JOINT WARFIGHTER S&T PLAN
CHAPTER III -- TRANSITION OF TECHNOLOGY TO THE JOINT WARFIGHTER

Advanced Joint Planning (User sponsor: U.S. Atlantic Command) Purpose: To enhance joint operational planning capabilities by leveraging, refining, and integrating emerging technologies. To date, two technologies from this ACTD have been introduced and are operationally employed by U.S. Atlantic Command. The Joint Readiness Automated Management System (JRAMS) allows planners to rapidly assess force readiness from a variety of databases and employ these data in viewing potential courses of action. The Time-Phased Force Deployment Data Editor (TPEDIT) is a planning tool developed in the ACTD that allows planners to view, create, and edit the contents of the Time-Phase Force Deployment Database. Both tools were developed and used operationally in less than a year and have been used to assess readiness and courses of action in a wide range of contingencies. These two planning tools have cut the time for contingency planning at U.S. Atlantic Command from in excess of 7 days in 1994 to approximately 2 hours today. The tools are undergoing transition into the Global Command and Control System common operating environment.

KE Boost-Phase Intercept (Phase I) (User sponsors: Air Combat Command, and Naval Air Warfare Center (N-88), Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Resources & Warfare Requirements) Purpose: To assess the operational utility, mission effectiveness, and affordability of air-launched kinetic-energy, boost-phase intercept (BPI) systems. This ACTD was terminated after the completion of Phase I. A concept of operations (CONOPS) review indicated that the kinetic kill BPI concept was technically feasible but too asset intensive. Based on the results of Phase I, the decision was made not to proceed with the KE BPI Phase II ACTD, which would have fabricated and demonstrated the capability. (Completed)

Cruise Missile Defense—Phase I (User sponsor: U.S. Pacific Command) Purpose: To detect, track, and successfully engage cruise missiles at ranges beyond the radar horizon of ship- and land-based air defense units, and to assess joint doctrine and concepts of air defense operations. Radars on a mountaintop site (simulating airborne radars) were used to detect and track missiles that would have been beyond line of sight for surface-based sensors. Engagement data were transmitted to interceptor missiles, and successful live-fire engagements with SM-2s and over 100 simulated intercepts with Patriot PAC-3 seekers were demonstrated. This ACTD validated the Air-Directed Surface-to-Air Missile (ADSAM) concept—the key to engaging cruise missiles at over-the-horizon ranges from surface-based air defense units. (Completed)

High-Altitude Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (HAE UAV) (User sponsor: U.S. Atlantic Command) Purpose: To address the military utility of an HAE UAV reconnaissance and surveillance capability at an air vehicle flyaway price of $10 million. Two classes of air vehicles are being developed: a conventional design (Global Hawk) and a low-observable (DarkStar) design. Global Hawk has completed successful wing load, environmental control system, landing gear, and navigation system testing and is on track for first flight (mid 1997). DarkStar's first flight was successful, but the second flight ended in a crash during takeoff. In response to the accident investigation board-identified deficiencies, hardware modifications to Air Vehicle No. 2 are being implemented, and software changes are being investigated.

Joint Countermine (User sponsor: U.S. Atlantic Command) Purpose: To demonstrate the capability to conduct effective, seamless amphibious mine countermeasure operations from sea to land; to provide simulation tools for Joint Countermine operations; and to define a Joint Countermine command, control, communications, and intelligence (C3I) architecture. Planning is on track for an initial demonstration in summer 1997 under U.S. Atlantic Command sponsorship. The British formally petitioned to participate in the ACTD in early January 1997.

Medium-Altitude Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (MAE) (Predator) (User sponsor: U.S. Atlantic Command) Purpose: To provide a rapidly deployable, medium-altitude reconnaissance and surveillance capability. Predator progressed from a concept to a three-system operational capability in less than 30 months. The Predator ACTD was initiated in 1993, and the first flight occurred in 1994. Predator first deployed to Gjader Field, Albania, from June to October 1995 in support of Operation Provide Promise, flying 77 operational missions and logging 753 hours. Since March 1996, it has flown 166 operational flights totaling 1,349 hours from Taszar, Hungary, in support of IFOR/SFOR tasking. Overall, Predator has logged 1,050 flights totaling 4,605 hours. This ACTD is complete; operational lead and program acquisition have undergone transition to the Air Force. (Completed)

Precision-Rapid Counter Multiple Rocket Launcher (User sponsor: U.S. Forces Korea) Purpose: To develop and demonstrate an adverse-weather, day/night, end-to-end, sensor-to-shooter, precision deep-strike capability against North Korean long-range artillery. Two demonstrations were conducted—one based at Fort Hood, Texas, and the other at Camp Red Cloud in Korea—involving both live and simulated forces. Command and control (C2) links in Korea were upgraded. The Navy and Air Force participated in the Joint Fire Support Interoperability demonstration. The major demonstration in Korea was the successful culmination of the development and installation phase of the ACTD. The leave-behind equipment installed in Korea will be supported by the ACTD team for the 2-year leave-behind period. The ACTD has greatly increased the ability of the 2nd Infantry Division to deal with the threat of long-range artillery from the north. (Completed)

Precision SIGINT Targeting System (PSTS) (User sponsor: U.S. Forces Korea) Purpose: To develop and demonstrate a near-real-time, precision targeting, sensor-to-shooter capability using existing national and tactical assets. PSTS is developing advanced cooperative precision targeting algorithms, processing enhancements, site interface necessary for cooperative operation, and a concept of operations for asset cooperative utilization and minimal operational impact. This ACTD is being executed as a series of demonstrations that incrementally improve the overall capability in terms of complexity of emitters that can be targeted, degree of engineer versus operator involvement, and tactical utility. A demonstration in Korea and Hawaii was completed in October 1996. This was the fourth of six planned demonstrations. The SIGINT data were collected by assets in Korea and by national means, processed in Hawaii, and transmitted to warfighters in Korea over existing SIGINT dissemination communication links.

Rapid Force Projection Initiative (User sponsor: XVIII Airborne Corps, Dismounted Battlespace Battle Laboratory) Purpose: To demonstrate sensor-to-standoff killer capability for light early-entry forces. The lethality and survivability of light Army entry forces will be enhanced by the capability to engage high-value targets, including heavy armor, beyond direct-fire ranges. A series of partial demonstrations is planned leading up to a full-scale free-play demonstration in the fourth quarter of FY 1998. This final demonstration will occur at Fort Benning, Georgia, and will include both live and virtual forces.

Synthetic Theater of War (STOW-97) (User sponsor: U.S. Atlantic Command) Purpose: To provide an operational demonstration of advanced distributed simulation technologies that will directly support joint training and mission rehearsal. An additional goal to effect the transition of the STOW technologies to the next generation of DoD simulations such as the Joint Simulation System (JSIMS), Joint Warfare Simulation (JWARS), and service simulations. In October 1997, STOW will participate in Atlantic Command's Unified Endeavor exercise and demonstrate high-resolution (platform-level) simulation technologies required to implement a Joint Task Force (JTF)-level exercise; interfaces to operational command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I) systems, instrumented ranges, and virtual simulations; and environmental effects across a variety of operation types (e.g., antimine, theater missile defense, battlefield resupply). The exercise scenario includes combined operations with the U.K. participating in STOW.

Airbase/Port Biological Detections (User sponsors: U.S. Central Command, U.S. Pacific Command (U.S. Forces Korea)) Purpose: To demonstrate an interim capability to automatically detect and identify in near-real time a biological attack to an airbase or port facility. This capability can potentially prevent mass casualties and maintain operational effectiveness at the facility. A modified Interim Biological Agent Detector (IBAD)—which includes an integrated, automated agent identification capability—has been developed and has successfully met ACTD objectives for timeliness and sensitivity during testing at Dugway Proving Ground against four biological agent simulants. This device represents a significant enhancement in capability, detection sensitivity, and time from detection to warning. An array of internetted detectors with complete C4I connectivity will be deployed to Osan Airbase, South Korea, early this fiscal year.

