By FY98 develop and demonstrate a JTF Battlespace Awareness and Visualization capability (CINC/CJTF to lower echelons) which provides a consistent, accurate, comprehensive and timely Battlespace picture (C2, INTE L, LOG, Weather, Obstacle, etc). This picture provides selectable detail and resolution, and links to remote information to continuously acquire and fuse multi-sensor, multi-media data with levels of uncertainty. This capability includes cognitive support and decision aids, 2D/3D Battlespace Visualization, collaborative capabilities, and automated fusion analysis and forecasting of information, including Battle Damage Assessment. Consistent Battlespace Understanding is supported by automated data validation and validity tags, intelligent agents for information retrieval, filtering and deconfliction, and mission tailored presentation and large, distributed databases. This includes providing cueing to CAI systems, containing information necessary to resolve uncertainty and improve understanding. This initiative overcomes current limitations in the management and display tactical information (tabular, spatial, operational, etc). Consistent Battlespace Understanding facilitates rapid, effective decisions on the Joint Battlefield resulting in 50% improved force synchronization, 20% reduced casualties and faster realization of operational objectives. Consistent Battlespace Understanding will benefit CINC/JTF Commanders and staff, and enable them to exploit and shape the battlespace so as to fight on their own terms.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

By FY97, provide objectives to task Monitor Air Attack Plan enabling strategic replanning of the ACP in minutes rather than hours. By FY98 develop and demonstrate an automated real time capability to analyze and select alternative courses of action, construct forecasts, prioritize critical objectives, and develop plans to permit rapid rehearsal and evaluation of Battlespace options (5 times the # of COA's in 10% of the time for joint ops plans). Planning will be continuous and will leverage the development of intelligent agents to initiate and sustain planning and forecasting. This development includes collaborative, distributed planning and scheduling, automated target/shooter pairing, smart alerts, and interactive wargaming as an integral part of the rehearsal process. By FY98 generate at least 80% of the ATO automatically and reschedule tanker/airlift operations in 15% of current timelines. BY FY99 reduce the in theatre footprint of the JFAAC AOC by 60%. By FY00, reduce the Tanker/airlift Control Center staff by 40%. This capability will dramatically improve the Warfighter's ability to anticipate, prepare and respond to dynamic, uncertain Battlespace situations and events. The Forecasting, Planning and Resource Allocation initiative overcomes the manual, time-consuming and unreliable planning and rehearsal process employed today. It will dramatically reduce cycle times and deny the enemy the time and means to respond. As the complexity and temp of the Battlespace increases, the value of the Forecasting, Planning and Resource Allocation DTO will manifest itself in 20% reduced casualties and fratricide, and a 50% reduction in planning/replanning time. This initiative benefits CINC\ JTF Commanders and staff.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

By FY98 develop & demonstrate the capability to collaboratively execute plans, synchronize forces and monitor tactical operations across joint forces. This includes plan deconfliction dynamic plan repair/modification and re-synchronization of joint forces. By FY99, provide integrated Force Management includes distributed, collaborative situation awareness, dynamic shared warplanning that deals with uncertainty, decision support for the spectrum of C4I operations, and continuous allocation of shared resources (logistics, sensors, etc.). Fully coordinated operations across the force will result in faster adjustment of mission plans in a dynamic tactical environment, a 20% reduction in casualties and fratricide, and a 50% improvement in force synchronization. This initiative enables the warfighter to overcome the manual, unsynchronized and time consuming processes employed today to coordinate, execute & adapt simultaneous operations.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

For interconnection, the major technical challenges include: (1) establishing the architectural design, protocols and standards, multi-level security, and use of dynamic multicast groups for the interoperability of simulations, (2) providing the maximum possible interoperability among simulations at different levels of resolution and (3) establishing common application gateways (M&S surrogates) and time management services to all simulations.

The key element of this new capability is the development of a high level architecture and a run time infrastructure to be prototyped and demonstrated in FY96. In FY97, a second version of prototypes will be used to test the run time infrastructure along with the development of a high level architecture compliance test process. In order to fully implement the Objective, development of new network communications services, application support services, new protocols and standards, and the application of dynamic multicast grouping technologies will be required. This effort will begin in FY97 and will be completed in FY01. These efforts will support the Synthetic Theater of War (STOW 97) ACTD.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

In FY97, the initial version of conceptual models of the mission space will be fielded. Pilot studies of modeling and simulation verification, validation, and accreditation procedures and guidelines will be initiated. In FY97, pilot studies on data security will be completed. Techniques for modeling complex data structures (e.g., highly derived data, command hierarchies, artifacts of legacy systems, etc.) initiated in FY96, will be demonstrated and completed in FY00. These new capabilities will be focused on supporting modeling and simulation system developers. These efforts will also support the Synthetic Theater of War (STOW 97) ACTD.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

In FY97, this capability will provide enhanced representations of rapidly generated terrain databases to support a 72 hour crisis rehearsal. System representations, under development by the Services, will continue through FY97. Demonstrations of enhanced system representations will begin in FY98. In FY96, a human behavior taxonomy will be developed as well as the establishment of a Warfighter distributed test bed. In FY97, tools and techniques used to acquire knowledge of individual performance will be developed.

These efforts will support the Synthetic Theater of War (STOW 97) ACTD, as well as Joint M&S system developments like JSIMS, JWARS, JCOS, and JLOTS.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

In FY97, the interface with real-world C4I systems will include a demonstration of automated weapon and target pairing, as well as the initial development of a fully integrated live/virtual command and control network. The interface with live systems and vehicles will require the development of a DoD high-level simulation architecture (HLA) run time infrastructure (RTI) live system modular reconfigurable C4I interface (MRCI). The MRCI will be demonstrated in FY97, and will be applicable for training, acquisition, and analysis. Design and manufacturing interfaces will depend on the integration of commercially developed data exchange protocols for computer aided design and manufacturing tools with military simulations. Initial demonstrations of this capability will begin in FY-98. These efforts will also support the Rapid Force Projection Initiative (RFPI) ACTD.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

By FY97 demonstrate heterogeneous distributed computing incorporating multi media data, shared context collaboration, video conferencing and intelligent agent based data acquisition over wide area networks. By FY98 demonstrate incorporation of mobile computing nodes into the infrastructure. This includes the operation over lower bandwidth, more error prone communication channels. protocols to allow entry/departure and re-entry into the configuration; resource management mechanisms to allow allocation and binding of processes and data across the hybrid fixed/mobile configuration. By FY00 demonstrate adaptive reconfiguration of a 100 node infrastructure to support dynamic crisis response. Technical Barrier: Uniform and timely global access to applications and data.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

This program will develop and use an advanced architecture based on Object Oriented technologies and Distributed Computing Environments.

By FY97 demonstrate geographically distributed, highly collaborative, time sensitive plan generation and analysis. Capability will be integrated with an ultra high performance global network and access to High Performance Computing sites to provide universal access. By FY98, in conjunction with the Advanced Joint Planning ACTD, provide a "leave in place" prototype capability for USPACOM, USACOM and USEUCOM and US FORK. Technical Barrier: Establishing and advanced object oriented architecture that will support portable systems for the commander of JTF.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

By FY97 demonstrate the ability to secure a locally distributed, real time computing cluster, and an object oriented database management system. Demonstrate response tools to detect corrupted code and signs of penetration. By FY98 demonstrate the ability to secure Internetted clusters of COTS based, heterogeneous computing elements. Demonstrate tools which (1) support global policy enforcement across platforms with different security mechanisms, and (2) support the development of adaptive policies which can respond to changing system dynamics without compromising security attributes. Technical Barrier: Assure confidentiality and integrity of data at multiple classification levels in systems accessed by users with different clearances and needs-to-know.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

By FY97 demonstrate the ability to dynamically select and apply fault avoidance/fault recovery mechanisms using intelligent agents which monitor system status. By FY99 demonstrate graceful degradation by dynamically reallocating computing resources to critical processes in a diminished resource set resulting from failures or hostile action. Technical Barrier: Survivability and graceful degradation of mission functions in a failure prone and hostile environment.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

FY97: Develop adaptive information distribution processes based on active database technology that allows information exchange requirements to vary automatically in constrained environments. FY98: Develop model-based robust recovery techniques to respond to anomalies and provide real-time display of recovery process. FY00: Demonstrate scalability of CBC2 to large systems of mobile/portable computers to provide situational awareness and interoperable C2 on the move in bandwidth constrained environments. Technical Barrier: The ability to use information context and military echelon cognizance to intelligently filter and distribute information to the battlefield using available communications resources.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

By FY97 demonstrate the feasibility of having a high density of users be able to retrieve multimedia information from network servers through a low cost wireless, ultra lightweight terminal. By FY97 demonstrate wireless transceiver technology supporting 64 Kbps to 155 Mbps at frequencies up to 2.4 Ghz (supporting speed corresponding to many common standards). By FY98 demonstrate Wireless Internet Gateways (WINGS) needed to enable seamless marriage of distributed, dynamic, self organizing, multihop, wireless networks with emerging multimedia internet. By FY98 demonstrate scaleable architecture that can support wireless access across multiple overlay networks (BARWAN) while delivering high levels of end to end performance. By FY98 demonstrate a prototype LEO payload to support Direct Broadcast Satellite using an adaptive spread Aloha protocol. By FY98 demonstrate wireless communications technologies (dual use) in the areas of Hand Held Multimedia, Multihop Radio, Intelligent Information Servers, and miniature filters and by FY98 demonstrate the ability to support real time applications (including video) using the Real Time Internet Protocol in a digital Wireless Communications Government/Industry Test Bed. Demonstrate 10 times data rate increase for selected untethered subscriber communities by FY98. Extend access to the ATM global grid to all warfighters using GBS and emerging mobile commercial services by FY99. This will enable the warfighter to develop concepts and plans without imposing a priori constraints on their thought processes by providing seamless connectivity; automatic adaptive information conditioning; location independent, personal and group addressing; and flexible adaptive access control. Technical barriers associated with this DTO include protocols and network control for a high population, high capacity mobile network; null steering antennae algorithms; multimedia over low data rate channels.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

By FY97 demonstrate secure guards and firewalls at B3 level of service. In FY97 Multi-Level Security requirements will be addressed by the insertion of TEED hardware into TFXXI. TEEDs to support the tactical IP Internetwork are projected to be available by testing with Intel and logistics users in FY97. Following successful development and testing, TEEDS will be upgraded to support ATM cell encryption using Baton technology in FY98. By FY98, cell agile FASTLANE encryption devices will be exploited in joint service testing. This will provide the Warfighter with a high degree of confidence that he will have connectivity to whomever and wherever he needs it throughout the phases of the battle, with no attention to different operational levels of security. It will support global logistics information and tracking of warfighter resources in real time. Global connectivity in support of M&S needs is also supported by this DTO.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

By FY96 provide SNMP control IP networks in Navy's Joint Maritime Communication System (JMCOMS) program. By FY97 demonstrate dynamic planning, monitoring, and adaptation of communication networks, incorporating Automated Network management of tactical internetworks into the Army's TFXXI. Also by FY97 SNMP control of ATM (Ashore) and SNMP control of selected radio room equipment in Navy's JMCOMS program. By FY98 demonstrate standards based ATM and Internetwork protocol (IP) net management of global internetworks integrated into a JTF environment. Demonstrate a peer-to-peer interoperability between different network management systems including commercial and allied systems. By FY99 SNMP control of the Joint Tactical Switch System (JTSS) in Navy's JMCOMS program. Also by FY99, transition Integrated Management System prototypes developed for the DISN LES environment to a Tri-service global network management facility. By FY00 SNMP control of ATM and provide SNMP(V)2 or CMIP reports to CJTF/NAVFOR/MARFOR in Navy's JMCOMS program. This will enable the Warfighter to have a high degree of confidence that he will be provided with the necessary communications services required by all phases of the battle.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

