A.16. Unattended Ground Sensor (UGS) ACTD. The objectives of the Unattended Ground Sensor ACTD are: (1) to demonstrate the use of unattended ground sensors for environmental measurement (non weather), (2) to develop the use of UGS for deep strike by monitoring choke points, lines of communications, and fixed sites, (3) to improve the base of use of UGS by demonstrating emplacement means, long haul communications options and processing nodes, and (4) to address affordability issues to increase the quantity of these sensors to meaningful levels. The UGS will be integrated into a coherent ensemble for use on the battlefield. Communication paths and Processing software need to be developed. Technology exists for all of the components needed for this ACTD. UGS promises to add dimensions of sensing the battlefield which are not available with current sensors.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M): FY97 candidate; provisional funding profile.

A.17. Operator/Intelligence Interface ACTD. This candidate ACTD levers the intelligence correlation work that was developed under the Warbreaker Intelligence and Planning thrusts. ARPA-developed systems that automatically update databases from Intelligence traffic are in use in EUCOM today. SIGINT correlators from this program are in use in National SIGINT facilities. This ACTD addresses the need for robust intelligence that is developed rapidly and displayed in a command-tailorable format. The schedule is to transition SIGINT correlation to the Army in FY96. Standup interim system at CENTCOM for TCT tracking and validate reference architecture and force model in FY97. Standup system at EUCOM (distributed at multiple nodes) and demo complete Battlefield Awareness in FY98. Deployed capabilities will be upgraded in FY99.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M): FY97 candidate; funding profile is currently under development. Provisional estimates provided to be validated.

A.18. Semi-Automated Imagery Processing ACTD. Rapidly produce and field a capability that will significantly improve an image analyst's (IA's) ability to provide accurate, timely situation awareness to warfighters. The system will be demonstrated in a van configuration consisting of several IA workstations, a mass storage capability to provide memory for change detection, and an advanced processing resource to execute the image search and ATR algorithms. The advanced processor will be a cluster of processors to allow for both flexibility and speed. The van configuration will be available in January 1998 as a "leave-behind" capability. In addition, there will be a hardware software configuration that can be replicated as required into any environment that is capable of providing power and space for approximately three 19-inch racks of equipment.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M): FY96 ACTD;funding profile is currently under development.

A.19. Knowledge-Based Information Presentation. The goal of this long-term DTO addresses a set of warfighting needs for:

• On-line, collaborative access to full range of MC&G and environmental products over 10,000s of sq. km
  • 30m resolution "smart maps" in 10s of minutes for situation/plan reasoningÑauto feature extraction for rapid all-source production
  • 10m resolution maps in minutes for tactical and targeting situations
  • Collaborative mapping to merge commercial, imagery, and reconnaissance in minutes, with auto downgrade/release capability
• Fused, all-source picture tailored to required level of aggregation and security classification
  • Enemy forces identified with tactical unit association and uncertainty
  • Automated association of dissimilar products (images, SIGINT, etc.)
  • 98 percent awareness of "movers" over 5,000 sq. km area
  • Releasable coalition picture with <1 min delay
  • Fusion and access to non-DoD information at specified "quality of service"
• Fused blue picture which reflects status, planned events, capabilities, and uncertainty
  • Situation projection for own and enemy COA estimation
  • Continuous 1-5 min projection for designated targets, 20 min-1 hr projection for "movers" and 6-24 hr projection for major forces
  • Uncertainty projection and management

A.20. Cognitive Mission Support to the Warfighter. The goal of this long-term DTO is to relieve the warfighter's information load by:

• Tailored visualization and knowledge-based presentation of situation, plan, and execution status at varying levels of aggregation
  • Visibility of mission, centers of gravity, commander's intent, and information requirements to dynamically drive coordinated operations at levels of detail (crisis action, current operations, future operations, future plans)
  • Mission readiness matched to mission and task requirements
  • Mission capabilities projected vs. weather, terrain, and logistics constraints
• Collaborative situation and BDA assessment among Intelligence centers
  • Resolution of differing assessments of situation within decision cycle (minutes for time-critical tactical decisions and BDA, 10s of minutes for force coordination decisions)
  • Deception recovery; protection and tolerance of GPS degradation
• Common representation for battlespace "understanding"
  • Representation of completeness, uncertainty, and deception indicators
• Collaboration on and dissemination of "understanding" to all warfighters

