researchers. The National Research Council Resident Research Associateship Program supported 70 fellows, two-thirds post-doctoral researchers and one-third senior researchers. The National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship Program supported 75 fellowships with ten percent set aside for members of ethnic minority groups underrepresented in science and engineering. Also, under the minority institution program, a pioneering outreach effort to Native American institutions of higher education supported development of telecommunications capability for research efforts. |
| (U) $12,071 | Total |
(U) FY 1997 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $15,143 | This program will continue to support scientific and engineering education. |
| (U) $15,143 | Total |
(U) FY 1998 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $17,347 | This program will continue to support scientific and engineering education. |
| (U) $17,347 | Total |
(U) FY 1999 ($ in Thousands):
| (U) $17,600 | This program will continue to support scientific and engineering education. |
| (U) $17,600 | Total |
(U) B. Program Change Summary ($ in Thousands):
|
FY 1996 |
FY 1997 |
FY 1998 |
FY 1999 |
Total
Cost | |
| (U) Previous President's Budget | 15,244 | 16,837 | 17,160 | 17,526 | Cont |
| (U) Current Budget Submit/FY 1998 PB | 12,071 | 15,143 | 17,347 | 17,600 | Cont |
(U) Change Summary Explanation:
Funding: Changes since the previous President's Budget are due to budget constraints and priorities within the Science and Technology (S&T) Program.
Schedule: Not Applicable.
Technical: Not Applicable.
(U) C. Other Program Funding Summary:
(U) Related Activities:
(U) PE 0601103D, University Research Initiative.
(U) D. Schedule Profile: Not Applicable.
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK