Special Weapons [nuclear, missile, CBW] GAO Reports

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Special Weapons
General Accounting Office Reports
Nuclear, Biological, Chemical, Missile and Anti-Missile

Missile Defense Systems
Cooperative Threat Reduction
Non-Proliferation
Export Controls
Chemical and Biological Weapons
Energy Department

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The General Accounting Office is the investigative arm of Congress. A database of GAO reports is available at GAO, and another searchable WAIS Database of GAO Reports and Testimony is available @ GPO Access.

Weapons of Mass Destruction: DOD's Actions to Combat Weapons Use Should Be More Integrated and Focused [NSIAD-00-97] 05/26/2000
Missile Defense Systems
Cost Increases in the Airborne Laser Program [GAO-04-643R], May 17, 2004
Missile Defense: Actions Are Needed to Enhance Testing and Accountability [GAO-04-409], April 2004
Missile Defense: Actions Being Taken to Address Testing Recommendations, but Updated Assessment Needed [GAO-04-254] February 2004
Missile Defense: Cost Increases Call for Analysis of How Many New Patriot Missiles to Buy [NSIAD-00-153] 06/29/2000
Missile Defense: Schedule for Navy Theater Wide Program Should Be Revised to Reduce Risk [NSIAD-00-121] 05/31/2000
Missile Defense: Status of the National Missile Defense Program [NSIAD-00-131] 05/31/2000
Ballistic Missile Defense: More Common Systems and Components Could Result in Cost Savings (Letter Report, 05/21/99, GAO/NSIAD-99-101).
Defense Acquisitions: DOD Efforts to Develop Laser Weapons for Theater Defense (Chapter Report, 03/31/99, GAO/NSIAD-99-50). PDF version
Cruise Missile Defense: Progress Made but Significant Challenges Remain (Letter Report, 03/31/99, GAO/NSIAD-99-68).

National Missile Defense: Even With Increased Funding Technical and Schedule Risks Are High GAO/NSIAD-98-153, June 23. [also in PDF]
Defense Acquisition: Decision Nears on Medium Extended Air Defense System (Letter Report, 09 June 1998, GAO/NSIAD-98-145)
National Missile Defense: Schedule and Technical Risks Represent Significant Development Challenges (Letter Report, 12/12/97, GAO/NSIAD-98-28)
Ballistic Missile Defense: Improvements Needed in Navy Area Acquisition Planning. NSIAD-98-34. November 14, 1997.
Theater Missile Defense: Significant Technical Challenges Face the Airborne Laser Program. NSIAD-98-37. October 23, 1997.
Ballistic Missile Defense: Improvements Needed in THAAD Acquisition Planning. NSIAD-97-188. September 12, 1997.
National Missile Defense - Risk and Funding Implications for Space-Based Infrared Low Component - GAO/NSIAD-97-16 February 25, 1997
FOREIGN MISSILE THREATS: Analytic Soundness of certain National Intelligence Estimates (GAO Report, 08/30/96, GAO/NSIAD-96-255)
Issues Concerning Acquisition of THAAD Prototype System (Letter Report, 07/09/96, GAO/NSIAD-96-136)
High Risk Series: Defense Weapons Systems Acquisition, GAO Report HR-95-4, 2/01/95.
Financial Management: Theater Missile Defense Cooperation Account, GAO Report NSIAD-95-93, 4/3/95.
Ballistic Missile Defense: Current Status of Strategic Target System, GAO Report NSIAD-95-78, 3/3/95.
Ballistic Missile Defense: Computation of Number of Patriot PAC-3 Interceptors Needed Is Flawed, GAO Report NSIAD-95-45, 3/17/95.
National Space Issues: Observations on Defense Space Programs and Activities, GAO Report NSIAD-94-253, 8/16/94.
Ballistic Missile Defense: Records Indicate Deception Program Did Not Affect 1984 Test Results, GAO Report NSIAD-94-219, 7/21/94.
