F. JOINT READINESS AND LOGISTICS

1. Definition

Joint Readiness and Logistics is the capability to enhance readiness and logistics for joint and combined operations. It includes capabilities for enhanced simulation for training; improved and affordable operations and maintenance (O&M) and life cycle costs; mobility and sustainability (i.e., transportation support technologies, speed of delivery); and near-real-time visibility of people, units, equipment, and supplies that are in storage, in process, in transit, or in theater, linked with the ability to act on this information. The CJCS-approved Universal Joint Task List (UJTL) identifies the readiness tasks that must be accomplished within the Joint Warfighting arena. The UJTL is broken down into operational and functional capabilities that are the CINC's domain. If a Combatant Command has the means to accomplish all of the joint mission-essential tasks derived from the UJTL, then by definition the assigned forces have achieved a high state of readiness.

Figure IV.F-1 depicts the technology areas within which advances will lead to increased functional capabilities. Technological enhancements in these functional areas will improve performance in the operational capabilities that define Joint Readiness and Logistics. Some of the operational capability elements affecting joint readiness and logistics are discussed in the technology objectives contained in the Information Superiority (IS) portion of this plan. To avoid duplication, the Joint Readiness portion of this chapter narrows its focus to capabilities not covered specifically in the IS area, namely the broad areas of assessment of force readiness; collaborative planning for the deployment and sustainment of these forces; and joint and combined training in CONUS and deployment abroad. The key to readiness is the capability to have near-real-time visibility and the ability to assess the status of people, units, equipment, and sustainment that are in theater, in transit, in storage, or in process anywhere; to have the training and equipment needed to effectively plan their joint utilization in support of assigned missions; and to rapidly deploy units and distribute sustainment supplies to the most useful destinations from factory to the front. In addition, ensuring long life and low cost for equipment and the logistics infrastructure is a key requirement across the entire spectrum of capabilities.

The following metrics will be used to determine success:

• Readiness of primary weapon systems will be increased by a minimum of 10 percent with a goal of 20 percent.

• Confidence in the logistics pipeline will be demonstrated by a decrease in redundant requisitions and reorders to no more than 5 percent with a goal of zero.

• The speed with which logistics courses of action (COA) can be generated will increase to a minimum of one COA in 4 hours with a goal of one in 1 hour.

• The dollar value and volume of DoD-owned supply inventories will be reduced—a minimum of 20 percent with a goal of 32 percent reduction in dollar value, and a minimum of 30 percent with a goal of 40 percent reduction in volume (cubic feet).

• The cost per operation will be reduced by a minimum of 10 percent with a goal of 25 percent.

• The logistics pipeline throughput capacity will be increased by a minimum of 100 percent with a goal of 200 percent.

• "Leading indicator" data will be automatically captured and forwarded for use in predictive failure estimation and advanced logistics planning and support—a minimum of 25 percent of data captured and forwarded in 1 to 3 hours with a goal of 75 percent.

2. Operational Capability Elements

National military strategy has changed from one of a forward-deployed ground-force presence to one of CONUS-based forces that must respond rapidly to joint combined operations anywhere in the world. As a result, it is important not only to demonstrate multiorganization interoperability for deployment of forces on specific missions to any place in the world, but also to demonstrate that those forces, their backup, and needed sustainment can be delivered to the right place at the right time to support or sustain missions. To do this, it is necessary to improve our ability to know in near-real time the location of each person, unit, piece of equipment, and item of supply. It is also important to know its state of readiness, its physical health, its completeness, its manufacturing or training status, or the fact that it was recently consumed in the course of its mission. This requires improved, large-scale accounting for inventory; status monitors on people, equipment, and cargo shipments; and near-real-time accessibility of this massive information data network for deployment and sustainment decisions. The technical objectives affecting the operational capabilities of joint, combined, and interoperability training; mission planning and rehearsal; and the readiness assessment and status reporting deal primarily with the ability of the CINC and Commander Joint Task Force (CJTF) to train their respective staffs, assess the readiness of assigned forces from both active and reserve components stationed in CONUS and deployed abroad, and evaluate possible courses of action.

