0602618A Ballistics Technology

COST (In Thousands)	FY 1996 Actual	FY 1997 Estimate	FY 1998 Estimate	FY 1999 Estimate	FY 2000 Estimate	FY 2001 Estimate	FY 2002 Estimate	FY 2003 Estimate	Cost to Complete	Total Cost
Total Program Element (PE) Cost									Continuing	Continuing
									0	7343

Mission Description and Budget Item Justification: This program element (PE) provides ballistic technologies required for armaments and armor to allow U.S. dominance in future conflicts across a full spectrum of threats in a global context. Project AH37 is directed toward solving the remaining technology challenges identified under previous attempts to weaponize liquid propellant (LP) technology. It capitalizes on the large Army investment in LP technology. Project AH75 focuses on pulsed power technologies for electric armaments which offer the potential to field leap-ahead capability in providing hypervelocity and hyperenergy launch well above the ability of the conventional cannon. It also includes work in hypervelocity penetrator effectiveness and electrothermal chemical (ETC) technology that will greatly increase anti-armor capabilities. Project AH80 is focused on applied research in ballistics technologies including warhead mechanics, penetrator mechanics, munition-target interactions, terminal effects, propulsion dynamics, launch and flight dynamics, remote sensing and computational physics. Corresponding emphasis is placed on advanced armor technology and vulnerability, lethality and survivability analysis technologies to optimize effectiveness and survivability of armored combat vehicles. Project AH81 taps the innovation of industry and pursues the most promising and affordable approaches to developing armor/anti-armor technologies. Work in this program element has been coordinated with the other military services through the Weapons Technology Area Plan to prevent duplication of effort and to maximize the return on investment. One result of this process is the Army's leveraging of Navy and Defense Special Weapons Agency investments for ETC technology demonstrations. These projects include non-system specific development efforts pointed toward specific military needs and therefore are appropriate to Budget Activity 2.

	COST (In Thousands)		FY 1996 Actual		FY 1997 Estimate		FY 1998 Estimate		FY 1999 Estimate		FY 2000 Estimate		FY 2001 Estimate		FY 2002 Estimate		FY 2003 Estimate		Cost to Complete		Total Cost
AH37	Liquid Propellant Technology	0		7343		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		7343

A. Mission Description and Justification: This project will focus on maturation of liquid propellant (LP) technology with the intent to evaluate LP as a means of achieving increased lethality and/or survivability for future weapon systems applications. Technology challenges including pressure oscillations, material compatibility, and reliability/durability of the propellant in a battlefield environment will be addressed and advantages of an LP weapon will be explored.

FY 1996 Accomplishments: Project not funded in FY 96.

FY 1997 Planned Program:

	7164	-Identify improved hydroxyl ammonium nitrate (HAN)-based propellant(s) with potential for increasing muzzle energy of an LP gun over conventional powder gun.
		-Conduct studies and tests to show improved performance of LP formulations with reduced pressure oscillations.
		-Acquire thermal stability data on liquid propellants with stabilizing additives.
		-Develop improved ballistic models for LP ; conduct ballistic tests on improved LP formulations and use data to validate models.
		-Obtain jet breakup and propellant decomposition data using liquid propellant at low pressure.
	179	-Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer (SBIR/STTR) Programs.
Total	7343

FY 1998 Planned Program: Project not funded in FY 97.

FY 1999 Planned Program: Project not funded in FY 99.

B. Project Change Summary	FY 1996	FY 1997	FY 1998	FY 1999
FY 1997 President’s Budget	0	0	0	0
Appropriated Value	0	7343
Adjustments to Appropriated Value
FY 1998 Pres Bud Request	0	7343	0	0

Change Summary Explanation: Funding: FY 1997-Project established by Congress to focus efforts on liquid propellant applied research.

