Back to 2025 Home Page2025 Concept, No. 200123. "Satellite to Satellite Refueling." 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996).
2025 Concept, No. 200150. "TUGSAT." 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996).
2025 Concept, No. 200167. "S-130 Tactical Space Transport." 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996).
2025 Concept, No. 200209. "Refueling Satellite." 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996).
2025 Concept, No. 900318. "Nuclear Batteries." 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996).
2025 Concept, No. 900439. "Electrical Flow Tracking." 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996).
2025 Concept, No. 900448. "Space Debris Dust Buster." 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996).
2025 Concept, No. 900649. "Space Trash & Recycling Vehicle." 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996).
2025 Concept, No. 200134. "Debris Removal System (C083U)." 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996).
2025 Concept, No. 200142. "Space Debris Collector/Zapper (C093U)." 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996).
2025 Concept, No. 200183. "Space Waste-Buster ASAT (C131U)." 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996).
2025 Alternate Futures white paper. 2025 Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996).
Ackerman, Robert K. "Direct Satellite Telephony Offers Terrestrial Linkage." Signal 49, no. 8 (April 1995): 26-29.
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Anselmo, Joseph C. "In Orbit." Aviation Week and Space Technology, 11 March 1996, 65.
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Clapp, Maj Porter, Jr. "Space Warfare C2 Leaps Ahead Twenty Years." Space Tactics Bulletin 2 no. 3 (Summer 1995): 11-12.
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Durlach, Nathaniel I., and Anne S. Mavor, eds. Virtual Reality: Scientific and Technological Challenges. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1995.
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Figurski, Capt Michael L. Milstar Engineer, 4th Space Operations Squadron. Telephone interview by Maj Carl Block, 23 February 1996.
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Forrest, Stephen R. Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University. Electronic mail to Maj Phil Simonsen, 23 February 1996.
Frascinella, Joy. "Laser Bridge Across the World." New Scientist 146, no. 1982 (17 June 1995): 25.
Gabriel, Kaigham J. "Engineering Microscopic Machines." Scientific American 273, no. 3 (September 1995): 118-121.
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Giles, 1st Lt John. Defense Satellite Communication System Engineer, 3d Space Operations Squadron. Telephone interview with Maj Carl Block, 23 February 1996.
Glanz, James. "Putting X-ray Lasers on the Table." Science 266 (4 November 1994): 732.
Hallion, Richard P. Storm Over Iraq, Air Power and the Gulf War. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992.
Hess, Maj Walter. Headquarters, Air Force Space Command, Requirements Division. Telephone interview by Maj Carl Block, 23 February 1996.
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Keaney, Thomas A., and Eliot A. Cohen. Gulf War Air Power Survey Summary Report. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Air Force, 1993.
Khayat, Capt Andre. Microelectronics Engineer, US Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Los Angeles AFS, Calif. Telephone interview with Maj Phil Simonsen, 23 February 1996.
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Mahan, Alfred T. The Influence of Sea Power Upon History. New York: Dover Publications Inc., 1987.
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory. New Millennium Program Brochure. Online, Internet, 2 March 1996, available from http://nmp.jpl. nasa.gov/About /Brochure/Graphics/page-2.gif.
Neifeld, Mark A. Director, Optical Sciences Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona. Electronic mail to Maj Phil Simonsen, 23 February 1996.
Patterson, David A. "Microprocessors in 2020." Scientific American 273, no. 3 (September 1995): 48-51.
Petersen, John L. The Road to 2015, Profiles of the Future. Corte Madera, Calif.: Waite Group Press, 1994.
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Rogers, Craig A. "Intelligent Materials." Scientific American 273, no. 3 (September 1995): 122-125.
Schmader, Col John. "US Atlantic Command's Joint Training." Lecture, Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell AFB, Ala., 5 February 1996.
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Simon, Barry. "How Lossy Compression Shrinks Images." PC Magazine 12, no. 13 (July 1993): 371-382.
SPACECAST 2020. Volume I, (June 1994).
Spreen, Darrel. Phillips Laboratory Laser Imaging Division. Telephone interview by Maj Carl Block, 7 March 1996.
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Swan, Peter A., John E. Hatlelid, and David E. Sterling. "IRIDIUM - Covering the Globe with Personal Telecommunications." Spaceflight 34, no. 2 (February 1992): 46-48.
Sward, Capt Rick. Air Force Institute of Technology. Electronic mail to Maj Carl Block, 16 February 1996.
Toffler, Alvin, and Heidi Toffler. War and Anti-War. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1993.
University of Arizona. Optical Computing and Processing Laboratory. Online, Internet, 22 February 1996, available from http://www.ocpl.ece.arizona.edu.
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Webber, Doug. President, Maverick Electronics Inc. Telephone interview with Maj Phil Simonsen, 23 February 1996.
Whitesides, George M. "Self-Assembling Materials." Scientific American 273, no. 3, (September 1995): 114-117.