The future concept of operations is envisioned as an interoperable environment in which the operators (J3), the logisticians (J4), and the planners (J5) at all echelon levels coordinate their activities across organizational boundaries. This tightly knit environment will enable the impact of logistics to bear directly on the decision-making process during course-of-action development and evaluations. The key element of this coordinated process will be the ability to plan in sufficient detail to allow execution directly from the plan. The mission plan and the logistics plan are thus developed in consonance with explicit common assumptions and expectations. Deviations from the plan can be detected through the creation of trigger processes or plan sentinels placed at key nodes or links in the logistics pipeline. These plan sentinels provide the necessary closed-loop feedback to maintain control and support the oversight process. To ensure that all this happens, extensive joint combined training is required in the use of interoperable processing and communication assets and in integrated rehearsals on cost-effective simulations.

In addition to seamless interoperability, logistics requires that information processing and communication technologies be applied to the monitoring, planning, execution, and tracking of forces and sustainment ranging from acquisition, storage, maintenance, and repair, through the transportation pipeline to the field. This requirement is critical to prolong the life of the personnel, equipment, and facilities used to support deployment and sustainment operations and to reduce impact of personnel casualties through medical support and rapid evacuation. Areas to be addressed include airfields dealing with much heavier wheel loads on pavements made from often low-quality local materials; storage, personnel, fueling, and other facilities that are exposed to extremes of wind, dust, rain, and humidity; and littoral docking and fuel transfer facilities that have to deal with variable tides, high sea states, and fouling of facilities and equipment exposed to the sea. Reducing the logistics burden either by ensuring longer invulnerability or by providing lower costs per required useful lifetime is critical for readiness in many theater environments.

3. Functional Capabilities

To enhance operational capability elements for Joint Readiness and Logistics, a number of specific functional capabilities need to be improved.

Joint Readiness. As portrayed in Figure IV.F-1, enhanced Joint Readiness operational capability elements are impacted by (1) CINC/CJTF/Battle Staff training, combined staff training, and interoperability of forces; (2) individual/crew/unit planning and rehearsal of missions, and COA development; and (3) status reporting, assessments, and force tailoring. The functional capabilities needed to enhance the operational capability elements for Joint Readiness are shown in Table IV.F-1. Advancements in the key technology areas of advanced distributed simulations (e.g., common technical framework, authoritative environmental representations, and human systems interfaces) will lead to more effective joint, combined, and interoperability training. Modeling and simulation (M&S) improvements, advances in communications technologies (e.g., bandwidth management techniques, multilevel security), and information management (e.g., rapid database preparation, high-performance computing, data standardization) will yield faster collaborative planning, dynamic retasking, and more realistic mission rehearsal. Additional research is needed in the area of performance assessment at the individual and collective levels. Specifically, measures of performance must be developed and incorporated into models and simulations, and methodologies must be developed to support automated assessment and reporting.

Real-Time Focused Logistics. The functional capabilities needed to enhance the operational capability elements for Real-Time Focused Logistics are shown in Table IV.F-2. The most important functional requirements needing enhancement include:

• Readiness status reporting on all force and sustainment supplies in theater, in transit, in process, and in storage; assessments of the timed availability of these resources; generation of logistics requirements; and identification of critical items and predictive force tailoring.

• Collaborative operations and logistics planning; simulated rehearsals of individual, unit, weapon, equipment, and supply deployments; development of operations and logistics COAs.

• Sourcing/ordering and quality/cost assessments; mode/carrier/route allocation; scheduling and load optimization; and the detection and mitigation of deviations.

• The interoperability of operations and logistics planning and execution equipment and software; joint and combined staff training; and cost-effective distributed simulations for operations and logistics rehearsal.

• Airfield improvements for heavier wheel loading and use of local materials, land-based structures, and equipment improvements to survive extremes of local environments; littoral-based structures and interfaces improvements to survive fouling and adverse sea states; and transportation equipment improvements to ensure delivery.

The key technology areas needing improvement are information collection and management; communications and networking; advanced distributed training simulations; materials, processes, and human systems for life extension; and cost reduction to reduce the logistics burden. Research is needed in establishing a common technical framework for distributed logistics simulations with authoritative environmental representations, timed logistics inputs, automated assessment and reporting, and appropriate human system interfaces. In addition, wideband communication management, multilevel security, rapid database preparation and access, high-performance computing, and data standardization is needed to yield faster collaborative planning, dynamic retasking, and more realistic mission rehearsal. To provide performance assessments at the individual and collective levels, measures of performance must be developed and incorporated into the models and simulations, and methodologies must be developed to support automated assessment and reporting.

