Beyond this, there are a number of DTOs which ABIS has identified as needed in the 2000-2010 time frame to fully realize the JCS's joint warfighting vision. DTO goals and descriptions are provided for these; however, program responsibilities and details and funding profiles for these will be developed in the out-years.

A.01. Distributed Situation Assessment. The goal is to develop an ABIS-proposed ACTD as an Adjunct to BADD ACTD to demonstrate capabilities for massive, distributed, heterogeneous database search and retrieval using the BADD distributed information servers as the information environment and the BADD WFA as the user's local client and database environment. It will emphasize several technologies and techniques for dealing with potentially ambiguous information and for creating integrated knowledge from diverse information domains. One goal will be to demonstrate the ability to create multihypothesis linkages between two or three separately managed information domains, focusing on managing consistency and ambiguity among multiple sources of red situation information. Another goal will be to create and demonstrate visual representations of multiple domain metadata with embedded hyperlinks that allow the users to create interactive, user-tailored "knowledge web objects."The ACTD will also demonstrate the use of speech recognition HCI for the WFA. These goals are consistent with the BADD goals but are beyond the scope of the currently approved and funded ACTD.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

A.02. Robust Tactical/Mobile Networking. The goal is to develop an ABIS-proposed ACTD which will demonstrate capability to rapidly reconfigure tactical networks using available terrestrial, SATCOM, and relay capabilities. It will incorporate existing transport conditioning and compression, such as Radiant Tin, progressive JPEG, etc., into the transport networks to automatically adapt messages at selected gateways to tactical forces. It will demonstrate capabilities to use out-of-band "orderwires" such as skypage types of circuits and other narrowband relays to input network priorities and status from the end users to the management systems. It will demonstrate the use of the BADD warfighter's associate as a potential gateway for signal conditioning and forwarding into the tactical networks, using user profiles registered in the WFA.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

A.03. Joint C4I for Rapid Force Projection. The goal is to develop an ABIS-proposed ACTD which will demonstrate the ability to provide rapid, just-in-time/just-enough command and control support for joint operations through the use of linked planning tools, on-the-move asymmetric communications, simulation, and intelligent triggers and alarms. The emphasis will be on developing operation plans at two levels: at the high level to determine feasibility of the linked planning areas prior to initiating the deployment; at the detailed level for the increments that are being executed at the current time and in the immediate next phase. The demonstration will show the effectiveness of automated linkage of the individual planning tools and the use of rapid (simulated) projection of operational feasibility to develop a "rolling plan"that can be executed for the initial stages even while subsequent stages are under development. The ACTD will also demonstrate the ability to bring air assets to bear early in the operation by developing "broadly defined"; air tasking that can be refined as the aircraft reach the objective area. The ACTD will demonstrate real time coordination between the air C2 and execution systems and the CJTF's early entry C4I systems to refine air tasking and assign specific targets "on the fly."The ACTD will demonstrate the use of automatic triggers and alarms to help the battle management staffs keep track of critical information, to track uncertainties, and to manage critical linkages between planning and execution areas. Collaborative virtual workspace technology will be used to provide an in-transit virtual command post.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

A.04. Intelligent, Joint Force Automated Battle Doctrine. This ABIS long-term DTO will address objective capability for intelligent, distributed, cooperative, automated battle doctrine management for joint force integrated offense, defense, and survivability, to include:

• Distributed, cooperative doctrine intelligent enough to provide "legal";-quality cues for rules of engagement on evasive and deceptive tracks.
  • Checklist of ROE options, deferral of response decision as long as practical
  • Recognition of enemy cooperative tactics and similar patterns
  • Automated provisions for management of uncertainty
• Integration of soft kill and avoidance into automated response recommendations.
  • Determine and rank C2W, deception, signature/spectrum management, dispersion options within 1 minute
  • Simulation of countermeasures effects and signature reduction in 2-minute medium confidence, 5-minute high confidence
  • Develop/disseminate automated unit tasking in seconds following option selection
• Over-the-horizon engagement coordination (extension of battle horizon and increased depth of fire).
  • Detection sharing on a contact-by-contact basis
  • Real-time linking of contact engagement/engageability information across the force
  • Cooperative engagement and forward pass

A.05. Retasking and Rehearsal for Coordinated Operations On-the-Move. This long-term DTO will address objective capabilities for retasking and rehearsal for coordinated operations enroute and on-the-move, to include:

• Dissemination of enroute coordinated task changes to tens of units in minutes
  • Retargeting/weaponeering information and mission folders
  • Mission route, timing, and coordination information
  • Dissemination and preview of alternative targets, contingency threat sets, and contingency tasks
  • Dissemination and preview of countermeasures options, response libraries, and effects
  • Mission preview
• Coordinated multi-mission, multi-echelon rehearsal of coordinated operations and simultaneous engagements (tens)
  • Force-to-force combat task and logistics simulation
  • Synchronized sensor-to-shooter-to-shooter walkthrough
  • Constructive, simulated threats and "virtual own force presence"; simulated IW/C2W and deception; tactical or rear echelon "red team"anchor desk.
  • Mission critique

