Narrative--Solid divert propulsion is considered a requirement for operational shipboard applications. Solid divert systems are inherently easier to store and handle, and should meet insensitive munitions requirements. Tactical divert propulsion systems will be required to provide up to 5 g's of acceleration (possibly higher) during endgame engagements for terminal aimpoint selection. Burn time requirements may vary between 30-60 seconds for some engagements. To achieve a design that has long burn times and on-demand high acceleration capability, a multiple pulse grain will have to be employed.

Justification/Rationale--A prototype system was successfully tested during the BMDO/Navy Terrier LEAP Technology Demonstration Program with short burn time (~15 seconds) and low thrust (35 lbs). This system was demonstrated in two hover tests. A Theater Wide or Upper Tier interceptor divert system will require longer burn times and higher thrust than this prototype unit. A 200-lb diverter valve was static tested in November 1993 under Thiokol IR&D funding. This thruster uses a scaled-up version of the fluidic valves that were demonstrated in the prototype system. The Thiokol fluidic valve concept requires the use of high strength/high temperature materials which are very hard to manufacture. Recognizing the manufacturing process challenges and the need to provide a competitive environment, BMDO initiated an alternate solid DACS program. To date, the effort has successfully demonstrated a prototype of the poppet valve concept. Development, hover, and flight testing as well as shipboard qualification of these designs will be necessary to ensure the deployment of a safe and effective missile round.

Service/Agency POC:	Customer POC:	USD(A&T) POC:
Mr. Rich Matlock BMDO/TRC 703-697-4017 FAX: 703-693-1696 liv2itsful@aol.com	CAPT R. Wilson PEO-TAD/PMS422 703-602-0606 FAX: 703-602-0606	Dr. Donald Dix Dir. Adv Tech ODDR&E 703-697-7922 dixdm@acq.osd.mil

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

Program Element/Project	FY96	FY97	FY98	FY99	FY00	FY01
603868C/1270	8.1	12.0	15.0	6.0
Total	8.1	12.0	15.0	6.0

D.02. Integrated Sensor/Data Fusion Demonstration. In anticipation of future requirements for more sophisticated surveillance sensors for theater missile defense, BMDO is supporting an Advanced Sensor Technology Program (ASTP) and Integrated Sensor/Data Fusion Development. The principal objective of this program is technology development culminating in airborne surveillance demonstrations of a multispectral sensor suite consisting of a radar, IR sensor, and laser radar. Individual sensor data streams will be fused in real time to provide all-weather day/night capabilities. The goal is to demonstrate fused-sensor technology improvements for timely, long-range missile launch detection/warning and missile defense cueing, precise tracking for impact point prediction, launch point estimation, target identification and discrimination, and interceptor fire control functional support.

The technologies that are being pursued are multiple quantum well (MQW) focal plane arrays, smart focal plane arrays, eyesafe ladar, wide angle search radar for covert all-weather theater ballistic missile (TBM) booster surveillance, and tracking and discrimination data fusion algorithms. Both the ASTP and the Integrated Sensor Fusion programs will develop and demonstrate these technologies in laboratory and ground tests prior to an airborne technology demonstration.

Demonstrations--Ground test demonstration of multiple sensor data fusion capability using fault-tolerant neural network image processors will take place in 1998. The first airborne demonstration has been scheduled for FY 2000. The fused sensor suite will be used to observe targets of opportunity consisting of theater and strategic ballistic missile targets. Additionally, it will perform launch detection/warning, interceptor and other defense cueing, precise tracking, impact point prediction, launch point estimation, and discrimination.

Service/Agency POC:	Customer POC:	Air Force POC:
Dr. Dwight Duston BMDO/TR/T 703-693-1594 FAX: 703-693-1700	Mr. Duane Stott USASSDC 205-955-4570 FAX: 205-955-4337	Dr. Paul LeVan Phillips Lab 505-846-9959 FAX: 505-846-9666

Navy POC:	Customer POC:	USD (A&T):
Dr. Ron Gularte ONR 703-602-2141 FAX: 703-602-6824	COL Ralph Gajewski SMC/MGW 310-363-8667 FAX: 310-363-8667	Dr. Susan Turnbach ODDR&E 703-695-0005 FAX: 703-695-4885 turnbase@acq.osd.mil

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

Program Element/Project	FY96	FY97	FY98	FY99	FY00	FY01
603868C/1270	3.1	4.9	4.8	4.6	4.7	4.0
603868C/1270	2.0	3.0	3.0	2.0	0.0	0.0
Total	5.1	7.9	7.8	6.6	4.7	4.0