To track people, equipment, vehicles, facilities, and supplies from origin to destination, item-level detail must be reflected in the logistics plan along with automated access to these detailed databases to seek out and merge prescribed information and provide real-time feedback on asset status, transportation movements, and the operational status of the logistics infrastructure. Replanning action can be triggered by plan sentinels inserted in the data stream that provide early warning of potential problems so they can be mitigated by corrective actions based on reasonable predictive analysis. To reduce planning time from days to hours and replanning from hours to minutes, COA evaluation tools must be developed that translate logistics capability into meaningful decision aids. All movements and loading must be optimized as closely as possible. Existing stocks and commercial sources must be evaluated against each requirement, and requisitions, purchase orders, and contracts must be autonomously negotiated and executed. The key is to incorporate, in advance, the ability to understand the impacts of alternative logistics decisions on battlefield and in-theater mission planning and execution.

4. Current Capabilities, Deficiencies, and Barriers

Joint Readiness. The performance goals within each functional capability, current limitations to achieving these goals, and the technologies required to overcome these limitations are identified for Joint Readiness in Table IV.F-3. In-theater readiness assessment and status reporting is currently limited to manual recording, relatively simple mathematical formulations, and educated estimates. The Status of Resources and Training System (SORTS) provides an estimate of current unit or force readiness based on a compilation of readiness evaluations from its component units. There is no effective predictive means for determining future personnel, equipment, or unit readiness based on ongoing operations and resourcing decisions. For example, if a unit is supporting a peacekeeping mission and not training to conduct sustained combat operations, it is difficult for a CINC to estimate with any reliability what the unit's proficiency will be to accomplish its wartime mission if it had to respond to a Major Regional Conflict (MRC) at some future date. Advances in performance assessment methods and the development of predictive tools will lead to more robust and objective assessments of readiness from individual units to joint force levels. Additional work is needed in providing performance feedback to trainers and trainees and in aggregating and synthesizing readiness data for high-level reporting needs.

Collaborative mission planning is currently limited to the passing of independently generated portions of mission plans from one service or unit to another. No real-time collaborative planning tools are currently fielded that enable disparate mission planning systems to share information. Mission rehearsal tools are limited to selected weapon systems, mission preview systems, and simulators—virtually all of which are in the aviation community. Realism, or human immersion, in the simulators is limited by the lack of authoritative representations of other systems, human and group behaviors, and the natural environment. Deficiencies and barriers to mission planning and mission rehearsal include disparate architectures among current planning systems, thus precluding interoperability; a lack of shared standards and protocols; and nonstandard databases.

The capability to conduct distributed joint, combined, and interoperability training is currently limited. Most often, live simulator-supported exercises are conducted at single locations. Not only does this involve high travel costs, but the simulation itself is most often limited to the use of artificial systems rather than real-world C⁴I and weapon systems and controls. Today's computer simulations are often time and labor intensive to plan, set up, and run, and frequently require large support staffs. The principal barriers to more effective joint and combined staff training include the lack of interoperability among service and allied training simulations and models and the lack of tools and methods for assessment and feedback. Another barrier is the absence of an embedded training capability in C⁴I and weapon systems. A common technical framework for modeling and simulation—based on a high-level architecture, data standardization, and a common understanding of actions and interactions—will help overcome the interoperability shortfalls and allow for a seamless, distributed simulation. Planning for interoperating with simulations from the requirements definition stage of new weapons and C⁴I systems acquisition will allow for more realistic training.

Real-Time Focused Logistics. The performance goals within each functional capability, current limitations to achieving these goals, and the technologies required to overcome these limitations for Real-Time Focused Logistics are identified in Table IV.F-4. To accurately assess or determine future readiness posture, it is also important to consider our capability to sustain the force and to maintain visibility across the entire logistics pipeline and across all logistics functional areas (maintenance, supply, services, medical, personnel, engineering, etc.). The current logistics spectrum is compartmentalized into functional disciplines with little or no data sharing capability. Efforts are currently under way in the Joint Total Asset Visibility (JTAV) Program, under the sponsorship of the Deputy Undersecretary of Defense for Logistics, to link these numerous stovepipe logistics asset databases. Improvements are needed in source data capture to provide accurate and timely logistics, operational, and infrastructure data. Assured advanced communications support is also required to transfer these data along the entire logistics pipeline from point of origin to ultimate destination. Combining these data with advanced methods to monitor logistics execution will introduce the possibility of a real-time logistics system to manage the in-storage, in-process, in-transit, and in-theater pipeline, as illustrated in Figure IV.F-2.