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Worden, Col Simon P. "Space: Grabbing the Solar System and Dominating the Planet." Air War College, Air University, Maxwell AFB, Ala., 1995.
Zaubi, Maj Joseph, and Capt Mark Wilbanks. "Project Correlation: Showing the Battlefield to the War fighter By Integrating National Information Sources." Space Tactics Bulletin 2, no. 3 (Summer 1995): 13-14.
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2. Air Force 2025. Alternate Futures white paper. 2025 database, (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996).
3. 1Lt Gary L. Vincent, "In the Loop in Command and Control," Airpower Journal, Summer 1992, 17-18.
4. Alvin Toffler and Heidi Toffler, War and Anti-War (Boston: Little, Brown, & Co. 1993), 5.
5. Jeffery R. Barnett, Future War, An Assessment of Aerospace Campaigns in 2020 (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air University Press, 1996), 15.
6. Foreign Broadcast Information Service, FBIS-CHI-93-126, (2 July 1993), 22.
7. Richard P. Hallion, Storm Over Iraq, Air Power and the Gulf War (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992), 181.
9. Thomas A. Keaney and Eliot A. Cohen, Gulf War Air Power Survey Summary Report (Washington, D.C.: Department of the Air Force, 1993), 90.
12. Maj David S. Fadok, "John Boyd and John Warden, Air Power's Quest for Strategic Paralysis" (Master's Thesis, School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Air University, 1994), 16-17.
13. Pattie Maes, "Intelligent Software," Scientific American 273, no. 3 (September 1995): 66-68.
15. IBM Corporation 1995 Research News, "HDSS Holographic Data Storage System," Internet, 6 February 1996, available from http://www.research.ibm.com/xw-div-press-holographic.
18. Anonymous assessor comment on 2025 White Paper draft, (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996).
19. Barry Simon, "How Lossy Compression Shrinks Images," PC Magazine 12, no. 13 (July 1993): 371-382.
20. D. Marini, "Image Files Comparing JPEG and Fractal Compression," Internet, 6 February 1996, available from ftp://ftp.dsi.unimi.it/pub/imaging/fractal_compression/images.
21. Asrian Vanzyl, "An Overview of gif, JPEG and Fractal Compression Techniques," Internet, 6 February 1996, available from http:www.scu.edu.au/ausweb95/papers/management/ vanzyl.
22. USAF Scientific Advisory Board, New World Vistas: Air and Space Power for the 21st Century, summary volume (Washington, D.C.: USAF Scientific Advisory Board, 15 December 1995), 63.
23. Andrew Wilson, ed., Jane's Space Directory, Eleventh Edition 1995-1996 (Alexandria, Va.: Jane's Information Group, 1995), 181.
24. Robert K. Ackerman, "Microsatellite Tests Radars, Positioning, Data Transfer" Signal 49, no. 12 (August 95): 23-25.
25. Timothy Pratt and Charles W. Bostian, Satellite Communications (New York: Jon Wiley & Sons, 1986), 130.
26. Heather E. Hudson, Communication Satellites, Their Development and Impact (New York: Free Press, 1990), 278.
27. Air Force Executive Guidance (draft), HQ USAF/XOXS, December 1995, 9.
28. Joint Pub 6-0, Doctrine for Command, Control, Communications and Computer (C4) Systems Support to Joint Operations, 30 May 1995, II-4.
30. Maj Walter Hess, Headquarters, Air Force Space Command, Requirements Division, telephone interview by Maj Carl Block, 23 February 1996.
31. General Accounting Office (GAO) Study, Space Operations: NASA's Communications Support for Earth Orbiting Spacecraft (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, April 1989), 19.
32. Col Simon P. Worden, "Space: Grabbing the Solar System and Dominating the Planet" (Paper presented at Air War College, Maxwell AFB, Ala., 6 December 1995), 2.
34. N.E. Feldman and Sharlene Katz, Earth to Satellite Communications above 8GHz, Features of Importance to the Military (U) Contract # DCA100-76-C-0010 (Washington, D.C.: Defense Communications Agency, 1977), 63. (Secret) Information extracted is unclassified.
35. Ronald Brown, LASERS, Tools of Modern Technology (New York: Doubleday & Co. Inc., 1968), 81.
37. Darrel Spreen, Phillips Laboratory Laser Imaging Division, telephone interview with Maj Carl Block, 7 March 1996.
38. Joy Frascinella, "Laser Bridge Across the World" New Scientist 146, no. 1982 (17 June 1995): 25.
39. Gabriel J. Kaigham, "Engineering Microscopic Machines," Scientific American 273, no. 3 (September 1995): 118.
40. James Glanz, "Putting X-ray Lasers on the Table," Science 266 (4 November 1994): 732.
41. Timothy Pratt and Charles W. Bostian, Satellite Communications (New York: Jon Wiley & Sons, 1986), 10.
43. Craig A. Rogers, "Intelligent Materials," Scientific American 273, no. 3 (September 1995): 122-125.
44. George M. Whitesides, "Self-Assembling Materials", Scientific American 273, no. 3 (September 1995): 114-117.
46. Peter A. Swan, John E. Hatlelid, and David E. Sterling, "IRIDIUM-Covering the Globe with Personal Telecommunications," Spaceflight 34, no. 2 (February 1992): 46-48.