D.03. Advanced Discriminating Interceptor. Ballistic missile defense (BMD) interceptors must discriminate between real targets and other objects such as decoys and debris for effectiveness in an ECM environment, or against reentry vehicles accompanied by decoys. An interceptor employing these technologies used in an architecture including ground-based radar and space-based infrared satellites, can protect U.S. cities from ballistic missile attack and protect our fighting forces from theater ballistic missiles. Simulation results show that depending upon the attack scenario, the single shot kill probability increases by as much as a factor of 9 after addition of advanced interceptor discrimination capability (i.e., Pk increases from 0.1 to 0.9). An interceptor mass growth of 25 percent will occur and the interceptor alone will be more expensive than without advanced discrimination. However, the system cost will decrease because of a reduction in number of required interceptors. Instead of shooting two or three interceptors at each target to meet the system effectiveness requirements, only one shot will be needed.

The technologies necessary for interceptor discrimination are: lightweight laser radar, simultaneous multispectral LWIR focal plane arrays, highly uniform focal plane arrays, and data fusion techniques to combine the outputs of active and passive sensors. The Advanced Discriminating Interceptor Program will develop and demonstrate these technologies in lab tests and low cost interceptor flight tests. Systems benefiting from this technology are the Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle, THAAD, CORPS SAM, and the Navy Theater Wide Interceptor.

Demonstrations--The first discriminating interceptor demo will take place in FY01. It will take advantage of the fly-along bus in a BMD core program test. Additional tests are planned in FY02 and FY03. The first test will observe the target, decoys, and debris and perform real-time discrimination between them. One or both of the later tests may employ the discriminating seeker as the primary interceptor seeker.

Service/Agency POC:	Army POC:	Air Force POC:	Navy POC:
MAJ William Thomas BMDO/TC 703-695-8825 FAX: 703-693-1696	Mr. Duane Stott USASSDC 205-955-4337	Dr. Paul LeVan Phillips Lab 505-846-9959 FAX: 505-846-9666	Dr. Ron Gularte ONR 703-602-2141 FAX: 703-602-6824

Customer POC:	USD (A&T):
Mr. Don Boster PEO-ANMD 205-722-1833 FAX: 205-722-1178	Dr. Susan Turnbach ODDR&E 703-695-4885 FAX: 703-695-4885 turnbase@acq.osd.mil

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

Program Element/Project	FY96	FY97	FY98	FY99	FY00	FY01
603173C/1161	0.5	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.7
603173C/1270	12.7	14.0	14.4	15.3	15.4	20.9
Total	13.2	14.9	15.3	16.2	16.2	21.6

D.04. Advanced X-Band Radar Demonstration.

Narrative--By 2000, demonstrate a five-fold increase in output power of solid-state transmit/receive (SS T/R) microwave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs) which operate at 10 Ghz (X-band). Current Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) based MMIC technology provides approximately 10 watts peak output power. This output power can be dramatically increased using advanced GaAs designs such as metal semiconductor field effect transistors (FETs), pseudomorphic high-electron mobility FETs, heterogeneous FETs, and wide bandgap devices. Advanced MMIC module packaging technologies such as "stack module" designs can reduce the overall occupied volume of the MMIC T/R modules. This improves the efficiency of the device and its manufacturability. The modules improve the transportability of the system which utilizes the MMIC chips.

Justification/Rationale--The various MMIC technologies are targeted for use in the Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) radar and the National Missile Defense Ground Based Radar (NMD GBR), which are both X-band multi-element radars. Advanced SS T/R modules for the THAAD and NMD-GBR radars will improve their target detection capabilities by roughly a factor of two, allow them to discriminate various threats from one another by improving their sensitivities by a factor of five, and allow them to operate in a "burn-through" mode to overcome jamming and radio frequency interference. The Army's PEO Missile Defense is the supporting customer.

Service/Agency POC:	Customer POC:	USD(A&T) POC:
MAJ Dane hollenga BMDO-TRS 703-693-1826 FAX: 703-693-1696 dane_hollenga@csgi.com	LTC Michael T. Perrin PEO-Missle Def/THAAD 205-895-3467 FAX: 205-895-3391	Dr. Susan Turnbach ODDR&E 703-695-0005 FAX: 703-695-4885 turnbase@acq.osd.mil

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

Program Element/Project	FY96	FY97	FY98	FY99	FY00	FY01
602173C/1651	3.7	4.2	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.0
602173C/1161	0.2	5.5	7.5	10.5	10.4	8.2
Total	3.9	9.7	12.0	15.0	14.9	12.2

D.05. Advanced Space Surveillance.