Visibility over assets and resources has continued to be a very high priority. Some of the efforts listed in Table IV.F-4 have provided inroads into cargo and asset visibility, but cost, operating ranges, reliability, human interface, size, and power sources all need to be improved. The Joint Logistic ACTD, supported by the Army's Total Distribution ATD and the DARPA Advanced Logistics Program, will take the first steps in providing the needed near-real-time asset visibility and control of the logistics pipeline.

Logistics planning is presently only loosely bonded to operations planning. The warfighting commander delineates the overall mission and concept of operation. The operations staff (J3) outlines the alternative COAs and the requirements necessary to accomplish the mission with little input from logistics planners on their ability to support the concept of operations. The summary level of their logistics portion of the plan does not usually reflect what will eventually move. There is very little real-time feedback to commanders to tell them whether they are deviating from the plan. As unforeseen events begin to affect the actual movement, operators and planners cannot predict the magnitude of the breakdowns or their location. The planning and execution processes suffer greatly from compartmentalized systems that lack the detail necessary to make timely and accurate decisions.

It is also important to reduce the burden on the logistics systems by extending useful life and lowering infrastructure and facility costs. The present transportation infrastructure is not a totally integrated intermodal system and reacts slowly when stressed by massive transportation movement requirements. During logistics over the shore, bare beach, or austere port operations, the transfer of cargo and fuel from sea to shore is not reliable. Wave motion compensation and near-shore soil assessment techniques are inadequate. On-site fabrication of cargo causeway systems in the sea surface environment is unreliable and unwieldy. Continuous-flow pipelines, on the surface or under the water, have proven unreliable, especially across extended ship-to-shore distances, which can be up to 25 nautical miles. Given the large amount of fuel in a 25-nautical-mile pipeline, if a break occurs, adverse environmental and operational impacts are sure to result. Batch systems have potential, but much more information is needed about reliable manufacture of composite bladders, shelf life, fatigue, sea chemistry effects, and abrasion resistance in the sea environment. The littoral environment differs enough throughout the world that fouling of facilities and operational areas has become a problem. Road, bridge, and airfield construction overseas, using local materials, is unreliable due to the often poor quality of the materials and poor ability to assess the ground mobility properties of the local terrain. Wheel and tread loadings for aircraft and ground vehicles continue to increase. Methods for providing rapid design, construction, and maintenance have not been put in place for the variety of environments anticipated, especially in cold areas. Portable, lightweight, self-erecting composite shelters with low signatures are needed, together with lightweight power generators, heat pumps, and waste disposal systems. Firefighting is hampered by a poor ability to detect fires and to see into a fire to detect problems and focus points. The firefighters themselves are often inadequately protected from the chemicals and heat, especially where hazardous wastes are involved. Many fire suppression agents are toxic and need to be replaced with new materials. Present fire rescue vehicles are inadequate to deal with crashes involving modern aircraft and need radical improvement.

5. Technology Plan

Joint Readiness. The currently programmed DTOs on the critical path to supporting joint readiness are listed in Table IV.F-5. An indication of the areas of operational capability most impacted by these technologies is provided in Table IV.F-6. Figure IV.F-3 illustrates how these technology developments support overall joint readiness. Note that these tables and the figure show that many DTOs from other sections are crucial to achieving joint readiness. These are primarily a series of battlefield visualization and assessment tasks in Joint Warfighting from Information Superiority (Section IV.A) and from Military Operations in Urban Terrain (Section IV.E). Several additional tasks from Information Systems and Technology (IS&T) (Chapter III of the DTAP) also critically support modeling and simulation needs for rehearsal and training simulations.