	COST (In Thousands)	FY 1996 Actual	FY 1997 Estimate	FY 1998 Estimate	FY 1999 Estimate	FY 2000 Estimate	FY 2001 Estimate	FY 2002 Estimate	FY 2003 Estimate	Cost to Complete	Total Cost
AH75	Electric Gun Technology	7585	7839	8032	10159	6865	7215	7181	7239	Continuing	Continuing

A. Mission Description and Justification: This project provides oversight and accountability for the Army electric armaments technology program, which is managed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL). Future armored combat vehicles will require more lethal, yet compact main armament systems capable of defeating protection levels greatly in excess of currently experienced values. Electric armaments offer the potential to field a leap-ahead capability by providing hypervelocity and/or hyperenergy launch greatly above the ability of the conventional cannon. Electric armaments potentially can be fully integrated with electric propulsion and electromagnetic armor systems to provide the efficient, highly mobile, and deployable armored force required by the nation. This project funds a contractual effort to develop an efficient pulsed power system for electromagnetic (EM) launch. The goal is to demonstrate pulse power technology (rotating machines) with energy density of three Joules per gram (J/g) and to identify a clear potential for growth to ten J/g. In addition, this project supports the development of electrothermal chemical (ETC) technology which is a joint effort with the Defense Special Weapons Agency (DSWA). The goal of the ETC effort is to demonstrate 140mm lethality from a 120mm cannon.

FY 1996 Accomplishments:

	2661	- Developed and evaluated three candidate ETC concepts for 120mm.
		- Rebuilt subscale compulsator rotor.
		- Tested compulsator into a static load.
		- Integrated compulsator with 45mm railgun and tested into a dynamic load.
	4924	- Developed switching and rectifiers for self-excitation.
		- Designed and began fabrication of fully compensated machine.
		- Designed and tested high performance armature/launch packages.
Total	7585

FY 1997 Planned Program:

	5647	- Complete subscale rotor and conduct performance tests to validate fabrication and design; demonstrate full machine rotational rate, structural integrity, and energy density of 1.5 J/g.
		- Initiate design of a compulsator which will demonstrate energy density of 3 J/g (Exit Criteria Machine - ECM) including required switching and power conditioning electronics.
		- Conduct experiments to validate performance potential of state-of-the-art switching and power conditioning electronics for the ECM.
	2000	- Conduct reduced scale tests of up to six ETC-ignition and propulsion concepts.
	192	- Small business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer (SBIR/STTR) Programs.
Total	7839

FY 1998 Planned Program:

	6232	- Test subscale rotor to 12,000 rpm and demonstrate full electrical performance through both static and dynamic load representative of an EM launcher.
		- Conduct critical component tests to validate ECM design and initiate fabrication of compulsator based on validated design.
	1800	- Conduct tests to demonstrate potential of two ETC-ignition and propulsion systems in 120mm, M256 cannon.
Total	8032

FY 1999 Planned Program:

	7959	- Complete fabrication of ECM and demonstrate energy density of 3 J/g through a representative dynamic load.
		- Provide a clear technology roadmap to achieving energy density of 10 J/g.
	2200	- Test the single best ETC-ignition concept to demonstrate 140mm performance (17 MJ muzzle energy) in a 120mm XM291 cannon.
Total	10159

B. Project Change Summary	FY 1996	FY 1997	FY 1998	FY 1999
FY 1997 President’s Budget	7781	5407	6346	7427
Appropriated Value	8000	7839
Adjustments to Appropriated Value	-415
FY 1998 Pres Bud Request	7585	7839	8032	10159

Change Summary Explanation: FY 1997 Congressional add (+2600) for electric gun development.

FY 1998 funding increased (+1686) to provide critical increased level of effort in EM pulse power development.

FY 1999 funding increased (+2732) to provide critical increased level of effort in EM pulse power development.

	COST (In Thousands)	FY 1996 Actual	FY 1997 Estimate	FY 1998 Estimate	FY 1999 Estimate	FY 2000 Estimate	FY 2001 Estimate	FY 2002 Estimate	FY 2003 Estimate	Cost to Complete	Total Cost
AH80	Ballistics Technology	20433	20328	20998	22642	23069	25409	26168	27643	Continuing	Continuing

A. Mission Description and Justification: This project produces key technologies required for armaments and armor to allow U.S. dominance in future conflicts across a full spectrum of threats in a global context. This project supports ballistic technology advances in vehicle survivability, direct fire armament capabilities, indirect fire support, and weapon effectiveness evaluation in order to be able to design the most effective weapon capabilities and optimally protect against the most dangerous threats. Emphasis will be placed on advancement of simulation and modeling technologies to foster the exploitation of the Army's supercomputer network. The modeling and simulation tools created are used to produce analyses that support the independent evaluation process for acquisition milestone decisions. This project continues to support extensive experimental programs to advance the state-of-the-art in ballistics technologies.

