NTP 2 NAVAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROCEDURES
NAVY SUPER HIGH FREQUENCY SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL A-1

ANNEX A ACRONYMS

AAR After Action Report
AC area coverage
ACC Alternate Control Center
ACS attitude control subsystem
ADMS Automated Digital Multiplexer System
ADNS Automated Digital Networking System
AJ anti-jam
ANDVT Advanced Narrowband Digital Voice Terminal
AOO area of operation
AOR area of responsibility
ASCT auxiliary satellite control terminals
ASD (C3I) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence)

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ANNEX A TO NTP 2 SECTION 1 (D)

ORIGINAL A-2

COMMPLAN communications plan
COMNAVCOMTELCOM Commander, Naval Computer and Telecommunications Command
COMNAVSPACECOM Commander, Naval Space Command
COMSEC communications security
COMSPAWARSYSCOM Commander, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command
COMSPOT Communications Spot Report
CONOPS concept of operations
COTS commercial off-the-shelf
CRD Capstone Requirements Document
CSOC Consolidated Space Operations Center
CSTC Consolidated Space Test Center
CTAPS Contingency TACS Automated Planning System
CTU command and telemetry unit

DABS Demand Assigned Bandwidth System
DAMA demand assigned multiple access
dB decibel
DCS Defense Communications System
DCSS Digital Communications Subsystem
DECS DCSC ECCM Control System
DFCS DSCS FDMA Control System
DII Defense Information Infrastructure
DISA Defense Information Systems Agency
DISN Defense Integrated Services Network
DOCS DSCS Operations Control System
DOD Department of Defense
DOR Detailed Outage Report
DON Department of the Navy
DSCS Defense Satellite Communications System
DSCSOC DSCS Operations Center
DSN Defense Switched Network
DTEP DISN Tactical Extension Program
DTG date-time group
DTS Diplomatic Telecommunications System

EAM emergency action message
Eb/ No signal strength per bit per hertz of thermal noise
EC Earth coverage
ECCM electronic counter-countermeasures
ECH Earth coverage horn
EHF extremely high frequency
EIRP effective isotropic radiated power
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ORIGINAL A-3

ELANT East Atlantic
EL/ AZ elevation over azimuth
E-mail electronic mail
EPAC East Pacific
EPDS electrical power and distribution subsystem
ERDB Emergent Requirements Database
ESM electronic warfare support measures
ET Earth terminal
ETR estimated time of repair
EURCENT Europe/ Central

FDMA frequency-division multiple access
FLTCINC Fleet Commander in Chief
FMF Fleet Marine Force
FNMS FDMA Network Management System
FOC full operational capability
FSK frequency-shift keying
FTC Fleet Training Center
FTP Fleet Telecommunications Procedures
FY fiscal year

GBS Global Broadcast Service
GCCS Global Command and Control System
GDA gimbaled dish antenna
GHz gigahertz
GLOBIXS Global Information Exchange System
GMF Ground Mobile Force
GMFSC Ground Mobile Force Satellite Control
G/ T receiver sensitivity (antenna gain-to-noise temperature)

HAZCON hazardous condition
HEMP high-altitude electromagnetic pulse
HESSA high efficiency solid-state amplifier
HPA high power amplifier
HQMC Headquarters, Marine Corps
HT heavy terminal
Hz hertz

IBC in-band control
ICDB Integrated Communications Database
IDNX Integrated Digital Network Exchange
IF intermediate frequency
INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite
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ANNEX A TO NTP 2 SECTION 1 (D)

ORIGINAL A-4

I/ O input/ output
IO Indian Ocean
IOC initial operational capability
ISDB Integrated SATCOM Database
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISEA In-Service Engineering Activity
ITOS Interim Tactical Orderwire System
ITP Integrated Terminal Program
IW information warfare

JCSC Joint Communications Satellite Center
JCSI Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction
JDISS Joint Deployable Intelligence Support System
JFTOC Joint Fleet Telecommunications Operations Center
JMCIS Joint Maritime Command Information System
JMCOMS Joint Maritime Communications Strategy
JMPA Joint MILSATCOM Panel Administrator
JTF joint task force
JTG joint task group
JWICS Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System

