Subtitle C--Ballistic Missile Defense Act of 1995

SEC. 231. SHORT TITLE.

This subtitle may be cited as the `Ballistic Missile Defense Act of 1995'.

SEC. 232. BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES.

It is the policy of the United States--

(1) to deploy at the earliest practical date highly effective theater missile defenses (TMDs) to protect forward-deployed and expeditionary elements of the Armed Forces of the United States and to complement and support the missile defense capabilities of friendly forces and of allies of the United States; and

(2) to deploy at the earliest practical date a national missile defense (NMD) system that is capable of providing a highly effective defense of the United States against limited ballistic missile attacks.

SEC. 233. IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICY.

(a) TMD Deployment- To implement the policy established in section 232(1), the Secretary of Defense shall develop and deploy at the earliest practical date advanced theater missile defense (TMD) systems.

(b) NMD System Architecture- To implement the policy established in section 232(2), the Secretary of Defense shall develop for deployment at the earliest practical date an affordable, operationally-effective National Missile Defense (NMD) system designed to protect the United States against limited ballistic missile attacks. The system to be developed for deployment shall include the following:

(1) Up to 100 ground-based interceptors at a single site or a greater number of interceptors at a number of sites, as determined necessary by the Secretary.

(2) Fixed, ground-based radars.

(3) Space-based sensors, including, within the type of space-based sensors known as ABM-adjunct sensors (such sensors not being prohibited by the ABM Treaty), those sensor systems (such as the Space and Missile Tracking System) that are capable of cuing ground-based anti-ballistic missile interceptors and of providing initial targeting vectors.

(4) Battle management, command, control, and communications.

(c) Report on Plan for Deployment- Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report setting forth the Secretary's plan for--

(1) the deployment of advanced theater missile defense (TMD) systems pursuant to subsection (a); and

(2) the deployment of a national missile defense system which meets the requirements specified in subsection (b).

SEC. 234. FOLLOW-ON TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

(a) Follow-on National and Theater Missile Defense Technology- The Secretary shall pursue research and development of technologies and systems related to national missile defense and theater missile defense in order to provide future options for--

(1) protecting the United States against limited ballistic missile attacks; and

(2) defending forward-deployed and expeditionary elements of the Armed Forces of the United States and complementing and supporting the missile defense capabilities of friendly forces and allies of the United States.

(b) Exclusion of Certain Systems From Initial Deployment- The initial National Missile Defense system architecture developed for deployment pursuant to section 233(b) may not include--

(1) ground-based or space-based directed energy weapons; or

(2) space-based interceptors.

SEC. 235. POLICY ON COMPLIANCE WITH THE ABM TREATY.

(a) Policy Concerning Systems Subject to ABM Treaty- Congress finds that, unless and until a missile defense system, system upgrade, or system component is flight tested in an ABM-qualifying flight test (as defined in subsection (c)), such system, system upgrade, or system component--

(1) has not, for purposes of the ABM Treaty, been tested in an ABM mode nor been given capabilities to counter strategic ballistic missiles; and

(2) therefore is not subject to any application, limitation, or obligation under the ABM Treaty.

(b) Prohibitions- (1) Funds appropriated to the Department of Defense may not be obligated or expended for the purpose of--

(A) prescribing, enforcing, or implementing any Executive order, regulation, or policy that would apply the ABM Treaty (or any limitation or obligation under such Treaty) to research, development, testing, or deployment of a theater missile defense system, a theater missile defense system upgrade, or a theater missile defense system component; or

(B) taking any other action to provide for the ABM Treaty (or any limitation or obligation under such Treaty) to be applied to research, development, testing, or deployment of a theater missile defense system, a theater missile defense system upgrade, or a theater missile defense system component.

(2) This subsection applies with respect to each missile defense system, missile defense system upgrade, or missile defense system component that is capable of countering modern theater ballistic missiles.

(3) This subsection shall cease to apply with respect to a missile defense system, missile defense system upgrade, or missile defense system component when that system, system upgrade, or system component has been flight tested in an ABM-qualifying flight test.