Objective--Integrate the most advanced satellite technologies into a flight demonstration platform that can perform precision surveillance, acquisition, and tracking from space of future sophisticated ballistic missile targets. (Demo in 2003)

Advanced Technologies Required--This technology objective seeks to exploit the latest advances in remote sensing and imaging, onboard processing and data fusion, communications, satellite power generation, propulsion, and structural materials. The following examples are illustrative of the research and development programs being pursued to accomplish this objective:

1. Multi-Mode Sensors--Advanced materials and growth techniques will enable integrated focal plane arrays made from gallium arsenide and other III-V semiconductors to detect targets in many infrared bands simultaneously. Wide band-gap materials will be used to create sensors with sensitivity in the ultraviolet spectrum.
   
   
2. Multi-Sensor Data Fusion--Onboard fusion/processing of multiple sensor data types utilizing advanced computational hardware, hardware configurations, and software (algorithms).
   
   
3. Communications--High-temperature superconductors will provide the frequency response to enable spread-spectrum, code-division, multiple-access broadcast mode communications. Laser communications will provide point-to-point communications at greater than 10 gigabits per second.
   
   
4. Photovoltaic Arrays--Advanced multi-land semiconductor materials such as gallium antimonide coupled with novel solar concentrators will provide conversion efficiencies approaching 30 percent at reduced weight and size with extended lifetimes.
   
   
5. Electric Propulsion Engines--Plasma thrusters based on the Hall Effect will provide prolonged life of the maneuverable satellite, enabling orbital maintenance and transfer, at specific impulses exceeding 1600 seconds, simultaneously allowing for reductions in system mass.

Service/Agency POC:	Customer POC:	USD(A&T) POC:
Dr. Dwight Duston BMDO/TR/T 703-693-1594 FAX: 703-693-1700	COL Ralph Gajewski AFSMC/MGW 310-363-8804 FAX: 310-363-8867	Dr. Susan Turnbach ODDR&E 703-695-0005 FAX: 703-695-4885 turnbase@acq.osd.mil

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

Program Element/Project	FY96	FY97	FY98	FY99	FY00	FY01
602173C/1161	11.7	16.8	17.3	18.1	20.2	16.7
602173C/1651	6.0	7.0	7.5	7.5	7.0	7.0
Total	17.7	23.8	24.8	25.6	27.2	23.7

D.06. Cruise Missile Defense (CMD) Phase II ACTD. The joint Army-Navy CMD Phase I (also called Mountain Top) ACTD was the first demonstration of a new capability for over-the-horizon (OTH) tracking and engagement of low flying targets through the use of an elevated sensor suite which works in cooperation with surface-based air defense systems, such as an AEGIS cruiser or PATRIOT fire unit.

A suitable architecture for defense against cruise missiles was recommended by the 1993 Deployable Air Defense Study sponsored jointly by DUSD(AT), BMDO, and ARPA, and endorsed by the 1994 DSB Summer Study Task Force on Cruise Missile Defense. Both recommended new airborne surveillance and fire control radars to enable SAMs to engage beyond the line-of-sight of their organic surface-based radars, and to provide precision cueing to fighters to maintain their capability against advanced CM threats. These sensors could be carried in both fixed-wing and aerostat platforms. These assets would be integrated into an overall joint theater air defense system-of-systems.

Service/Agency POC:	Customer POC:	USD(A&T) POC:
Dr. Elihu Zimet ONR, Code 35 703-696-4773 FAX: 703-696-4274	LTC Pete Guter USAF, J39 CINCPAC 808-477-5390	Mr. Pete Hoag ADUSD (A&T) CMD 703-604-4557 FAX: 703-605-4561

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

Program Element/Project	FY96	FY97	FY98	FY99	FY00	FY01
TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
Total

D.07. Aerostats for Cruise Missile Defense (CMD). The intent of the Aerostat program is to field a limited operational capability by 2001. As currently planned, three large "strategic" and possibly one smaller "tactical" system would be left behind as residual systems following completion of system demonstrations on three areas: (1) development of a larger aerostat (nominally 91M) than the 71M aerostats which exist today; (2) aerostat deployability, handling, and availability; and (3) lightweight sensors. The overall objective is to provide a long duration elevated sensor system capable of disseminating high quality surveillance and fire control data to existing and future planned weapon systems operated by all the Services. The goal is to provide a robust capability over both land and sea in a littoral environment and to be capable against future advanced threats.

Service/Agency POC:	Customer POC:	USD(A&T) POC:
Mr. Jess Granone USSASSDC, Huntsville 205-995-4630 FAX: 205-995-2231 granonej@ ssdch-usassdc.army.mil	TBD	Mr. Pete Hoag ADUSD (A&T) CMD 703-604-4557 FAX: 703-605-4561

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

Program Element/Project	FY96	FY97	FY98	FY99	FY00	FY01
0102419A	13.0	40.0	110.0	140.0	115.0	120.0
Total	13.0	40.0	110.0	140.0	115.0	120.0