Ballistic Missile Defense: Information on Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) and Other Theater Missile Defense Systems, GAO Testimony NSIAD-94-167, 05/03/94.
Military Space Programs: Comprehensive Analysis Needed and Cost Savings Available, GAO Testimony, GAO/T-NSIAD-94-164, 04/14/94.
Ballistic Missile Defense: Information on Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) System, GAO Report, NSIAD-94-107BR, 01/27/94.
OPERATION DESERT STORM DATA DOES NOT EXIST TO CONCLUSIVELY SAY HOW WELL PATRIOT PERFORMED GAO Report B-250335 - September 22, 1992
OPERATION DESERT STORM Project Manager's Assessment of Patriot Missile's Overall Performance Is Not Supported GAO Report, T/NSIAD-92-27, April 7, 1992.
Patriot Missile Software Problem GAO Report IMTEC-92-26 February 4, 1992
Strategic Defense System: Stable Design and Adequate Testing Must Precede Decision to Deploy, GAO Report, July 1990
Cooperative Threat Reduction
Biological Weapons: Effort to Reduce Former Soviet Threat Offers Benefits, Poses New Risks [NSIAD-00-138] 04/28/2000
Cooperative Threat Reduction: DOD's 1997-98 Reports on Accounting for Assistance Were Late and Incomplete [NSIAD-00-40 ] 03/15/2000
Weapons of Mass Destruction: U.S. Efforts to Reduce Threats From the Former Soviet Union [T-NSIAD/RCED-00-119] 03/06/2000
Nuclear Nonproliferation: Concerns With DOE's Efforts to Reduce the Risks Posed by Russia's Unemployed Weapons Scientists (Chapter Report, 02/19/99, GAO/RCED-99-54).
Nuclear Nonproliferation and Safety: Uncertainties About the Implementation of U.S.-Russian Plutonium Disposition Efforts (Letter Report, 01/14/98, GAO/RCED-98-46).
Cooperative Threat Reduction: Review of DOD's June 1997 Report on Assistance Provided GAO/NSIAD-97-218, September 5, 1997.
Cooperative Threat Reduction: Status of Defense Conversion Efforts in the Former Soviet Union. NSIAD-97-101. April 11, 1997.
Weapons of Mass Destruction: DOD Reporting on Cooperative Threat Reduction Assistance Has Improved. NSIAD-97-84. February 27, 1997.
Nuclear Weapons: Russia's Request for the Export of U.S. Computers for Stockpile Maintenance (Stmnt. for the Rec., 09/30/96, GAO/T-NSIAD-96-245).
Weapons of Mass Destruction: Status of the Cooperative Threat Reduction Program (Letter Report, 09/27/96, GAO/NSIAD-96-222).
Nuclear Nonproliferation: Status of U.S. Efforts to Improve Nuclear Material Controls in Newly Independent States (Chapter Report, 03/08/96, GAO/NSIAD/RCED-96-89).
Nuclear Safety: Concerns with Nuclear Facilities and Other Sources of Radiation in the Former Soviet Union (Letter Report, 11/07/95, GAO/RCED-96-4).
Weapons of Mass Destruction: DOD Report Accounting for Cooperative Threat Reduction Assistance Needs Improvement, GAO Report NSIAD-95-191, 9/29/95.
Weapons of Mass Destruction: Reducing the Threat From the Former Soviet Union: An Update, GAO Report NSIAD-95-165, 6/9/95.
Weapons of Mass Destruction: Reducing the Threat from the Former Soviet Union, GAO Report NSIAD-95-7, 10/6/94.