Continue joint ATM experimentation in bandwidth on demand to support multimedia information requirements through DS-3 (LES) connection to other service labs from FY96-99. In FY96 demonstrate the integration of voice and data services in low rate tactical communications systems using HF and SATCOM. In FY97 insert ATM switching into the Army's MSE, develop a field demonstration version of the Air Force's SSCN and continue the Navy's shipboard MONET program to support joint task force multimedia requirements. In FY96 and 97 demonstrate Direct Broadcast Satellite technology in joint service exercises. To support OTM operations, demonstrate low profile antennas for both military (UHF, SHF) and commercial (C,Ku,X) SATCOM airborne and mobile ground tactical vehicles in FY96 and 97, and MILSTAR by FY98. By FY98, demonstrate GBS conformal antenna on aircraft and submarine platforms. By FY98 demonstrate a single panel optically controlled (photonic) phased array antenna, leading to a full sized optically controlled multibeam phased array antenna for satellite and terrestrial high data rate airborne and ground OTM communications by FY99. Demonstrate satellite and terrestrial PCS in FY97 and 98 to exploit both commercial CDMA and BCDMA technology for Army, AF, and Marine Corps applications. Demonstrate space crosslink technology via two maneuvering air platforms. To extend ATM services to forward tactical units, a Radio Access Point (RAP) will be tested in FY98. By FY97, begin joint experiments with a high capacity trunk radio (HCTR) to feed a variety of mobile subscriber services. By FY98, both manned and unmanned aerial platforms will be fitted with wideband relays to support OTM tactical (land and sea) operations at bandwidths of up to 155 Mbps. By FY00 demonstrate next generation mobile IP services connecting tactical internetworks for littoral and expeditionary warfare among Marine Corps, Navy, and Army combat net radio networks. This initiative overcomes technical barriers associated with incorporating emerging commercial standards into a battlefield environment, the design of protocols able to adapt to rapidly varying conditions, and the ability of disadvantaged links to support multimedia information services.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

In FY98-99 demonstrate a highly flexible radio architecture, allowing rapid waveform re-programmability/re-configurability to support the rapidly changing mission requirements of EW threat, interoperability, networking, traffic load, frequency assignment and general modes of operation. Provide the ability to enhance existing waveforms or emulate new waveforms simply by software or common module exchange. Technology insertion includes the use of advanced digital signal processors (DSPs), programmable four channel CYPRIS chip INFOSEC modules, and new interference cancellation (cosite) circuitry. It will use an open (industry releasable) system architecture, be highly software reprogrammable (waveform and INFOSEC), provide four simultaneous multiband multimode radio channels, provide networking functions and minimize the required number of antennas. Waveforms to be implemented include legacy waveforms such as SINCGARS SIP, UHF SATCOM Demand Assignment Multiple Access (DAMA), EPLRS VHSIC, Have Quick I & II (HQ I&II), Improved High Frequency Radio (IHFR), as well as high data rate packet waveforms required by the future digitized battlefield architectures, and commercial waveforms such as GPS and cellular radio. The Speakeasy core requirements specify multiband operation from 2 to 2000 Mhz. This initiative will eliminate the current lack of communications system interoperability and provide the Warfighter with the capability to communicate with anyone regardless of system limitations. Achieve significant reductions in logistics tail for supporting multiple radio systems for multiple applications. Technical barriers include the development of high speed digital signal processors, multiband antenna, and an industry/DOD joint radio architecture.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

By FY98, formalize the notion of system architecture and use this formalization to demonstrate the ability to statically evolve a system implementation by using the architectural specification to guide the replacement of selected components with components providing additional capability, and to support formal investigation of safety, security, and fault tolerance aspects of an architecture. The goal is to reduce the manpower and elapsed time to perform these activities over FY95 norms by 50% and 80%, respectively. By FY99, demonstrate the ability to use applications software architectural specifications to dynamically reconfigure an executing application in response to changes in its operating environment, reducing required manpower to perform same by at least 90%. By FY00, demonstrate the ability to use architecture specifications to encapsulate interface and protocol requirements by using architecture specifications to synthesize interfaces and communication mechanisms. When combined with the results of DTO's 27 and 30, this will pave the way for warfighter field programmable systems. By FY02, demonstrate the ability to perform architectural transformations, such as transforming an implementation to match a new target architecture, thus reducing software porting costs by 90-95% of today's experience. Results of this DTO will dovetail with other DTO's and joint technology initiatives in a timely manner to support the JCS Vision 2010.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

