Counterproliferation

Program Description

The objective of the Counterproliferation (CP) ACTD is to develop, integrate, demonstrate, and transition to the warfighters an integrated, militarily ready capability to destroy Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) facilities. The driving requirements include predicting and controlling collateral effects, prompt response, and reliable kill. Over two phases, the ACTD will:

• integrate weapons, sensors, target planning tools/procedures, and collateral effects algorithms;

• demonstrate their effectiveness against WMD-related fixed targets; and

• provide residual capabilities and tactical lessons learned during both phases to theater/task force commanders.

ACTD Participants

As the Executive Agent for managing and executing the ACTD, the Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA) is responsible for overall program management, interagency coordination, advocacy, and management of RDT&E funding, scheduling, site support, and data acquisition. The principal user sponsor is U.S. European Command (USEUCOM) with support form U.S. Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM).

Other development organizations involved include Wright Laboratory, selected Department of Energy Laboratories, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office. Day-to-day operations are jointly managed by a USEUCOM-appointed Operations Manager and a DNA-appointed Demonstration Manager.

Residual Capability

The CP ACTD will ultimately provide a residual operational capability consisting of a depth-of-burst detection fuze, an automated munitions effectiveness assessment tool, and the collateral effects predictions algorithm. Upon completion of Phase II and after potential modifications based on Phase I results, the "smart fuze" would go "on-the-shelf," available for contingency use with maintenance and surveillance support from Wright Laboratories. The software tools would be provided to the Joint Analysis Center (JAC) at RAF Molesworth, U.K., the U.S. Air Force, Europe (USAFE) Warrior Preparation Center, the Joint Warfighting Center (JWFC) at Fort Monroe, Virginia, and to any other CINC who may request them.

Concept of Operations and Technical Approach

International concern of the proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction was initially heightened by the post-DESERT SHIELD disclosure of the unexpected depth and scope of Iraq's efforts to obtain these weapons. During and after DESERT SHIELD, it became further evident that:

• the current U.S. inventory of hard-target munitions is deficient in its capability to hold at risk hardened targets;

• WMD and WMD-related assets or activities protected by hardened structures will require weapons with discriminate lethality to disrupt/destroy them while minimizing collateral effects;

• planning for attack of WMD or WMD-related targets must be based on fine-grained intelligence and an ability to accurately assess the consequences of WMD material release;

• battle damage assessment involving WMD targets must be improved to reduce exposure of weapon delivery personnel and to underpin restrike decisionmaking; and

• an adverse weather capability to hold hard targets at risk requires development and demonstration.

The concern over WMD proliferation was further intensified after DESERT SHIELD by the potential availability of WMD materials, experts, or even weapons from former Soviet programs; the WMD ambitions of North Korea, Iraq, Iran, Syria and others; SARIN releases in the Tokyo subway system; and concern that the Oklahoma City or World Trade Center bombings could be repeated with WMD rather than high explosives.

In response to subsequent concerns formally expressed by the Defense Science Board, the Defense Policy Board, and a 1994 Report to Congress signed by the Deputy Secretary of Defense, Congress provided funding for a Counterproliferation Support Initiative. The CP ACTD emerged as another element of the CP Initiative.

Two Phase Approach

The CP ACTD is being conducted in two phases. The objective of Phase I is to employ current or very-near-term technology products in weapons, sensors, target planning, and collateral effects minimization; and to operationally demonstrate the capabilities against simulated biological agents housed in a soft, above-ground structure in early 1996. The Phase II objective is to exploit emerging technology products in weapons, sensors, and target planning by demonstrating that they substantially improve capabilities through operationally realistic attacks against simulated chemical weapons production in a hardened, cut-and-cover structure beginning in FY97. A mutual objective of both phases is to translate the results into residual WMD counterforce tactics and capabilities for exploitation by theater commanders in regional conflicts involving the threat or actual use of WMD by an adversary.

For Phase I, intelligence data will be provided by National Technical Means targeted against construction and utilization of a concrete and masonry earth-covered facility housing simulated biological storage facilities. Target planning will be accomplished by existing mission planning and collateral effects (hazard dispersal) algorithms. An existing penetrating weapon, modified with a recently proven void-sensing fuze, will be delivered by U.S. delivery platforms selected by USEUCOM. Post-attack damage assessments will be compared to pre-attack predictions to identify strengths or weaknesses of the target planning/collateral effects prediction tool that will be provided to the regional CINCs as an interim operational capability. Figure 3-5 illustrates the notional concept of operations for Phase I.

Figure 3-5: ACTD CONOPS for Phase I

The emerging technologies for Phase II include sensors and data fusion for target planning and Battle Damage Assessment (BDA); methodologies to assess weapon effectiveness in terms of target structural and functional damage/kill and agent dispersal/collateral effects, including meteorological effects; and enhancements in adverse weather weapon delivery, plus improved weapon penetration, warhead lethality, and fuzing to provide greater flexibility, minimal collateral effects and high probability of kill against WMD-related facilities. Figure 3-6 illustrates the notional concept of operations for Phase II.

Figure 3-6: ACTD CONOPS for Phase II

Both phases will be conducted at the White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) and will involve surrogate targets housing simulated WMD activities. Phase I was completed in early FY96 and Phase II will be completed in FY98.

It is expected the following items will comprise the residual operational capability after Phase II:

• Ten Munitions Effectiveness Assessment (MEA)/collateral effects prediction sets, two for USEUCOM and one for each USEUCOM component

• Nine Unattended Ground Sensor (UGS) packages, six UGSs per package

• Four Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) modification kits

• Eighteen advance unitary penetrator weapons, comprised of the steel/tungsten penetrator case, the high-explosive fill, the "smart fuze" from Phase II, Inertial Terrain-Aided Guidance (ITAG) precision guidance, and the weapon borne sensor

Program Management

The DNA-appointed Demonstration Manager is the focus during technical planning, construction, and facility preparation activities of the ACTD, with a complementary Operations Manager from USEUCOM cognizance and participation as needed to support technology prioritization, operational concept and scenario development, and demonstration planning. When operational aspects of the ACTD commence, the Operations Manager becomes the focus with the Demonstration Manager performing a complementary role. Post-test activities involve essentially equal participation by both managers.

The ACTD schedule is provided in Figure 3-7.

Figure 3-7: CP Schedule

CP points of contact are listed below.

AT Staff	Service/Agency POC	User Sponsor
Dr. Louis Marquet (703) 614-8436	Mr. Vayl Oxford DNA (703) 325-4899	COL Al Leister EUCOM (703) 693-4580

Master Plan Table of Contents