A.21. High Altitude Endurance UAV ACTD. Develop and demonstrate a Joint, adverse weather, long-endurance, wide area, day/night reconnaissance and surveillance capability in both a low observable (LO) and conventional (Conv) configuration. The only requirement for each system is that the fly-away price of each air vehicle be <$10M, all other characteristics (range, altitude, payload, etc.) are flexible. Conduct initial LO flights in FY96 and Conv flight tests in FY97. Begin limited LO user demonstrations in FY97 and full-up user demos of both LO and Conv in FY98-99. The UAVs will carry a variety of EO, IR, and SAR sensors as well as wideband satellite communications. At the end of the ACTD (early FY00), transition a mix of one or both systems to the Air Force.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

A.22. Medium Altitude Endurance UAV ACTD. Rapidly develop and demonstrate a Joint, long-endurance, day/night reconnaissance and surveillance capability in a low cost, off-the-shelf, unclassified system. In FY94, conducted initial flight testing and begin demonstrations with the EO and IR sensors. In FY95, conducted overseas deployments in support of contingency operations. By FY96, demonstrate full capability including synthetic aperture radar, wideband satellite communications, 24+ hour endurance and near real-time motion video direct to the Joint Force Commander. At the end of the ACTD (June 96), transition three systems (each system includes 1 ground station and 3-4 air vehicles and Trojan Spirit communications) to the gaining Service along with trained crews and demonstrated concepts of operation.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

A.23. Small Satellite SAR ACTD. The ACTD would be a cooperative venture with the European SAR SAT (HORUS) development. The ACTD would cover development, launch, and initial operation of a small constellation of small SAR satellites. The small SAT SAR is expected to be a 1m resolution strip map mode sensor. The location of the collection strip would be controlled in theater. The processing would be done onboard or on the ground in theater. The technology has been assessed by industry and is considered available for integration into a spacecraft. The ACTD would provide a tactical SAR sensor that was not restricted by overflight considerations. The in-theater infrastructure would be limited to processing and a minimum amount of tasking. The sensor would not interfere with air operations. The international operation of the sensor system would permit ready sharing of intelligence data. This 5-year program would have a scheduled FY97 start.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M): FY97 candidate; funding to be developed provisional estimates pending international agreement. Nominal provisional funding profile, assuming equal cost sharing by foreign partners.

A.24. Wide Area Tracking System (WATS) ACTD. This program will demonstrate the capability to automatically detect and provide warning/response to vehicle delivered nuclear threats to typical air base or port facilities by 1998. The technology is well in hand for nuclear detection based on previous efforts within DOE and DNA. Existing nuclear detectors will be integrated into C4I/Warning system/displays.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

A.25. Counter CC&D ACTD. This ACTD focuses on foliage-penetrating radar (VHF or UHF) and the use of Hyper Spectral Imaging (HSI) on high altitude platforms to detect and identify obscured and camouflaged targets. The preferred radar frequency and the wavelength and number of bands required for the HSI is still being developed. A significant outcome will be a CONOPS for the use of this class of sensors on the battlefield. The current suite of theater surveillance and reconnaissance lacks the capability to reliably detect CC&D targets or to penetrate any level of foliage. This capability is essential to achieving total battlefield awareness. ACTD Concept Definition and HSI on Predator Demonstration are planned for FY97. Real-time Processor Demonstration is planned for FY98. The FOPEN radar capability will be integrated into the ACTD upon completion of the DARPA ATD.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M): FY97 candidate; funding to be developed.Profile shown is for technology development of Penetrating/Identification Radar, critical to Demo.

A.26. Universal Transaction Services. This is an ABIS-proposed long-term DTO whose ultimate goal is to provide the users the ability to exchange and understand information, unimpeded by differences in connectivity, processing, language, or interface characteristics. In particular, the following attributes should be able to be developed and demonstrated.

1. Automated interfaces for determining the necessary translations that need to be applied at network nodes where interfaces occur between systems of differing characteristics.
   
   
2. Techniques for enhancing the commercially available signal conditioning and for introducing automated brokering of user preferences (profiles) and network characteristics to determine the appropriate type of conditioning.
   
   
3. Provision of dynamic profiles and adaptive conditioning in gateways to the tactical extension networks.
   
   
4. Automatic, adaptive addressing to allow connections to be made to users completely independent of any knowledge of his location.

A.27. Distributed Environment Support. The ultimate goal of this ABIS long-term DTO is to provide all mechanisms and services required to allow the users to craft their C4I information environments from the full set of assets connected through the grid, including ability to establish distributed virtual staffs, to share a common consistent perception of the battlespace, and to construct distributed task teams among sensors, shooters, movers, and command posts. In particular, the following attributes should be able to be developed and demonstrated:

1. Advanced intelligent agents for information discovery and retrieval in massive, heterogeneous, distributed environments.
   