Technology Advances are needed to effectively link live, virtual, and constructive simulations. The Synthetic Theater of War (STOW) ACTD is intended to develop and demonstrate modeling and simulation technology for the next generation of training tools needed by the Combatant Command, Commander Joint Task Force, and the Joint Task Force Component Commanders and their staffs. This Joint Simulation System (JSIMS) will be the first training capability to fully utilize the data collection, assessment, management, and display technology advances envisioned in this plan. Several IS&T DTOs are on the critical path to enhance joint readiness capability. The most important are Simulation Interconnection (IS.10.01); Simulation Information Technologies (IS.11.01); Simulation Representation (IS.12.01); Simulation Interfaces (IS.13.01); Forecasting, Planning, and Resource Allocation (IS.02.01); and Assured Communications (IS.21.01). In combination, these technology focuses will demonstrate the use of a common technical framework (CTF) that facilitates unprecedented interoperability among simulations and C⁴I systems. The CTF framework will be used by STOW, JSIMS, Joint Warfare Simulation (JWARS), and all the other simulation developments. The collective goal of these efforts is to reduce exercise planning and setup time by 70 percent, reduce the exercise support cadre by 50 percent, and reduce travel in support of command post and computer-aided exercises by 60 percent. The DoD Modeling and Simulation Master Plan (DoD 5000.59.P) provides a more detailed discussion of objectives in this area.

This CTF and seamless interfacing enables real-time dynamic collaborative planning using automated mission planning and rehearsal across all service and mission areas. The Advanced Joint Planning ACTD will leverage the advances in distributed modeling and simulation to demonstrate C⁴I systems integration for distributed collaborative planning capability and common perception of the battlespace. This will result in an 80 percent reduction in CINC planning cycles for emerging crisis response and a 60 percent reduction in planning time for major deployments. This aspect of joint readiness is also supported by the Logistics Anchor Desk, which is to demonstrate a common logistics terminal; the Joint Logistics ACTD Phases II and III, which are to demonstrate collaborative logistics planning; and the Advanced Logistics Program, which is developing the advanced software and hardware tools for logistics planning, execution, monitoring, and replanning capabilities that are to be phased into the demonstrations over time.

In addition, other IS&T DTOs support Joint Readiness. The Forecasting, Planning, and Resource Allocation DTO (IS.02.01) addresses the development of a proactive planning process to avoid direct conflict or to react quickly if conflict becomes inevitable. The Assured Communications DTO (IS.21.01) provides the secure guards and firewalls needed at the B3 level of service and develops new communication waveforms with less susceptibility to jamming. The Individual Combatant and Small Unit Operations Simulation DTO (IS.40.01) is to develop the real-time, multisensory, virtual-reality simulation of the battlefield that puts individual combatants in three-dimensional geographic space to provide more realistic training and COA evaluations. Information Superiority technology feeds into these demonstrations by developing specific tools for sensing in-theater forces, reporting their readiness, processing and transferring the data, fusing the information content into decision-useful displays, and assessing and planning force and mission responses. The Rapid Battlefield Visualization ACTD (DTO A.06) will merge digital imagery with terrain data to rapidly develop databases that can provide realistic depiction of areas of operation for training and real-world contingencies. These databases must be highly accurate for each specific application in terms of surface resolution, guidance precision, friend and foe signatures, etc. The IS&T DTAP DTO, Simulation Representation (IS.12.01), will demonstrate the capability to reduce the time necessary to develop terrain databases by 75 percent or more to meet the needs of the Special Operations community for delivery within 96 hours to support mission planning and rehearsal. The Sensors, Electronics, and Battlespace Environment DTAP DTO, Forecast of Littoral Currents and Waves (SE.45.01), supports the objectives of the Simulations Representation DTO above, as well as exploits accurate forecasts for use in operational planning and execution.

Battlefield Awareness and Data Dissemination (BADD) ACTD (DTO A.07) will allow commanders to design their own information systems to deliver accurate, timely, and consistent pictures of the joint/coalition battlefield. Vital to these capabilities is a marked improvement in networking, multilevel security, and communication technologies, such as those produced by the improved Information Security ATD (DTO A.12) and the Assured Communications DTO (IS.21.01). Individual and small-unit performance in complex urban environments will be addressed separately in the Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) ACTD (DTO E.02) with a goal of increasing situational awareness at all levels by 50 percent and increasing force survivability by 20 percent. Feedback tools for training and joint force assessment methodologies will be demonstrated in the Joint Training Readiness (JTR) DTO. Investments in synthetic environments and distributed simulations can be leveraged to develop tools for linking performance in joint exercises to estimates of joint training readiness. Performance and assessment data can then be linked to cost-effectiveness evaluations and tradeoff decisions to guide joint training policy and resources. This effort is expected to result in a 30 percent reduction in time required to achieve training readiness and a 50 percent increase in the number of warfighting tasks demonstrated effectively during exercises.