Battlefield Awareness and Data Dissemination (BADD) (User sponsor: U.S. Atlantic Command) Purpose: To develop, install, and evaluate a prototype operational system that allows commanders to design their own information system; delivers to warfighters an accurate, timely, and consistent picture of the battlefield; and provides access to any transmission mechanisms and worldwide data repositories. Pre-BADD ACTD efforts were briefed to the Defense Science Board as a possible option to enhance intelligence dissemination in support of Operation Joint Endeavor. This resulted in the creation of the Bosnia Command and Control Augmentation (BC2A) currently operating in theater. This represents a significant enhancement in data dissemination capabilities using the Joint Broadcast System. Phase I of BADD is being developed by DARPA, with CECOM as executive agent, and is focused on demonstration of key capabilities to disseminate data to battalion Tactical Operations Centers during the Task Force XXI Advanced Warfighting Experiment. Phase II will enhance and mature these systems to develop a pilot information management service in support of the Global Broadcast Service on UHF Follow-On (UFO) satellites 8, 9, and 10.

Combat Identification (User sponsor: U.S. Atlantic Command) Purpose: To demonstrate system alternatives that can enhance the capability of our combat forces to positively identify friendly and hostile platforms during air-to-ground and ground-to-ground operations in order to preclude fratricide due to misidentification and to maximize combat effectiveness. The Battlefield Combat Identification System (BCIS) has been installed on the vehicles of the 4th Infantry division to provide training in anticipation for the Task Force XXI exercise. The Situation Awareness Beacon with Reply (SABER) prototype units that were demonstrated at ASCIET 95 are currently deployed with the 22 MEU. Three major field events will be conducted in FY 1997: Task Force XXI at Fort Irwin, California; All-Service Combat Identification Evaluation Team at Camp Shelby, Mississippi; and an international demonstration in Germany.

Combat Vehicle Survivability (User sponsor: U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command/III Corps Purpose: To demonstrate a modest cost enhancement suite that significantly increases the survivability of combat vehicles on the battlefield. The Management Plan was signed on 30 September 1996.

Counterproliferation I (User sponsors: U.S. European Command, U.S. Southern Command, U.S. Strategic Command) Purpose: To develop, integrate, demonstrate, and effect the transition to the warfighter of an integrated, militarily ready capability to neutralize facilities for weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and other counterforce targets. This effort encompasses the complete set of military capabilities needed for planning and conduct of such missions, to include target location and characterization, appraisal of munitions' effectiveness, battle damage assessment, and collateral hazard forecasting and mitigation. It includes work to redress shortfalls in hard target smart fuze performance identified in preliminary testing. A successful end-to-end integrated demonstration of fuzes, sensors, targeting, and hazard prediction tools occurred in December 1996, with live ordnance dropped from an F-15E against a simulated biological weapon facility. The Munitions Effectiveness Assessment version 1.0 planning tool was delivered to U.S. European Command for test and evaluation in December 1996.

Joint Logistics (User sponsors: U.S. Pacific Command, U.S. European Command, U.S. Central Command Purpose: To provide the users (CINCs and commanders, Joint Task Force) with the capability to rapidly plan and execute more responsive and efficient logistics support to military operations. A prototype network of workstations and commercial technologies has been developed and deployed to provide state-of-the-art planning tools, coupled with asset visibility, for Operation Joint Endeavor. This prototype system is the foundation for advanced capabilities being developed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the services, and other logistics agencies.

Joint Readiness Extension to the Advanced Joint Planning ACTD (User sponsor: Joint Staff) Purpose: To provide tools to the Joint Staff and unified commands to assist in automation of the Joint Monthly Readiness Report (JMRR). The first demonstration of automated tools to assist in preparation of the JMRR was completed in August 1996. An additional prototype was delivered in November 1996, and one is planned for delivery in March 1997. This effort will build on technologies employed and lessons learned in the Advanced Joint Planning ACTD.