A.06. Distributed Empowerment. This long-term DTO will address objective capabilities required to empower commanders and warfighters at all levels to act decisively and effectively, as follows:

• Dynamic tasking tied to central strategy
  • Distributed real-time database consistent with "strategy-to-task"; hierarchy of predictive battlespace opportunity planning
  • Distributed database dynamic updates to critical node hierarchy and strategic attack priorities
  • Continuous distributed posting and deconfliction of task/target/time/space/ spectrum allocations
  • Concurrent assessment of task progress toward desired end-state
• Support to tens of simultaneous coordinated operations
  • Distributed real-time database to update 5,000 task-to-task dependencies, assumptions, and temporal/geographic/resource constraints; and involving hundreds of participating units
  • Dynamic, distributed reallocation of shared and excess assets (aircraft sorties, surveillance, weapons, C3, and processing) to most critical tasks and targets IAW central strategy
  • Automated, distributed coordination of supporting tasks (e.g., massed fire support) and allocation of multi-mission-capable assets.

A.07. Adaptive Force Package Tailoring. This DTO will address objective capabilities to enable commanders to obtain information tailored to their mission needs and to dynamically adapt to changing tactical situations in real time.

• High resolution tactical joint force package tailoring
  • Ability to modify national forces database in <1 hour
  • Ability to plan major force reconstitution based on casualty assessments and new missions within 15 minutes
  • Ability to rearrange support logistics for rapid unit level relocation within 2 hours
  • Ability to detach, reassign, and realign support tail for brigade/unit forces within 3 hours
• Reduction of force movement and supply backlog during dynamic reconstitution and redeployment
  • Reduction in total life/time to redeploy due to in-theater reconstitution, lightweight forces, and increased lethality (less munitions) and survivability (high mobility, signature reduction)Ñ1-4 days in theater and 7 days from CONUS
  • 50 percent reduction in logistics response time CONUS to overseas
  • Reduction in total CONUS and intermediate support base backlog by 30 percent due to tactical reconstitution and better tracking of mission requirements and flow (ODS shipped X5 ammunition, X80 antitank ammo vs actual requirement)
  • 10 percent reduction of basing/distribution costs to manage flow of units and materials arriving to support current missions without backlogs or shortfalls to critical operations (commercial experience)
  • 50 percent reduction in global contingency inventory and storage (current DoD Log Strategic Plan estimates 30 percent)

A.08. Theater Joint Information and Spectrum Dominance. This long-term ABIS DTO will address capabilities for effective integration of IW and C2 to achieve theater-wide joint information and spectrum dominance

• Ability to monitor information and frequency space
  • IW/C2W BDA assessment capability for critical nodes, events
• Predictive control of IW/C2W options
  • Distributed, high fidelity simulations of effects vs "cost"of IW and C2W options from rear-echelon anchor desks in hours
  • Prepositioning of IW and C2W countermeasures parametric and coordination information in tens of minutes

A.09. Distributed Battlespace Opportunity Planning. This long-term DTO will address objective capabilities for distributed battlespace opportunity planning, providing look-ahead, multi-option optimization to a central offensive and defensive strategy across time, space, resources, spectrums, including:

• Precision attrition planning and evaluation
  • Integrated IW, C2W, hard kill options generated and evaluated in tens of minutes for tens of critical targets
  • Stealth and enhanced penetration/minimum collateral damage/WMD options planning in <1 hour for hardened facilities and well defended sites

A.10. IW Battle Management . The goal of this Near Term ABIS proposal is to develop an ACTD which will demonstrate an initial prototype IW surveillance network for a selected set of computers and communications, using existing firewalls, mail guards, MLS guards, etc., as the IW surveillance nodes. It will demonstrate the ability to monitor and display near real time IW status in the form of events, "tracks,"and estimates equivalent to an operational situation display. It will establish and demonstrate mechanisms to illustrate the ability to couple IW surveillance information into the network management systems. It will also support planning for both defensive and offensive IW actions in response to perceived or actual threats or attacks. An important aspect is the integration of this operational capability into the normal Force Management C4I system.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M): ABIS-Proposed provisional funding profile, pending development of implementation plans identifying specific PE's and projects.

A.11. Integrated Collection Management ACTD. The goal is to develop an ACTD which would demonstrate integrated collection management of SIGINT and IMINT national and theater sensors to optimize collection for theater needs. Other platforms and sensors will be included in the planning process for later insertion. The ACTD should address the following:

• integrated collection management of airborne and national assets
• all source tasking
• dynamic retasking of sensors
• tasking within enemy operating cycles (less than 24 hours, goal of 2-4 hours)

Programmed DTO Funding ($M): ABIS-Proposed provisional funding profile, pending development of implementation plans identifying specific PE's and projects.