   
2. Ability to fuse information, resolve ambiguities, track multiple hypotheses and assumptions; ability to link intelligent agents in the warfighter's associate with ones in other computers in the network to establish a distributed warfighter's asociate function.
   
   
3. Merging of capabilities developed and demonstrated in the BADD ACTD with capabilities developed for ambiguity resolution, consistency management, distributed information discovery and retrieval, HCI, and cognitive support (e.g., visualization, information integration) to achieve orders of magnitude improvement in the ability to see and understand information provided from the distributed sources. Emphasize the ability to help the user deal with the massive volume of information that can be provided via wideband links.

A.28. Global Grid Tactical Fiber ACTD. This ACTD is a three-phase program. Phase I will focus on rapid cable laying to near-shore environment and providing wet connect I/F; Phase II will focus on littoral deployment onto shore; and Phase III will focus on expanding tactical interfaces ashore. The key technology for this ACTD is fiber optic technology. Key engineering/CONOPs issue would be the rapid deployment of the back of an LCAC to provide support to a littoral insertion. This ACTD will develop the means by which the fiber is integrated into inter- and intra-theater communications.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):

A.29. Information Security ACTD. The goal is to develop an ACTD which would demonstrate the use of existing guards, gateways, and multilevel workstations to provide automated interfaces among U.S. and coalition forces. Prior JWID demonstrations showed feasibility of using specific pieces of equipment to provide such interfaces, and the ACTD will build upon those demonstrations to achieve a higher degree of integration across the systems, rather than the case-by-case or link-by-link capabilities that have been the focus of the prior demonstrations. The ACTD will also attempt to provide cell encryption gateways for extending ATM networking across the coalition networks, building upon FASTLANE and other emerging products.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M): FY97 candidate; provisional funding profile pending development, validation of implementation plans.

A.30. C4I for the Grid ACTD. The goal is to develop an ACTD which will demonstrate capability to exercise federated management of JTF and component networks using JCPMS and existing Service systems, augmented by visualization aids that allow the network status to be projected onto the OPLAN and onto specific mission plans. It will also demonstrate capability to use simulation and modeling tools to project operational plans into the network loading and analysis systems to begin to develop anticipatory network management capabilities.

Programmed DTO Funding ($M): ABIS candidate; provisional funding profile pending development of implementation plan.

A.31. Assurance of Services. The ultimate goal of this ABIS long-term DTO is to provide high quality services that the users can be assured will be available whenever and wherever needed, that can be adapted, scaled, and projected to meet dynamically changing demands, and that can be defended against physical and Information Warfare threats. In particular, the following attributes should be able to be developed and demonstrated:

1. Advanced tools for cross-coupling the network planning and management systems with the operational planning systems. This should include rapid requirements generation using models and simulations as well as visualization techniques to allow the operational commanders and staffs to view the implications of C3I networks on this mission success projections.
   
   
2. The automated integration of information across systems and networks of varying levels of classification, including the electronic connection of U.S. and coalition systems. R&D also needs to be performed to support the control of access to information at the individual information element level, the individual user level, and the model-based aggregate level.
   
   
3. Technologies to detect, correlate, and characterize IW events. Develop and demonstrate techniques to project the IW surveillance information into the network management systems. Include the demonstration of HCI and visualization techniques that allow the users to view the grid status in terms of impact on ongoing and planned operations.

A.32. Joint Tactical UAV ACTD. The TUAV must provide the Army Brigade, USMC Marine Air Ground Task Force, and Navy commanders with a dedicated unmanned aerial vehicle system that delivers timely, accurate, and complete targeting and other battlefield information to their units in near-real time (i.e., military utility). The cost (including profit/fee) of the 33rd air vehicle with payload should not exceed $350K, and the cost (including profit/fee) of the 100th air vehicle with payload should not exceed $300K. The TUAV system must come as close as possible to meeting the basic performance requirements.

The TUAV system consists of Ground Control Equipment (GCE), one Remote Video Terminal (RVT) to provide payload information in the area of operation, four Modular Mission Payloads (MMPs), communications devices, four air vehicles (AVs), a means of launch and recovery, and one Mobile Maintenance Facility for every three TUAV systems. (Note: For ILS planning purposes, a TUAV system for the Navy produced during full-rate production would consist of eight air vehicles and Modular Mission Payloads, as well as maintenance facilities configured to the specific ship.)

Programmed DTO Funding ($M):