(c) ABM-Qualifying Flight Test Defined- For purposes of this section, an ABM-qualifying flight test is a flight test against a ballistic missile which, in that flight test, exceeds (1) a range of 3,500 kilometers, or (2) a velocity of 5 kilometers per second.

SEC. 236. BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE PROGRAM ACCOUNTABILITY.

(a) Annual BMD Programs Report- The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees an annual report describing the technical milestones, schedule, and cost of each ballistic missile defense program specified in subsection (c).

(b) Matters To Be Included- Each report under subsection (a) shall list all technical milestones, program schedule milestones, and costs of each phase of development and acquisition, together with total estimated program costs, covering the entire life of each program specified in subsection (c).

(c) Covered Programs- The reports under this section shall cover the following programs:

(1) Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD).

(2) Patriot Advanced Capability-3.

(3) Navy Lower Tier.

(4) Navy Upper Tier.

(5) Corps Surface-to-Air Missile.

(6) Hawk.

(7) Boost Phase Intercept.

(8) National Missile Defense.

(9) Arrow.

(10) Medium Extended Air Defense.

(11) Any theater missile defense program or national missile defense program which the Department of Defense initiates after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(d) Variance Reporting Requirements- (1) In the annual report under this section, the Secretary shall describe, with respect to each program covered in the report, any difference in the technical milestones, program schedule milestones, and costs for that program--

(A) compared with the information relating to that program in the report submitted in the previous year; and

(B) compared with the information relating to that program in the first report submitted under this section in which that program is covered.

(2) Paragraph (1)(A) shall not apply to the first report submitted under this section.

(e) Date of Submission- The report required by this section for any year shall be submitted not later than 30 days after the date on which the President's budget for the next fiscal year is submitted, except that the first report shall be submitted not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 237. ABM TREATY DEFINED.

For purposes of this subtitle and subtitle D, the term `ABM Treaty' means the Treaty Between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems, and signed at Moscow on May 26, 1972, and includes Protocols to that Treaty, signed at Moscow on July 3, 1974.

SEC. 238. REPEAL OF MISSILE DEFENSE ACT OF 1991.

The Missile Defense Act of 1991 is repealed.

Subtitle D--Other Ballistic Missile Defense Provisions

SEC. 241. BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE FUNDING FOR FISCAL YEAR 1996.

Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated pursuant to section 201 for fiscal year 1996 or otherwise made available to the Department of Defense for fiscal year 1996, not more than $3,070,199,000 may be obligated for Ballistic Missile Defense programs.

SEC. 242. POLICY CONCERNING BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE.

(a) Ballistic Missile Defense and Other Counterproliferation Efforts- The Congress views the deployment of ballistic missile defenses as a necessary, but not sufficient, element of a broader strategy to discourage both the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and the proliferation of means of their delivery and to defend against the consequences of such proliferation. The Congress, therefore, endorses and supports measures designed to slow or halt the proliferation of advanced technologies that pose a threat to the safety and security of the United States and to international stability.

(b) Ballistic Missile Defense and Strategic Stability- (1) The Congress views the deployment of ballistic missile defenses as a strategically stabilizing measure.

(2) The deployment of Theater Missile Defense systems at the earliest practical date pursuant to section 232(a)(1) will deny potential adversaries the option of escalating a conflict by threatening or attacking United States forces, coalition partners of the United States, or allies of the United States with ballistic missiles armed with weapons of mass destruction to offset the operational and technical advantages of the United States and its coalition partners and allies.

(3) The deployment of a National Missile Defense system at the earliest practical date pursuant to section 232(a)(2) against the threat of limited ballistic missile attacks--

(A) will strengthen deterrence at the levels of forces agreed to by the United States and Russia under the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks Treaties (START-I and START-II); and

(B) would further strengthen deterrence if reductions below the levels permitted under START-II should be agreed to in the future.