Figure IV.F-4 is the roadmap for developing and demonstrating the technologies required to support the advancements in functional and operational capabilities that affect joint readiness. This roadmap shows how advances in advanced distributed simulation, communication technologies, and information management will provide significant improvements in the ability to conduct distributed joint, combined, interoperability, and staff training of various scales.

Real-Time Focused Logistics. The mission and supporting logistics planning must be accomplished in consonance if the overall campaign plan is to be successfully executed. It is critical to ensuring that the right capability, the right resources, and the right quantity of sustainment supplies are at the right place at the right time. Accurate and accessible information is the foundation on which the logistics systems must be built. This means automated capture of accurate data at the source; some form of automated sensing of the status of people, weapons, facilities, and sustainment supplies; autonomous connection of heterogeneous and distributed databases; semiautonomous search and retrieval; and intelligent query for information. The current DTOs supporting logistics are listed Table IV.F-7. An indication of the assessment, planning, and training functions that they support is provided in Table IV.F-8. The interactive flow between the various DTOs is shown in Figure IV.F-5 along with a listing of some of the key supporting technologies expected to impact their utility.

The Army's Total Distribution ATD continues development of the Logistics Anchor Desk (LAD) first initiated under JL ACTD Phase I and integrates it with logistics data sources. LAD displays logistics data in real time, thus allowing planners access to equipment and personnel densities, support requirements for mission-critical units or items, projections and summaries of sustainment issues, secondary-item density forecasts, ongoing logistics system and unit performance, and the status of ongoing deployment actions with an emphasis on critical items. Each anchor desk can share the work of other desks immediately by electronic data transfer, including integrated virtual conferencing. This integrated view of sustainment allows distributed collaborative logistics planning across services and echelons. The LAD workstation thus provides logistics decision work tools for transition to the Future Joint Logistics Workstation in the Joint Decision Support Tools (Joint Logistics ACTD Phase II) (DTO F.14).

The Advanced Logistics Program (DTO IS.46) is developing and demonstrating the planning, execution, monitoring, replanning, assessment, projection, ordering, loading, scheduling, and modeling and simulation tools needed to control the logistics pipeline. A key aspect is to reduce reliance on large government-held inventories while still ensuring that the right material is delivered to the right place at the right time. At present the major focus is on improving the visibility of the logistics pipeline, making better use and tracking of transportation assets, improving the distribution of sustainment supplies to provide faster and more flexible acquisition of supplies, improving tools for force sustainment planning and sourcing, and improving tools that allow the logistics COA planning to be linked to the mission plan.

The Real-Time Focused Logistics (Joint Logistics ACTD, Phase III) (DTO F.15) links and consolidates relevant logistics data sources, models, and simulations to provide a unique situation awareness capability to support real-time logistics management. Integrated planning technology and reliable broadband communications are expected to migrate from the Advanced Joint Planning ACTD (F.02) and the Information Superiority ACTD on Battlefield Awareness and Data Dissemination (A.07), on Rapid Battlefield Visualization (A.06), and on Information Security (A.12). Many of the tools for Real-Time Focused Logistics will be developed under Information Sciences in DTOs for Consistent Battlefield Understanding (IS.01.01); Forecasting, Planning, and Resource Allocation (IS.02.01); Integrated Force and Execution Management (IS.03.01); Simulation Interconnection (IS.10.01); Simulation Interfaces (IS.13.01); Universal Transaction Communications (IS.20.01); and Assured Communications (IS.21.01). Consistent Battlefield Understanding puts complex tactical information in geospatial coordinates into situational assessment tools and smart presentations. Forecasting, Planning, and Resource Allocation provides automated real-time mission planning tools to analyze and select courses of action, construct and analyze forecasts, and prioritize critical objectives to establish the base point for logistics. Integrated Force and Execution Management provides real-time multi-echelon monitoring tools that detect and display deviations from plans and provide automated recommendations for mitigation. Universal Transaction Communications and Assured Communications provide information exchange that is transparent to actual interfaces and connectivity and protect it with secure guards and firewalls and with new communications bandwidths with lower susceptibility to jamming. Simulation Interconnections and Simulation Interfaces provide the basis for logistics Training and Rehearsal Simulation interoperability through common modeling and simulation infrastructure and seamless interfaces. These capabilities will continue to be demonstrated in CINC-level exercises with ACTDs embedded in Joint Warfighting Exercises and migrate into the emerging Global Combat Support System. The warfighter's objective for focused logistics will be met through this DTO.