A.12. End-to-End Task Synchronized Mission Support to the Warfighter. The long-term ABIS DTO will address effective automation of end-to-end sensor-to-shooter targeting support as follows:

• Dynamic, distributed joint target/BDA coordination strategy for thousands of targets across theater of operations
  • Near real-time tactical visibility of multimission target priorities and strategy (or center of gravity)-to-task-to-target relationship
  • Near real-time tactical visibility of mission support package available
  • Near real-time visibility of ISR coverage at tactical level
  • Near real-time visibility of ISR tasking/availability
• Distributed, automated aids for time-critical, man-intensive processes
  • Automated target recognition to locate/ID thousands of targets per hour
  • Automated target assessment/targeteering to thousands of targets per hour
  • Automated weaponeering of hundreds of targets per hour
  • Automated BDA/combat assessment of hundreds of targets per hour
• On-line, collaborative access to virtually deployed analysts for target assessment, weaponeering, BDA, combat assessment at tens of sites

A.13. Rapid Battlefield Visualization ACTD. The goal of this ACTD is to demonstrate capabilities to collect source data and generate high resolution digital terrain databases rapidly to support crisis response and force projection operations within the timelines required by the joint force commander. The objective timelines identified by the user are a 20 x 20 Km area in 18 hours; 90 x 90 Km in 72 hours; and 300 x 300 Km in 12 days. The RBV-ACTD will also demonstrate capabilities for the commander to integrate these terrain databases with current situation data, and manipulate and display the integrated databases to determine how to achieve his objectives and visualize his desired end state. A capability for rapid collection of high resolution (up to 1 meter grid spacing) digital terrain elevation data will be demonstrated. Imagery from aircraft and satellite platforms will be used to generate terrain feature data and map backgrounds. The RBV-ACTD will provide and leave behind the computer workstations and applications software to (1) generate high resolution terrain databases; and (2) analyze courses of action using mission planning and embedded wargaming software and conduct mission rehearsals. This ACTD will also provide a tool for further exploration of emerging warfighting concepts and doctrine. Four elements will be integrated: (1) source data collection, (2) digital terrain database generation and tailoring, (3) database dissemination, and (4) applications software. Six parameters will be evaluated: (1) rapid access to archived terrain data and imagery; (2) rapid collection of high resolution terrain elevation data and multi-spectral imagery using a tactically viable platform; (3) rapid generation of digital terrain databases including semi-automated extraction of some terrain features; (4) tailoring of terrain databases to meet specific user needs; (5) a hierarchical spatial database management system that will accommodate dynamic revisions and provide users quick access to data sets optimized for their needs; and (6) mission planning, rehearsal, course of action analysis, and embedded wargaming software to enable the commander to determine the best course of action to achieve his projected situation.

By FY98, demonstrate capability to satisfy Army requirement for 20 Km x 20 Km terrain data set in 18 hours and use data to plan crisis operations. By FY99 meet 72 hour requirement for 90 Km x 90 Km terrain data set, integrate with intelligence and situations awareness data, and wargame courses-of-action. By FY00, demonstrate ability to collect 1 meter resolution digital terrain data over 300 x 300 Km area, generate tailored databases, and support battlefield visualization systems to provide overwhelming tactical advantage in the battlespace.

Projected/Proposed DTO Funding ($M):

A.14. Battlefield Awareness and Data Dissemination ACTD. The goal of this ACTD is to provide a consistent view of the battlefield using direct digital broadcast satellite (DBS) technology. It will disseminate operational, intelligence, and logistics information widely and inexpensively throughout a theater of operation. The ACTD will also provide battlefield-wide digital connectivity through the use of commercial and military information management technology to create a "tactical internet";. Deployed forces will be able to request specific information using the tactical internet and receive it via direct broadcast. By FY97, demonstrate in CONUS an end-to-end system in support of TF XXI and Sea Dragon. By FY98, demonstrate the capability OCONUS. Leave behinds: information dissemination server and Pilot Service in support of evolving global Broadcast Service, and at least 30 GGCS compliant workstations, associated software, and communications interface equipment.

Objectives:

Allows commanders to design/tailor their own information systems
Intelligent push of information
Consistent picture of the battlespace
Query capability for warfighter
Enable total battlefield awareness
Broadcast information services instead of point-to-point data delivery

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

A.15. Ground-Based Electro-Optical Deep Space Surveillance (GEODSS) Upgrade Prototype System (GUPS). GEODSS currently has three sites at Maui, Socorro, and Diego Garcia to collect positioning and intelligence data used by theater commanders for mission planning and execution. Air Force Space Command has two significant gaps (Pacific and Atlantic) with zero coverage. GUPS is a much higher performance system with more accurate observations capable of detecting ten-times dimmer objects, searching and tracking twice as fast, and easily integrated into existing GEODSS network. It can also be used for asteroid detection and near-earth observation, if prioritized. GUPS is approximately one-third the cost of a new fixed ground site and its ability to relocate will improve ability to deal with basing rights issues. The contract was awarded in September 1993. CONUS Demo is currently underway with Search and Track to begin demo in January 1996.

PART 2 - INFORMATION SUPERIORITY