K Kelvin
kbps kilobits per second
kHz kilohertz
kW kilowatt

LANT Atlantic
LDR low data rate
LNA low noise amplifier
LOA low observable antenna
LOW link orderwire
LRM low rate multiplexer
LSSA linear solid-state amplifier
LSTDM low speed time-division multiplexer

MARCEMP Manual Relay Center Modernization Program
MBA multibeam antenna
Mbps megabits per second
MBS mission bit stream
MCC Main Control Center
MCCDC Marine Corps Combat Development Center
MCS Mine Countermeasures Support
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ORIGINAL A-5

MED Mediterranean
MHz megahertz
MILSATCOM military satellite communications
MMD mean mission duration
MNS mission needs statement
MOP Memorandum of Policy
MT medium terminal
MTBF mean time between failures
MTTR mean time to repair

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NAVSATCOMMFAC Navy Satellite Communications Facility
NC narrow coverage
NCA National Command Authorities
NCISS NATO Communications and Information Systems School
NCT Network Control Terminal
NCTAMS Naval Computer and Telecommunications Area Master Station
NCTS Naval Computer and Telecommunications System
NIPRNET Unclassified but Sensitive IP Router Network
NITES Navy Integrated Tactical Environmental Subsystem
NOC Network Operations Center
NOW net orderwire
NRZ non-return-to-zero
NT network terminal
NTP Naval Telecommunications Procedures

OJT on-the-job training
OPORD operation order
OQPSK offset quadrature phase-shift keying
ORD operational requirements document
O/ W orderwire

PAC Pacific
PAO Public Affairs Office
PC personal computer
PCM pulse-coded modulation
PQS Personnel Qualifications Standards
PS propulsion subsystem
PSK phase-shift keying
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ORIGINAL A-6

QPSK quadrature phase-shift keying

SA solar array
SAA SHF Access Authorization
SACLANT Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic
SALTS Streamlined Alternate Logistics Transmission System
SAR Satellite Access Request
SATCOM satellite communications
SCCE Satellite Configuration Control Elements
SCPC single channel per carrier
SCSMS SURTASS Control Satellite Monitoring System
SCT single channel transponder
SGT satellite ground terminal
SHF super high frequency
SIOP Single Integrated Operations Plan
SIPRNET Secret Internet Protocol Router Network
SLEP Service Life Enhancement Program
SNC Satellite Network Controller
SOM System Operational Manager
SSMA spread-spectrum multiple access
STeL Stanford Telecommunications
STEP Standardized Tactical Entry Point
STU-III secure telephone unit-third generation
SUB HDR submarine high data rate
SURTASS Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System

TACS Tactical Air Control System
TADIXS Tactical Data Information Exchange System
TCC Tactical Command Center
TCF technical control facility
TCS thermal control subsystem
TDM time-division multiplexer
TDMA time-division multiple access
TESS Tactical Environmental Support System
TMS-C Telecommunications Management System -Classified
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ANNEX A TO NTP 2 SECTION 1 (D)

ORIGINAL A-7

TRANSEC transmission security
TST Transmission Systems Technician
TT& C telemetry, tracking, and command
TWT traveling wave tube
TWTA traveling wave tube amplifier

U& S Unified and Specified
UHF ultra high frequency
UMS Universal Modem System
USCINCSPACE Commander in Chief, U. S. Space Command

VIXS Video Information Exchange System
VME Versa Module Eurocard
VTC video teleconferencing

WLANT West Atlantic
WPAC West Pacific
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ANNEX B TO NTP 2 SECTION 1 (D)

ORIGINAL B-1 ANNEX B GLOSSARY

Access -The ability and means necessary to store data, retrieve data, or communicate with a system.

Agile Beam -A type of antenna, used on satellites, through which areas are illuminated with multiple beams in a time-division multiplex (TDM) fashion to provide an earth field of view.

Algorithm -A step-by-step mathematical procedure for repeating an operation or solving a problem.

Anti-jam (AJ) -The equipment, process, or techniques used to reduce the effects of jamming of a desired radio frequency (RF) signal.

Asynchronous Transmission -A transmission in which each character or symbol is synchronized individually, usually by the use of start and stop bits (e. g., teletypewriter signals).

Azimuth -An angular measurement of direction in degrees from a known reference (e. g., true North).

Bandwidth -The range of frequencies over which an amplifier or receiver will respond and provide a useful output.