A supporting part of Real-Time Focused Logistics is ensuring that a resilient, low-cost logistics infrastructure is in place to support deployment and sustainment of forces without major interruptions. This is not just consumable items such as rations and ammunition. It includes the survivability of key transportation nodes and networks such as airfields; seaports, and pier facilities; roads, bridges, and railroad lines; communications complexes necessary to deploy forces and distribute supporting material and supplies; lightweight shelters to billet and support personnel; lightweight power, heat, and waste disposal units; kitchen facilities; fuel storage equipment; maintenance and repair facilities; medical support units; and communications and electronics facilities. Bridges, piers, and roadway surfaces must be rapidly designed, built, or modified to accommodate heavier vehicle weights, environmental erosion, and corrosion. In addition to being lighter, shelters also must be more survivable to withstand a greater variety and more lethal array of conventional small-arms fire, while still having a low profile to make them less observable and impervious to chemical and biological agents, fiber and dust clouds, and terrorist attacks. The other logistics DTOs (F.16, F.17, and F.18) and the Materials and Processes DTOs address these problems specifically.

The intended roadmap for developing and demonstrating the technologies required to support the advancements in functional and operational capabilities for Real-Time Focused Logistics is shown in Figure IV.F-6. The roadmap shows how total visibility of all warfighting resources can be achieved with advances in information collection and management, broadband communications, and distributed simulations. This visibility allows predictive planning and preemption, integrated logistics management, and time-critical execution of missions. These integrated tools enable faster acquisition of material; total visibility of the logistics pipeline; optimal scheduling of lift assets; more meaningful and less costly training, modeling and simulation; and collaborative planning, execution monitoring, and dynamic replanning. In parallel, Information Superiority (Section IV.A) will be developing the sensing, fusion and visualization technologies needed to supply reliable inputs to this entire process; while Materials/Processes (DTAP, Chapter V) and Human Systems (DTAP, Chapter IX) will be developing the time-responsive and long-life infrastructure that make real-time focused logistics effective and affordable.

6. Summary

Joint Readiness. Joint Readiness and Logistics is directly affected by many of the other JWCOs in this JWSTP and by many of the technology DTOs in the DTAP. However, the operational capabilities of training, planning, and assessment are essential elements that must be specifically addressed. Developments in technology promise advancements in these capabilities in the near, mid, and long term, as illustrated in Figure IV.F-7.

Real-Time Focused Logistics. The current logistics environment consists of disparate databases, compartmentalized by functional disciplines—material acquisition, supply and storage, maintenance, transportation, and traffic management; medical support and evacuation; and more. Future operations will demand that logistics planning be conducted concurrently with warfighting planning and development of the warfighting concept of operations so that total visibility into the entire logistics pipeline can be maintained. Only by applying and advancing information systems technology can these capabilities be met. Real-time focused logistics is at the heart of our ability to generate and support overwhelming combat power. It is the national capability that will deliver and sustain combat operation wherever and whenever needed. Real-time focused logistics welds the logistics disciplines into a seamless interoperable process, using the information processing technologies outlined in Figure IV.F-8, to create operational capabilities for planning, execution monitoring, and replanning. Logistics planning will be conducted concurrently with warfighting operational planning and will influence future battlefield decisions. Future logistics systems must exploit state-of-the-art distributed systems architectures, current state measurements from automated identification and other technologies, and heterogeneous database access and maintenance techniques. These must be supported by an assured, reliable, robust logistics communications infrastructure for continuous visibility of the logistics pipeline. It is only through the complex linkage of operational and logistics planning, execution monitoring, dynamic replanning, and end-to-end system visibility that success can be ensured in future operations.