GAO/NSIAD-94-136 Arms Control: Status of U.S.-Russian Agreements and the Chemical Weapons Convention (Chapter Report, 03/15/94)
Non-Proliferation
NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION: DOE Needs to Take Action to Further Reduce the Use of Weapons-Usable Uranium in Civilian Research Reactors, GAO-04-807, July 2004
Department of State: Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining, and Related Programs Follow Legal Authority, but Some Activities Need Reassessment, GAO-04-521, April 2004
Nonproliferation: Delays in Implementing the Chemical Weapons Convention Raise Concerns About Proliferation {GAO-04-261], March 2004
Foreign Assistance: U.S. Bilateral Food Assistance to North Korea Had Mixed Results [NSIAD-00-175] 06/15/2000
Foreign Assistance: North Korean Constraints Limit Food Aid Monitoring [T-NSIAD-00-47] 10/27/1999
Foreign Assistance: North Korea Restricts Food Aid Monitoring [NSIAD-00-35] 10/08/1999
Foreign Assistance: North Korean Constraints Limit Food Aid Monitoring (Testimony, 10/27/1999, GAO/T-NSIAD-00-47).
Foreign Assistance: North Korea Restricts Food Aid Monitoring (Letter Report, 10/08/1999, GAO/NSIAD-00-35).

Nuclear Nonproliferation: Difficulties in Accomplishing IAEA's Activities in North Korea GAO/RCED-98-210, July 7.
Nuclear Nonproliferation: Uncertainties With Implementing IAEA's Strengthened Safeguards System. NSIAD/RCED-98-184. 29 pp. plus 6 appendices (11 pp.) July 9, 1998.
Nuclear Nonproliferation and Safety: Concerns With the International Atomic Energy Agency's Technical Cooperation Program. RCED-97-192. 27 pp. plus 6 appendices (17 pp.) September 16, 1997.
Nuclear Nonproliferation: Implementation of the U.S./North Korean Agreed Framework on Nuclear Issues GAO/RCED/NSIAD-97-165, June 2, 1997.
Hong Kong's Reversion to China: Effective Monitoring Critical to Assess U.S. Nonproliferation Risks (Letter Report, 05/22/97, GAO/NSIAD-97-149).
Nuclear Nonproliferation: Implications of the U.S./North Korean Agreement on Nuclear Issues (Letter Report, 10/01/96, GAO/RCED/NSIAD-97-8).
GAO/RCED/AIMD-95-5 Nuclear Nonproliferation: U.S. International Nuclear Materials Tracking Capabilities Are Limited (Letter Report, 12/27/94)
GAO/NSIAD-94-119 Nuclear Nonproliferation: Export Licensing Procedures for Dual-Use Items Need to Be Strengthened (Chapter Report, 04/26/94)
Export Controls
Nonproliferation: Improvements Needed for Controls on Exports of Cruise Missiles and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology [GAO-04-493T], Testimony, March 9, 2004
Nonproliferation: Improvements Needed to Better Control Technology Exports for Cruise Missiles and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles [GAO-04-175], January 2004
Export Controls: Challenges and Changes For Controls on Computer Exports [T-NSIAD-00-187] 05/26/2000
Export Controls: National Security Risks and Revisions to Controls on Computer Systems [T-NSIAD-00-139] 03/23/2000
Export Controls: National Security Risks and Revisions To Controls on Computers [T-NSIAD-00-104] 02/28/2000
Export Controls: Statutory Reporting Requirements for Computers Not Fully Addressed (Letter Report, 11/05/1999, GAO/NSIAD-00-45).
Export Controls: Implementation of the 1998 Legislative Mandate for High Performance Computers (Testimony, 10/28/1999, GAO/T-NSIAD-00-53).
Nuclear Nonproliferation: Heavy Fuel Oil Delivered to North Korea Under the Agreed Framework [T-RCED-00-020] 10/27/1999
Export Controls: Change in Licensing Jurisdiction for Commercial Communications Satellites, by Katherine V. Schinasi, Associate Director for Defense Acquisitions Issues, before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. GAO/T-NSIAD-98-222, Sept. 17.
Export Controls: Information on the Decision to Revise High Performance Computer Controls. NSIAD-98-196. 21 pp. plus 6 appendices (27 pp.) September 16, 1998.
Export Controls: National Security Issues and Foreign Availability for High Performance Computer Exports GAO/NSIAD-98-200, Sept. 16.