Baseband -The band of frequencies occupied by the aggregate of the transmitted signals used to modulate a carrier, before they combine with a carrier in the modulation process.

Bit -Abbreviation for binary digit (1 and 0). Bit Error Ratio (BER) -The total number of incorrect binary (bit) values divided by the total number of binary values transmitted, received, or processed over a circuit or system during a specified time period (e. g., 1 x 10 -5 BER).

Bit Interleaving -The process of mixing the order in which the bits of baseband traffic are transmitted. This is done to counter the effects of short outages caused by scintillation, fading, and antenna blockages.

Broadcast -A form of communications in which a single terminal is designated as the transmitter and all other terminals are receive only.

C-band -The frequency band between 3.4 and 6.425 GHz. 90

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ORIGINAL B-2 Communications Security (COMSEC) -The protection resulting from all measures designed to deny unauthorized persons information of value which might be derived from the possession and study of telecommunications.

Demand Assigned Multiple Access (DAMA) -An access scheme in which access to a channel by geographically separated communications terminals is allocated on user demand.

Differential Phase-Shift Keying (DPSK) -A method of encoding each element of a signal for transmission as a change in the phase of the carrier with respect to its previous phase angle.

Digital Interface -A common connection for sharing information in a binary form.

Downlink -A transmission link carrying information from a satellite to Earth.

Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) -The increase in radiated signal relative to an isotropic radiator (a radiation that has the same values along axes in all directions). The gain in signal is due to the net gain of the transmitting antenna.

Elevation -An angular measurement in a vertical plane measured in degrees from the horizon. The height to which something is elevated above a point of reference, such as the ground.

Ephemeris Data -The position of a satellite or spacecraft in space with respect to time.

Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA) -The use of frequency division to provide multiple and simultaneous transmissions to a single transponder. 91

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ANNEX B TO NTP 2 SECTION 1 (D)

ORIGINAL B-3

Frequency Permutating -A process of pseudorandomly spreading out the eight tones of an uplink channel over the entire bandwidth of the associated satellite receiver. The process defeats certain types of jammers.

Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK) -A frequency modulation technique in which the modulating signal wave shifts the output frequency between predetermined values. The Navy standard shift is 170 Hz between center frequencies.

Full-duplex (FDX) -That mode of operation in which communications between two terminals occurs in either direction simultaneously .

Geosynchronous (Geostationary) Satellite -An Earth satellite whose period of revolution is equal to the period of rotation of the earth about its axis. In that the satellite position is relatively stationary to a point on the Earth's surface, such a satellite may also be known as geostationary.

Guard Band -The frequency band deliberately left vacant between two satellite transponder channels, which provides a margin of safety against mutual interference.

Half-duplex (HDX) -That mode of operation in which communication between two terminals occurs in either direction, but in only one direction at a time.

Hardware -The built-in physical components of a system that are mechanical, magnetic, electrical, or electronic devices.

Jamming (or jamming signals) -The intentional transmission of radio signals in order to interfere with the reception of signals from another station, particularly used in electronic countermeasures.

Ka-band -The frequency band between 17.7 and 21.2 GHz.

Look Angle -The angle relative to the Earth surface at which a satellite antenna is pointing at the satellite.

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ANNEX B TO NTP 2 SECTION 1 (D)

ORIGINAL B-4 Milstar -The short title for the Milstar Satellite Communications System.

Multiple Access -In satellite communications, the capability of more than one terminal to use the same satellite channel at any given time.

Multiplexing -The combining of two or more information channels on to a common transmission medium.

Network -An interconnected system capable of direct communications with an organization of stations on a common channel, often on a scheduled basis.

Node -A terminal of any branch of a network or a terminal common to two or more branches of a network.

Orderwire -A circuit used by operating personnel to coordinate the establishment, operation, maintenance, and control of communications facilities.

Over-the-Air Rekey (OTAR) -A means of electronically distributing keying material to users via RF medium (e. g., SATCOM).

Payload -The spacecraft communications package.

Point-to-Point (PTP) Call -A full-or half-duplex means to exchange data, facsimile, teletype, or voice communications between two terminals.

Polarization -The process of making radiation vary over time in direction and amplitude. The variation is perpendicular to the ray in a definite form.

Precedence -A designated level of service used to determine the priority with which satellite payload resources are allocated.