By FY97, demonstrate the utility of the new paradigm by using a KBSA prototype to develop and evolve an implementation of a software intensive military application, demonstrating at least a 5X productivity improvement. By FY98, complete the development of the advanced development model (ADM), increasing the KBSA's functionality. By FY99, integrate formal specification techniques into the KBSA, support user-oriented collaborative design and hardware/software co-design, and demonstrate an order of magnitude improvement in productivity.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

Planned improvements call for (by FY97) database agents for air campaign planning to locate high priority targets in minutes instead of hours. By FY98, 100%-125% improvements in location and access of required design data for large programs such as the F-22. By FY99, 50% improvements in data/knowledge through discovery/data mining techniques. Plan is to jointly work with the DARPA Intelligent Integration of Information (I3) Program. This improved capability for air campaign planning will assist the warfighter both in meeting his needs for information warfare, and in joint precision strikes, i.e., the Precision Force. By FY02, demonstrate near real time integration of discovery/data mining with sensor fusion and other ATR techniques. This DTO will support capabilities under the umbrella of dominant battlespace knowledge and information warfare.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

In FY99, demonstrate intelligent optimizing platform independent compiler with 5 to 10 times code improvement over 1995 baselines. In FY00, predict response-time performance throughout the design and coding phases for real-time and information processing HPC applications to within 98% of actual performance. In FY02, demonstrate high performance computer software engineering environments for reducing parallel software development costs by 75% over 1994 baselines. This capability will facilitate future intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance warfighter missions predicted for the battlefield of the twenty first century.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

By FY97, demonstrate the potential to reduce system engineering effort by 40% through the incorporation of object oriented technology. Demonstrate, by FY98, the potential to automatically incorporate extra-functional requirements, such as fault-tolerance and security, into mission critical software. Demonstrate, by FY00, the ability to efficiently perform field adaptable changes to incorporate new war fighting capabilities or interoperability requirements. Demonstrate, by FY02, the potential of knowledge-based technology to reduce total life cycle costs of software intensive embedded weapons software by 90% over the FY95 baseline. The products of this DTO will be combined with those of DTO 26 and 27 to provide the ultimate goal of warfighter programmable systems.

This DTO spans several of the designated warfighter needs/capabilities by keeping existing and future embedded systems operational and affordable. By addressing life cycle costs of software intensive weapon systems, this technology objective becomes essential to the ever decreasing defense budget, without risking the safety of the warfighter.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

In FY97, demonstrate learning of control on area mapping tasks, learning of tactics for coordinated behavior by multiple mobile robots on a surveillance task, and implementation in environments in which other agents are also learning; in FY98-02, demonstrate learning of tactics for coordinated behavior by multiple mobile robots on complex surveillance tasks, and distribute to service laboratories advanced tools integrating machine learning. This DTO contributes to Joint Warfighting Dominant Battlespace Knowledge by providing tools to create software for control of mobile surveillance and reconnaissance platforms, and to Precision Force by providing tools for the adaptive testing of guidance and control software in weapon delivery systems.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

By FY97 demonstrate a group datawall with spoken input and direct pointing interface. Demonstrate virtual environment for mission rehearsal. By FY98 demonstrate a large vocabulary, speaker independent, natural language input. By FY00 incorporate gesture interpretation with spoken input as synergistic interface.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

By FY97, demonstrate capability for 100 giga-flops per cubic foot for militarized high performance computing. By FY00 demonstrate a tera-flop scalable system with a hard-realtime secure operating system and middleware. By 2000 also demonstrate a high performance architecture independent software/system engineering suite for achieving a minimum of 50% overall efficiency on massively parallel computers.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):