(c) Presidential Discussions With Other Nations- (1) The Congress--

(A) notes that on the basis of section 235 it is no longer necessary for the United States to continue discussions with Russia to clarify the distinction between ABM and TMD systems and, therefore, urges the President to discontinue any such discussions;

(B) notes that the ABM Treaty prohibits deployment of ground-based interceptors in a number that would be sufficient to assure that the entire continental United States, Alaska, and Hawaii are defended against limited ballistic missile attacks; and

(C) notes that past discussions with Russia, based on Russian President Yeltsin's proposal for a Global Protection System, held promise of an agreement to amend the ABM Treaty to allow defense against a limited ballistic missile attack that would have included (among other measures) permitted deployment of as many as four ground-based interceptor sites in addition to the one site currently permitted under the ABM Treaty and unrestricted exploitation of ground-based and space-based sensors.

(2) In light of the findings in paragraph (1), Congress urges the President to pursue high-level discussions with Russia to amend the ABM Treaty to permit--

(A) deployment of the number of ground-based ABM sites necessary to provide effective defense of the entire territory of the United States against limited ballistic missile attack; and

(B) the unrestricted exploitation of sensors based within the atmosphere and in space.

(3) It is in the interest of the United States to develop its own missile defense capabilities in a manner that will permit the United States to complement and support the missile defense capabilities developed and deployed by its allies and possible coalition partners. Therefore, the Congress urges the President--

(A) to pursue high-level discussions with allies and selected other states on the means and methods by which the parties on a bilateral basis can cooperate in the development, deployment, and operation of ballistic missile defenses;

(B) to take the initiative within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to develop consensus in the Alliance for a timely deployment of effective ballistic missile defenses by the Alliance; and

(C) in the interim, to seek agreement with allies and selected other states on steps the parties should take, consistent with their national interests, to reduce the risks posed by the threat of limited ballistic missile attacks, such steps to include--

(i) the sharing of early warning information derived from sensors deployed by the United States and other states;

(ii) the exchange on a reciprocal basis of technical data and technology to support both joint development programs and the sale and purchase of missile defense systems and components; and

(iii) operational level planning to exploit current missile defense capabilities and to help define future requirements.

SEC. 243. TESTING OF THEATER MISSILE DEFENSE INTERCEPTORS.

Subsection (a) of section 237 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994 (Public Law 103-160; 107 Stat. 1600) is amended to read as follows:

`(a) Testing of Theater Missile Defense Interceptors- (1) The Secretary of Defense may not approve a theater missile defense interceptor program proceeding beyond the low-rate initial production acquisition stage until the Secretary certifies to the congressional defense committees that such program has successfully completed initial operational test and evaluation.

`(2) In order to be certified under paragraph (1) as having been successfully completed, the initial operational test and evaluation conducted with respect to an interceptors program must have included flight tests--

`(A) that were conducted with multiple interceptors and multiple targets in the presence of realistic countermeasures; and

`(B) the results of which demonstrate the achievement by the interceptors of the baseline performance thresholds.

`(3) For purposes of this subsection, the baseline performance thresholds with respect to a program are the weapons systems performance thresholds specified in the baseline description for the system established (pursuant to section 2435(a)(1) of title 10, United States Code) before the program entered the engineering and manufacturing development stage.

`(4) The number of flight tests described in paragraph (2) that are required in order to make the certification under paragraph (1) shall be a number determined by the Secretary of Defense to be sufficient for the purposes of this section.

`(5) The Secretary may augment live-fire testing to demonstrate weapons system performance goals for purposes of the certification under paragraph (1) through the use of modeling and simulation that is validated by ground and flight testing.'.

SEC. 244. REPEAL OF MISSILE DEFENSE PROVISIONS.

The following provisions of law are repealed:

(1) Section 222 of the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1986 (Public Law 99-145; 99 Stat. 613; 10 U.S.C. 2431 note).

(2) Section 225 of the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1986 (Public Law 99-145; 99 Stat. 614).

(3) Section 226 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989 (Public Law 100-180; 101 Stat. 1057; 10 U.S.C. 2431 note).

(4) Section 8123 of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1989 (Public Law 100-463; 102 Stat. 2270-40).

(5) Section 8133 of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1992 (Public Law 102-172; 105 Stat. 1211).

(6) Section 234 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994 (Public Law 103-160; 107 Stat. 1595; 10 U.S.C. 2431 note).