Primary Channel -The channel that is designed as a prime transmission channel and is used as the first choice in restoring priority circuits.

Privilege -The ability of a terminal to perform functions (e. g., activate or modify service, move spot beams, activate or modify point-to-point calls) which affect other terminals.

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ANNEX B TO NTP 2 SECTION 1 (D)

ORIGINAL B-5

Pulse-Code Modulation (PCM) -Modulation in which a signal is sampled and the magnitude (with respect to a fixed reference) of each sample is quantized and digitized for transmission over a common transmission medium.

Q Band -A band of frequencies extending from 36 to 46 GHz, corresponding to wavelengths of 0.834 to 0.652 cm.

Random Noise -Noise consisting of a large number of transient disturbances with a statistically random time distribution.

Satellite Constellation -The satellites in a common orbit used by a SATCOM system.

Side Lobe -A portion of the beam from an antenna, other than the main lobe. It is usually much smaller than the main lobe.

Software -The programs, routines, codes, and other written information for use with digital computers.

Solar Array -A group of interconnected solar cells that convert solar energy directly into electrical energy.

Spot Beam -A narrow antenna beam of approximately 5° beamwidth or less used to illuminate selected terrestrial areas. A type of antenna used on satellites which is steerable so that the aim point can be controlled by command.

Spread Spectrum Modulation -A communication and modulation technique that makes use of sequential noise-like signals to spread the normal narrowband information over a relatively wide band of frequencies to protect against jamming.

Stationkeeping -The process of keeping a satellite in its assigned orbital location.

Technical Control Facility (TCF) -A facility where the satellite system and the terrestrial communications system are interfaced.

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ANNEX B TO NTP 2 SECTION 1 (D)

ORIGINAL B-6 Telecommunications Service -A specified set of user-information transfer capabilities provided to a group of users by a telecommunications system.

Telemetry -The process of reading and recording satellite status information.

Telemetry, Tracking, and Command (TT& C) -TT& C is the method of determining the operational status of a satellite, maintaining the satellite on station, and controlling the configuration and operating levels of the satellite.

Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA) -The use of time division to provide multiple and simultaneous transmission to a single transponder.

Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) -A method of deriving two or more apparently simultaneous channels from a given frequency spectrum of a transmission medium connecting two or more points by assigning discrete time intervals in sequence to each of the individual channels. During a given time interval the entire available frequency spectrum can be used by the channel to which it is assigned.

Tracking -The process of maintaining the position and range information of a satellite to aid in sustaining the satellite's orbital position.

Transmission Security (TRANSEC) -That component of communications security which consists of all measures designed to protect radio transmissions from interception and exploitation by means other than cryptoanalysis.

Transponder -A device that automatically receives, amplifies, and retransmits a signal on a different frequency.

Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Band -The frequency band extending from 300 to 3000 MHz (or 3 GHz). The U. S. Navy UHF SATCOM utilizes 225 to 400 MHz, the upper portion of the very high frequency (VHF) band and the lower portion of the UHF band.

Up-converter -A device that translates frequencies from lower to higher frequencies.

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NTP 2 SECTION 1 (D)

ORIGINAL LEP-1

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Subject Matter Page Numbers Change in Effect Title Page I Original Foreword II Original Letter of Promulgation dated 1 November 1997 III Original

Record of Changes and Corrections IV to V Original

Table of Contents VI to VIII Original TEXT Original

Chapter 1 1-1 to 1-10 Original 
Chapter 2 2-1 to 2-35 Original 
Chapter 3 3-1 to 3-6 Original 
Chapter 4 4-1 to 4-13 Original 
Chapter 5 5-1 to 5-10 Original 
Annex A A-1 to A-7 Original 
Annex B B-1 to B-6 Original 
List of Effective Pages LEP-1 Original 
Feedback Report Unnumbered Original 

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COMMUNICATIONS PROCEDURES FEEDBACK REPORT ____ Date

From: ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

To: Commander, Naval Space Command (Code N33) 5280 Fourth Street Dahlgren, VA 22248-5300

Subj.: Communications Procedures Feedback Report

Publication: _________________________________________ Paragraph No.: _________________________________________

Other: _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________

Problem Area: _______ Typographical _______ General _______ New Procedures _______ Other _______ Obsolete _______ Inadequate _______ Conflicting Comments: ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 97