Export Controls: Changes in Controls Applied to the Export of High Performance Computers, by Harold L. Johnson, Associate Director for International Relations and Trade Issues, before the Subcommittee on International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services, Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs. GAO/T-NSIAD-98-250, Sept. 16.
China: Military Exports From the United States and the European Union Since the 1989 Embargoes GAO/NSIAD-98-176, June 16.
Export Controls: Issues Related to the Export of Communications Satellites. GAO/T-NSIAD-98-211, June 17.
Export Controls: Issues Related to Commercial Communications Satellites. T-NSIAD-98-208. 15 pp. plus 1 appendix (4 pp.) June 10, 1998.
Automated Export System: Prospects for Improving Data Collection and Enforcement Are Uncertain. NSIAD-98-5. 23 pp. plus 7 appendices (58 pp.) November 14, 1997.
Export Controls: Sales of High Performance Computers to Russia's Nuclear Weapons Laboratories, by Harold J. Johnson, Associate Director for International Relations and Trade Issues, before the Subcommittee on Military Procurement, House Committee on National Security GAO/T-NSIAD-97-128, April 15, 1997
Export Controls: Change in Export Licensing Jurisdiction for Two Sensitive Dual-Use Items (Letter Report, 01/14/97, GAO/NSIAD-97-24).
Export Controls: Sensitive Machine Tool Exports to China (Letter Report, 11/19/96, GAO/NSIAD-97-4)
Export Controls: Sale of Telecommunications Equipment to China (Letter Report, 11/13/96, GAO/NSIAD-97-5)
Export Controls: Some Controls Over Missile-Related Technology Exports To China Are Weak, (Letter Report, 04/17/95, GAO/NSIAD-95-82). Size: 63715
GAO/NSIAD-95-140 Export Controls: Concerns Over Stealth-Related Exports (Letter Report, 05/10/95)
GAO/NSIAD-94-98 Iraq: U.S. Military Items Exported or Transferred to Iraq in the 1980s (Letter Report, 02/07/94)
Chemical and Biological Weapons
Chemical Weapons Disposal: Improvements Needed in Program Accountability and Financial Management [NSIAD-00-80] 05/08/2000
Biological Weapons: Effort to Reduce Former Soviet Threat Offers Benefits, Poses New Risks [NSIAD-00-138] 04/28/2000
Contract Management: DOD's Anthrax Vaccine Manufacturer Will Continue to Need Financial Assistance [T-NSIAD-00-140] 04/14/2000
Medical Readiness: DOD Continues to Face Challenges in Implementing Its Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program [T-NSIAD-00-157] 04/13/2000
DOD Competitive Sourcing: Potential Impact on Emergency Response Operations at Chemical Storage Facilities Is Minimal [NSIAD-00-88] 03/28/2000
Chemical and Biological Defense: Observations on Nonmedical Chemical and Biological R&D Programs [T-NSIAD-00-130] 03/22/2000
Combating Terrorism: Chemical and Biological Medical Supplies Are Poorly Managed [T-HEHS/AIMD-00-059 ] 03/08/2000
Combating Terrorism: Chemical and Biological Medical Supplies Are Poorly Managed [HEHS/AIMD-00-036] 10/29/1999
Medical Readiness: DOD Faces Challenges in Implementing Its Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program [NSIAD-00-36] 10/22/1999
Combating Terrorism: Observations on the Threat of Chemical and Biological Terrorism (Testimony, 10/20/1999, GAO/T-NSIAD-00-50).
Chemical and Biological Defense: Observations on Actions Taken to Protect Military Forces (Testimony, 10/20/1999, GAO/T-NSIAD-00-49).
Anthrax Vaccine: Safety and Efficacy Issues (Testimony, 10/12/1999, GAO/T-NSIAD-00-48).
Chemical and Biological Defense: Coordination of Nonmedical Chemical and Biological R&D Programs (Letter Report, 08/16/1999, GAO/NSIAD-99-160).