47. Robert K. Ackerman, "Direct Satellite Telephony Offers Terrestrial Linkage," Signal 49, no. 8 (April 1995): 26.
49. John L. Petersen, The Road to 2015 (Corte Madera, Calif.: Wait Group Press, 1994), 193.
51. IBM Corporation 1995 Research News (Online).
52. Capt Rick Sward, Air Force Institute of Technology, electronic mail with Maj Carl Block, 16 February 1996.
53. Vince L. Wiggins, Larry T. Looper and Sheree K. Engquist, Neural Networks, A Primer, (Brooks AFB, Tex.: Armstrong Laboratory, 1991), 5.
56. Clarence A. Robinson, Jr., "Virtual Teleconferencing Spurs Factory, Medical Collaboration," Signal 49, no. 8 (April 1995): 15-18.
57. Nathaniel I. Durlach and Anne S. Mavor eds., Virtual Reality Scientific and Technological Challenges (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1995), 124-127.
61. Col John Schmader, "US Atlantic Command's Joint Training," lecture, Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell AFB, Ala., 5 February 1996.
62. Col Simon P. Worden, "Space: Grabbing the Solar System and Dominating the Planet," lecture, Air War College, Maxwell AFB, Ala., 6 December 1995.
63. Suzanne D'Mello, "New Millennium Program: A Brief History," Internet, 12 November 1995, available from http://nmp.jpl.nasa.gov/about/briefhistory/briefhistory.html.
64. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory, New Millennium Program Brochure, Internet, 2 March 1996, available from http://nmp.jpl.nasa.gov/about/brochure/ graphics/page-2.gif.
66. New World Vistas, summary volume, 43.
67. Maj Michael J. Muolo, Space Handbook; An Analyst's Guide (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air University Press, 1993), 153.
68. 2025 concept, no. 900318, "Nuclear Batteries," 2025 concept database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996).
69. New World Vistas, (unpublished draft, the space technology volume), 43.
71. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, "New Millennium Program," Internet, 2 March 1996, available from http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/sts-75/tss-1r/apps/future.html.
72. New World Vistas, (unpublished draft, the space technology volume), 37.
75. 2025 concept, no. 200209, "Refueling Satellite," 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996) and 2025 concept, no. 200123, "Satellite to Satellite Refueling," 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996).
76. 2025 concept, no. 200150, "TUGSAT," 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996).
77. Capt Andre Khayat, Microelectronics Engineer, US Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, telephone interview with Maj Phil Simonsen, 23 February 1996.
79. Doug Webber, President, Maverick Electronics Inc., telephone interview with Maj Phil Simonsen, 23 February 1996.
81. New World Vistas, summary volume, 45.
82. New Millennium Program Brochure (Online).
83. Stephen R. Forrest, Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, electronic mail to Maj Phil Simonsen, 23 February 1996.
84. Mark A. Neifeld, Director, Optical Sciences Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, electronic mail to Maj Phil Simonsen, 23 February 1996.
85. Lt Col Tom S. Wailes, Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, electronic mail to Maj Phil Simonsen, 22 February 1996.
86. University of Arizona, Optical Computing and Processing Laboratory. Internet, 22 February 1996, available from http://www.ocpl.ece.arizona.edu.
87. New World Vistas, summary volume, 28.
88. 2025 concept, no. 900439, "Electrical Flow Tracking," 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996).
89. 2025 concept, no. 900448, "Space Debris Dust Buster," 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996); 2025 concept, no. 900649, "Space Trash & Recycling Vehicle," 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996); 2025 concept, no. 200134, "Debris Removal System (C083U)," 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996); 2025 concept, no. 200142, "Space Debris Collector/Zapper (C093U)," 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996); 2025 concept, no. 200183, "Space Waste-Buster ASAT (C131U)," 2025 Concept Database (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air War College/2025, 1996).
90. National Aeronautics and Space Association, FY95 Budgetary Report, Internet, 15 March 1996, available from http://nasa.gov.
91. AFM 1-1, Basic Aerospace Doctrine of the United States Air Force; vol. 1, March 1992, 1.
94. New World Vistas, summary volume, 13.
97. Joseph C. Anselmo, "In Orbit," Aviation Week and Space Technology, 11 March 1996, 65.
99. New World Vistas, summary volume, 20.
100. Joseph C. Anselmo, "Lidar "Reads"
Air-Drop Winds," Aviation Week and Space Technology, 12 February
1996, 94-96.