FY 1996 Accomplishments:

	11314	- Investigated diode laser technology for the direct ignition of solid/liquid propellants and modeled inbore and free flight projectile stability, surface heating and ablation of hypervelocity projectiles.
		- Demonstrated an armor capable of defeating projectiles over a wide velocity spectrum.
		- Integrated ETC tank cartridge (plasma generator, bullets, propellant), and demonstrated improved electrical enhancement factors while maintaining enhanced performance.
		- For spinning projectiles or submunitions, developed a rotation-compensated warhead concept; for long rod penetrators, demonstrated a micro-rocket motor to reduce drag.
	9119	- Integrated target acquisition, image stabilization and target cueing with the inertial reticle system fire control for secondary armament.
		- Implemented ballistic shock and secondary spall algorithms in the stochastic vulnerability/lethality analysis code in support of live-fire test and evaluation of U.S. Army systems.
		- Simulated the resin transfer molding processes used by United Defense for manufacturing Composite Armored Vehicle components. Improved distributed interactive simulation (DIS) compliant smoke/obscurants models for insertion into synthetic environments.
Total	20433

FY 1997 Planned Program:

	15558	- Develop enabling technologies for lightweight weapons and focused warhead effects for the light and special operations forces, which improve their effectiveness in remote locations and in operations other than war.
		- Test artillery projectile technologies which provide gliding flight and enhanced accuracy for extended range.
		- Provide technology to enhance weapon lethality for applications such as long standoff, counter active protection and missile applications.

FY 1997 Planned Program: (continued)
		- Demonstrate technologies to allow lightweight protection of armored systems to advanced threats such as kinetic energy weapons and top attack weapons.
		- Develop unique armor and armaments technologies which will provide synergy with battlefield digitization to enhance both lethality and survivability.
		- Conduct theoretical and experimental studies of novel gun propulsion concepts for laboratory and weapon system applications to provide the energy required to defeat evolving threats.
		- Develop thick composite technology using resin transfer molding process.
	3821	- Develop engineering-based methods to compute ballistic damage response and performance of combat system components, including main rotor blades, drive trains, and electro-optics.
	949	- Demonstrate integration of the multi-user prototype synthetic environment with computer generated individual combatants. Develop mission planning and rehearsal tools simulating the battlefield to quickly adjust mission plans to changing battlefield situations.
Total	20328

FY 1998 Planned Program:

	14633	-Advance technologies such as recoil mitigation and advanced warheads which will provide enhanced capabilities for light forces in operations across the threat spectrum. Develop weaponry which addresses the needs of soldiers in operations other than war. -Apply advanced sensing and guidance technology to artillery projectiles, missiles and fire control concepts to provide improved weapon accuracy and associated relief from logistic burden. -Enhance direct fire lethality by introducing novel propulsion concepts and advanced warhead designs including multi-stage shaped charge and kinetic energy precursor technology. -Investigate advanced basal and appliqué armor technology which, combined with lightweight structures, will provide new approaches to armoring vehicles.
	4273	-Implement blast damage algorithm for component damage from small warheads to optimize lethality/survivability of smart indirect-fire munitions /ground systems.
	2092	-Implement physical models of vulnerability and weapons effects in real time for interactive simulations.
Total	20998

FY 1999 Planned Program:

	14143	-Determine the effects of advanced propellant technology on gun tube erosion and gun accuracy; investigate advances in direct fire lethal mechanisms. -Optimize guidance and flight technologies to extend range and improve accuracy of indirect fire weaponry. -Develop technology which will provide new operational capabilities to soldiers in low intensity conflicts and operations other than war. -Enhance the armor technology base to address the lethality of advanced threats.
	6527	-Implement vulnerability/lethality ballistics methodologies in a server configuration incorporating engineering technologies into higher level models. -Provide engineering-based predictions of the sub-system capabilities of air and ground combat platforms after multiple impact combinations of direct- and/or indirect-fire threats.
	1972	-Develop and demonstrate interaction between untethered and tethered soldiers via DIS in a synthetic environment that includes realistic simulations of physical models of weapons systems, ballistic effects, vehicle systems, and sensor systems..
Total	22642

B. Project Change Summary	FY 1996	FY 1997	FY 1998	FY 1999
FY 1997 President’s Budget	20520	21262	22260	25333
Appropriated Value	21099	20328
Adjustments to Appropriated Value	-666
FY 1998 Pres Bud Request	20433		20998	22642

Change Summary Explanation: Funding: FY 1999 funds reprogrammed (-2691) to higher priority requirements.

	COST (In Thousands)	FY 1996 Actual	FY 1997 Estimate	FY 1998 Estimate	FY 1999 Estimate	FY 2000 Estimate	FY 2001 Estimate	FY 2002 Estimate	FY 2003 Estimate	Cost to Complete	Total Cost
AH81	Armor/Anti-Armor Technology	6629	4403	4287	4797	4678	5254	5360	5484	Continuing	Continuing

A. Mission Description and Justification: The objective of this project is to provide significantly increased levels of protection and survivability to existing and future combat systems, and to provide significantly increased lethality and effectiveness to existing and future anti-armor munitions by seeking novel and innovative solutions from industry. This project began as a joint program among the U.S. Army, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and the U.S. Marine Corps to enhance the national capability in armor/anti-armor (A3) technologies, and has been funded only by the Army since FY 1994. All of the funds in this project are used to fund contractual work to tap innovative ideas of industry. Major contractors include: Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI; Kaman Sciences, Colorado Springs, CO; Simula Inc., Phoenix, AZ; GDLS, Warren, MI.

FY 1996 Accomplishments:

	4629	- Developed warheads and penetrators capable of defeating explosive reactive armor.
		- Performed live fire tests to defeat explosive reactive appliqué target with gun launched kinetic energy (KE) projectiles incorporating KE precursor concepts.
		- Investigated technical approaches to integration of ballistic protection against overhead attack with signature management technologies.
		- Initiated development of fuze for active protection system (APS) defeat.
	2000	- Identified and analyzed existing liquid propellant (LP) technical barriers, prior to design of a high performance LP gun.
Total	6629

FY 1997 Planned Program:

	2608	- Complete KE precursor concept development for explosive reactive armor (ERA) defeat and down-select final configuration.
	1695	- Support demonstration of integrated survivability approaches to overhead threats.
		- Continue development of warhead for APS defeat.
	100	- Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer (SBIR/STTR) Programs.
Total	4403

FY 1998 Planned Program:

	2622	- Complete KE precursor final design and transition to PE 0603004A, Proj D232, for cartridge integration.
		- Initiate exploration of novel penetrator designs to defeat advanced armor systems.
	1665	- Develop integrated top attack and smart armor concepts into lightweight structures employing titanium and other lightweight materials.
Total	4287

FY 1999 Planned Program:

	1957	- Continue integration and demonstrate integrated top attack and smart armor concepts into lightweight structures employing titanium and other lightweight materials.
	2840	- Select and demonstrate novel penetrator designs for full scale testing.
		- Initiate design of critical componentry for extended range munitions for tanks.
Total	4797

B. Project Change Summary	FY 1996	FY 1997	FY 1998	FY 1999
FY 1997 President’s Budget	4744	4497	4844	5845
Appropriated Value	4877	4403
Adjustments to Appropriated Value	1752
FY 1998 Pres Bud Request	6629		4287	4797

Change Summary Explanation: Funding: FY 1996: funds increased (+1885) to support technical efforts to address barriers to the development of a liquid propellant gun.

FY 1998: funds reprogrammed (-557) to higher priority requirements.

FY 1999: funds reprogrammed (-1048) to higher priority requirements.

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