Chemical and Biological Defense: Program Planning and Evaluation Should Follow Results Act Framework (Letter Report, 08/16/1999, GAO/NSIAD-99-159).
Medical Readiness: Issues Concerning the Anthrax Vaccine (Testimony, 07/21/1999, GAO/T-NSIAD-99-226).
Contract Management: Observations on DOD's Financial Relationship With the Anthrax Vaccine Manufacturer (Testimony, 06/30/99, GAO/T-NSIAD-99-214).
Medical Readiness: Safety and Efficacy of the Anthrax Vaccine (Testimony, 04/29/99, GAO/T-NSIAD-99-148).
Gulf War Illnesses: Procedural and Reporting Improvements Are Needed in DOD's Investigative Processes (Chapter Report, 02/26/99, GAO/NSIAD-99-59).

Chemical Weapons: DOD Does Not Have a Strategy to Address Low-Level Exposures. NSIAD-98-228. 29 pp. plus 5 appendices (10 pp.) September 23, 1998.
Chemical and Biological Defense: DOD's Evaluation of Improved Garment Materials. NSIAD-98-214. 13 pp. plus 4 appendices (5 pp.) August 18, 1998.
Chemical and Biological Defense: Observations on DOD's Plans To Protect U.S. Forces. T-NSIAD-98-83. 11 pp. plus 1 appendix (1 pp.) March 17, 1998.
Gulf War Illnesses: Public and Private Efforts Relating to Exposures of U.S. Personnel to Chemical Agents GAO/NSIAD-98-27, October 15, 1997.
Chemical Weapons Stockpile: Changes Needed in the Management of the Emergency Preparedness Program. NSIAD-97-91. June 11, 1997.
Chemical Weapons and Materiel: Key Factors Affecting Disposal Costs and Schedule (Testimony, 03/11/97, GAO/T-NSIAD-97-118).
Chemical Weapons and Materiel: Key Factors Affecting Disposal Costs and Schedule (Chapter Report, 02/10/97, GAO/NSIAD-97-18).
Environmental Cleanup: Inadequate Army Oversight of Rocky Mountain Arsenal Shared Costs (Letter Report, 01/23/97, GAO/NSIAD/AIMD-97-33).
Chemical and Biological Defense: Emphasis Remains Insufficient to Resolve Continuing Problems (Testimony, 05/01/96, GAO/T-NSIAD-96-154). May 1, 1996 - Before the Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses
Chemical and Biological Defense: Emphasis Remains Insufficient to Resolve Continuing Problems (Letter Report, 03/29/96, GAO/NSIAD-96-103).
Chemical and Biological Defense: Emphasis Remains Insufficient to Resolve Continuing Problems (Testimony, 03/12/96, GAO/T-NSIAD-96-123).
Energy Department
Nuclear Security: DOE Needs to Resolve Significant Issues Before It Fully Meets the New Design Basis Threat {GAO-04-623], April 2004
National Ignition Facility: Management and Oversight Failures Caused Major Cost Overruns and Schedule Delays [RCED-00-141] 08/08/2000
National Ignition Facility: Management and Oversight Failures Caused Major Cost Overruns and Schedule Delays [RCED-00-271] 08/08/2000
Department of Energy: Uncertainties and Management Problems Have Hindered Cleanup at Two Nuclear Waste Sites [T-RCED-00-248] 07/12/2000
Nuclear Waste Cleanup: DOE's Cleanup Plan for the Paducah, Kentucky Site Faces Uncertainties and Excludes Costly Activities [T-RCED-00-225] 06/27/2000
Nuclear Waste: Observations on DOE's Privatization Initiative for Complex Cleanup Projects [T-RCED-00-215] 06/22/2000
Nuclear Waste: DOE's Advanced Mixed Waste Treatment Project--Uncertainties May Affect Performance, Schedule, and Price [RCED-00-106] 04/28/2000
Nuclear Waste Cleanup: DOE's Paducah Plan Faces Uncertainties and Excludes Costly Cleanup Activities [RCED-00-096] 04/28/2000
Nuclear Safety: Concerns With the Continuing Operation of Soviet-Designed Nuclear Power Reactors [RCED-00-097] 04/25/2000
Low-Level Radioactive Wastes: Department of Energy Has Opportunities to Reduce Disposal Costs [RCED-00-064] 04/12/2000
Nuclear Weapons: Challenges Remain for Successful Implementation of DOE's Tritium Supply Decision [RCED-00-024] 01/28/2000
Nuclear Weapons: Key Nuclear Weapons Component Issues Are Unresolved (Letter Report, 11/09/98, GAO/RCED-99-1).