Low-Life-Cycle Cost, Medium-Lift Helicopter (User sponsors: Navy, Military Sealift Command) Purpose: To evaluate the military utility of employing a commercial-off-the-shelf helicopter to perform the Military Sealift Command fleet vertical lift support mission. This ACTD, originally planned for FY96, was executed during August-October 1995 with a very successful demonstration of leased commercial helicopters and crews on Military Sealift Command ships. As a result of the demonstration, the Navy has concluded that leasing helicopters may be a viable alternative for vertical replenishment. The Navy completed a 6-month follow-on demonstration in the Indian Ocean in December 1996 and is considering privatization options for the rest of the Military Sealift Command fleet. (Completed)

Miniature Air-Launched Decoy (User sponsor: Air Combat Command) Purpose: To develop and demonstrate a small, very inexpensive air-launched decoy system for the suppression of enemy air defense (SEAD) mission. MALD will greatly enhance the survivability of friendly aircraft and aid in establishing air superiority by stimulating, diluting, and confusing enemy integrated air defense systems. The MALD ACTD is a follow-on to the DARPA Small Engine Advanced Program (SENGAP), which successfully developed an extremely small turbojet engine. The 30-month ACTD contract was awarded to Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical Corporation on 5 November 1996.

Navigation Warfare (User sponsor: U.S. Atlantic Command) Purpose: To validate the technologies and concept of operations for implementing protection of our use of satellite navigation systems and prevention of an adversary's use of satellite navigation systems. This capability will mitigate hostile use of satellite navigation by unfriendly forces on the battlefield while ensuring unimpeded use of the Global Positioning System for U.S. and allied forces.

Semiautomated Imagery Processing (User sponsor: U.S. Atlantic Command) Purpose: To significantly improve an image analyst's ability to provide accurate, timely situation awareness to the warfighter. This system will allow analysts to exploit the output of an increasing quantity of image collection assets. A laboratory demonstration of the integrated system capability was held in October at Lincoln Laboratory. Initial field tests will be conducted in March 1997 with the 18th Airborne Corps using the ETRAC ground station as a radar interface.

Counter-Sniper (User sponsor: Dismounted Battlespace Battle Laboratory) Purpose: To rapidly provide counter-sniper sensor systems for evaluation by Army, Marine, and Special Forces users, provide training for users who will be prepared to quickly deploy sniper detection technology, and provide feedback to system developers. This 3-month ACTD was completed in October 1996. The sensors were delivered to the Dismounted Battlespace Battle Laboratory. Training, testing, and doctrine development are ongoing. The sensors and trained soldiers/marines are available for contingencies. (Completed)

Tactical High-Energy Laser (THEL) (User sponsor: U.S. Army Space and Strategic Defense Command Purpose: To jointly develop with the Israeli Ministry of Defense a THEL demonstrator focused on negating the Katyusha rocket threat to northern Israel. The THEL uses a deuterium fluoride laser and high-power uncooled optics, along with both radar and optical target acquisition systems, to acquire, track, and negate the terrorist rocket threats. A contract with TRW has been initiated, with system integration to start in late FY97, and full functional testing to be completed at the Capistrano Test Site by March 1998. The ACTD will culminate in a full functional demonstration of the integrated system, transmitting the high-power beam downrange, within specified performance parameters (e.g., jitter, wave front error, slew rates, timelines). This program is jointly funded by the United States and Israel.

Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (TUAV) (User sponsors: U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, U.S. Marine Corps Deputy Chief of Staff (Aviation), and Commander, Naval Air Forces, Atlantic Fleet) Purpose: To procure and support low-cost TUAV systems for use by brigade-level commanders; to develop CONOPS; to refine the TUAV requirements of the U.S. Army, Navy, and Marine Corps; and, if successful, to develop a path to full production of the TUAV. A contract for the TUAV was awarded in May 1996, with first flight expected in 9 months. Delivery of the first system is expected 15 months after contract award.