Nuclear Waste: Department of Energy's Hanford Tank Waste Project--Schedule, Cost, and Management Issues GAO/RCED-99-13, Oct. 8.
Nuclear Waste: Schedule, Cost, and Management Issues at DOE's Hanford Tank Waste Project, by Gary L. Jones, Associate Director for Energy, Resources, and Science Issues, before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, House Committee on Commerce. GAO/T-RCED-99-21, Oct. 8.
Nuclear Waste: Further Actions Needed to Increase the Use of Innovative Cleanup Technologies. RCED-98-249. 51 pp. plus 5 appendices (14 pp.) September 25, 1998.
Department of Energy: DOE Lacks an Effective Strategy for Addressing Recommendations From Past Laboratory Advisory Groups, by Victor S. Rezendes, Director of Energy, Resources, and Science Issues, before the Subcommittee on Basic Research and the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, House Committee on Science. GAO/T-RCED-98-274, Sept. 23.
Department of Energy: Uncertain Progress in Implementing National Laboratory Reforms. RCED-98-197. 19 pp. plus 7 appendices (39 pp.) September 10, 1998.
Information Technology:Department of Energy Does Not Effectively Manage Its Supercomputers. GAO/RCED-98-208, July 17.
Nuclear Waste: Management Problems at the Department of Energy's Hanford Spent Fuel Storage Project. T-RCED-98-119. 23 pp. plus 1 appendix (1 pp.) May 12, 1998.
Department of Energy: Alternative Financing and Contracting Strategies for Cleanup Projects GAO/RCED-98-169, May 29.
Nuclear Weapons: Design Reviews of DOE's Tritium Extraction Facility. RCED-98-75. 13 pp. plus 3 appendices (4 pp.) March 31, 1998.
Department of Energy: Information on the Tritium Leak and Contractor Dismissal at the Brookhaven National Laboratory GAO/RCED-98-26, November 4, 1997.
Department of Energy: Clearer Missions and Better Management are Needed at the National Laboratories. T-RCED-98-25. October 9, 1997.
Cleanup Technology: DOE's Program to Develop New Technologies for Environmental Cleanup, by Victor S. Rezendes, Director of Energy, Resources, and Science Issues, before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, House Committee on Commerce. GAO/T-RCED-97-161, May 7, 1997.
Department of Energy: Opportunity for Enhanced Oversight of Major System Acquisitions GAO/RCED-97-146R, April 30, 1997.
Department of Energy: Funding and Workforce Reduced, but Spending Remains Stable GAO/RCED-97-96, Apr. 24, 1997.
Department of Energy: Plutonium Needs, Costs, and Management Programs GAO/RCED-97-98, Apr. 17, 1997.
Nuclear Weapons: Capabilities of DOE's Limited Life Component Program to Meet Operational Needs (Letter Report, 03/05/97, GAO/RCED-97-52).
Nuclear Safety: Uncertainties About the Implementation and Costs of the Nuclear Safety Convention GAO/RCED-97-39, January 2, 1997.
Department of Energy: Opportunity to Improve Management of Major System Acquisitions. RCED-97-17. November 26, 1996.
Nuclear Weapons: Improvements Needed to DOE's Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Surveillance Program. GAO/RCED-96-216. July 31, 1996.
Energy Downsizing: Criteria for Community Assistance Needed (LetterReport, 12/27/95, GAO/RCED-96-36).

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